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I am writting an article on the use of self-introspection in deconstructing tourist behaviour. I would appreciate feedback on innovative epistemologies and approaches.

I ´ll like to know if anybody did some study about tourist behaviour and the destination as moderator

This is my new research project that is looking at sport tourist consumer behavior. Mainly this project is focus on how COVID-19 consequences impact on sport tourist decision making behaviour. Also, how it influence their mood, movement and motivation. your open ideas are welcome for improve this project.

Hello, I am seeking any advice on how to analyze my ethogram data. I am not a mathematical mind and anything would be useful!

As part of my interdisciplinary project on the welfare of primates in sanctuaries in Costa Rica, I have 35.4 hours of observational data of capuchins (Cebuscapucinus) from my field season this summer across 3 sanctuaries.

My hypotheses are that:

(1) tourist presence is a potential source of stress for captive caps.

(2) tourist presence has less of an effect on the behaviour of caps who live in more enriched enclosures.

My predictions are that:

(1) caps perform vigilance, territorial and aggressive behaviours in relation to tourist presence.

(2) caps in more enriched enclosures (more space per individual, places for privacy, complex structures, etc.) perform less vigilance, territorial and aggressive behaviours when tourists are present.

Each sanctuary differed in enclosure size and enrichments, as well as frequency of guided tours and number of tourists.

Sanctuary 1 (n=5): 15 sessions X 60 min =15 hours observation

Sanctuary 2 (n=3): 9 sessions X 72 min = 10.8 hours observation

Sanctuary 3 (n=3): 8 sessions X 72 min = 9.6 hours observation

Total = 35.4 hours

n = capuchin individuals.

I used both focal follow and group scan methods:

-Focal follows of 6 minutes alternating per monkey.

-3 group scans beginning, middle, and end of session (approx. 30 min apart).

I made notes (all-occurrence style) of when a tour group approached the enclosure and when they left.

I made all-occurrence observations of when capuchins did territorial noise-making (bang tail, throw rocks, bang items in enclosure, etc.).

I can say, anecdotally, I noticed that the enclosure that in the least enriched enclosure (Sanctuary 1), capuchins performed the most territorial and vigilance behaviour. This sanctuary has the most capuchins, the smallest enclosure, and the most tourist activity. Sanctuary 2 had the least tourism activity and the most enriched enclosure (lots of areas for privacy, located at edge of jungle, etc.) and I saw the least territorial and vigilance behaviour performed there. Sanctuary 3 was somewhat in the middle of both, so right now Sanctuary 1,2, and 3 feels like they are on a bit of a spectrum.

How do I demonstrate that tourist presence is correlated with caps' vigilant and territorial behaviour? I imagine creating a graph that looks like a time line of the observational session, with time stamps for when tourists approached and left the enclosure. In my mind, there would be a line tracking vigilance, aggression, and territoriality which would spike during the in-between section of the timeline during tourist presence (which I think of as sort-of like applying a treatment to the capuchin group).

I am wondering if this would be a good way to illustrate the effect of tourist presence, and if so, how to go about making this graph such as in Excel or R Studio.

As well, my understanding is that the individual capuchins are not independent variables because they influence each other’s behaviour. Does this mean that I would combine all their individual data for vigilance, territoriality, etc., when I noticed it was typically the alphas and usually one other individual who performed most of these behaviours?

I used Zoo Monitor to record observations. For behaviour tail-banging behaviour ("drum"), I was able to generate these graphs using the app where the y-axis is Rate (occurrence/min per session) of tail-banging, and the x-axis has dates of observation.

Is there any research out there which someone tried to identify potential similarities of the tourist behaviour by a country?

For example, the Russians respect this but not this, the scandinavians mostly do this when in holiday and goes on...

I did a quick search in Google scholar but researchers doesnt seem to divide the tourists for simplier subjects than this. I understand that some countries are too big to have similarities but am asking if this idea have ever implement in some way.

Should this lead to a potential research about sustainability educations in each country?