Discover the world's scientific knowledge

1. To check whether the English as a medium of instruction in higher education in various countries of the world affects the HDI and GNI ranks of the country.

2. To check how the vernacular languages as a medium of instruction in higher education in various countries of the world affects the ultimate economic growth of the country.

3. At the end develop a model on the basis of study on GNI and HDI ranks and comparison of the vernacular language, English and other colonial language employed as a medium of instruction in higher education and how it affects the economic growth of the country.

Say it aloud please.....

Most people say the address 1309 as “thirteen, O, nine” not “thirteen, zero, nine.”

You might not have even realized that you hear someone say “O” and you think and write down “zero.” Why do we do that? It points to the phonological loop you have in your brain and economy of effort. The phonological loop is part of your working memory where you are repeating the information you want to remember in your conscious mind over and over. The economy of effort is very simple for a knowledgeable individual. Saying the two syllables for “zero” takes one moment longer and more complex mouth movements than saying O.

With the letter O you just open your mouth once and say the long vowel sound. Think about “economy of effort” and individuals who have long first names such as Timothy or Elizabeth. People in a work setting, where time is valuable, will truncate the name to “Tim” or “Beth.” That is what I believe has happened to the more complex word “zero”. It has been reduced to its last sound- “o.” This is faster and easier to say. It is just confusing for language delayed children and English as a second language learners. What do you think? Dana Merritt MS CCC Speech Language Pathologist and Vision Therapist

Teaching based intuition/graphical/applications or teaching based demonstrations/technical language/excercises?

At present, ChatGPT is not yet taken fully seriously in many applications as a completely infallible and professional tool that can replace humans in many professions requiring creative word processing etc. This is related to the aforementioned high level of factual errors and the creation of 'fictitious facts' in the texts that ChatGPT creates in its answers to the questions people ask. In addition to this, it examines the data and information on the basis of which it provides answers from 2021, so it is no longer fully up to date in terms of many areas of knowledge. For example, it has happened on more than one occasion that when ChatGPT was asked about an event that was recently supposed to have happened ChatGPT would give an answer that a particular event, incident, etc. happened recently in 2023, give the exact date and details of the event, when in fact this event described by ChatGPT never happened and the knowledge base it uses ends temporally in 2021. The issue of the technological progress taking place dynamically in this field in various circles of citizens acting as employees in various companies, enterprises and institutions, as well as in discussions in scientific spheres and in the media, generates a lot of controversy. On the one hand, the technological progress, development of artificial intelligence and its applications are presented in many discussions and publications, press and scientific articles mainly in positive aspects in the context of ever faster economic and social processes, structural changes in the industry and sectoral structure of the economy, including the emergence of new branches of services, new types of technological products, development of technological sectors, emergence of new professions and occupations in the context of developing information technologies ICT and Industry 4. 0. On the other hand, there are critical and pessimistic opinions concerning the potential effects of the dynamic development of artificial intelligence and its applications, which will lead to the replacement of work done by humans with the same work done by artificial intelligence. It is already estimated, on the basis of ongoing research in this field, that by the end of this decade, artificial intelligence could take away jobs from at least 300 million people globally. So it is certain that the implementation of certain different technological solutions of artificial intelligence into the various spheres of activity of companies, enterprises and institutions will change labour markets to a large extent in the next few years.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on an honest approach to discussing scientific issues and not ChatGPT-generated ready-made answers, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.

The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.

I have not used other sources or automatic text generation systems such as ChatGPT in writing this text.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I would like to request your collaboration to take part in the survey, available at the links (you can choose your preferred language):

(EN): https://lnkd.in/djVdWne

(IT): https://lnkd.in/dnvK3eJ

(PT-BR): https://lnkd.in/dVGWmHv

(ES): https://forms.gle/n8Xo1TGdUtbdLNyt9

This questionnaire is part of the project aiming to analyze the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy, comparing developed and developing countries, at a macro level (nations, regions, cities). The project is a partnership between the University of Brasilia (Brazil) and several other universities (University of Bologna (Italy); University JAUME I (Spain), University of Aalborg (Denmark); Federal University of Pernambuco (Brazil); Federal Technological University of Parana (Brazil); Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology (Pakistan); Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (Pakistan), coordinated by Professor Patricia Guarnieri (University of Brasilia).

It will be great to have your participation in our research, mainly because we would like to get the opinion from experts and stakeholders involved in the transition towards a circular economy and sustainability studies. Please share with your contacts

If you have any doubt, please let me know.

Kind regards.

The old ciscussion of "The Limits of Growth" is now ongoing for more than 40 years - and rising recently.

I have one small and simple question: Why is there no exact "value" in any metric system used by economists for the limit?

Constructing a bridge gives such a value - 100 tons is ok, 200 is too much, and the bridge will collapse at about 155 tons around.

My point is:

If someone is talking about growth as the only way out of "the financial mess up" ... and someone other is talking about "the limits of growth" ... in what kind o metric language are they talking with each other?

I see a gigantic loophole in the economic theory not having an answer about this - and as far as I see - not even having an discussion about it.

That is why i worked on my theory of using the productively used energy as an expression of the number of working guy (giving at least physical labor to something in an economy to build it up).

Enclosed you find my published paper as a link and an attached slightly updated pdf of the same paper.

To use a language as a scientific lingua franca can give advantages and disadvantages for the members of the scientific community on the basis of their culture and mother tongue. The status of a scientific or international language developed historically and not according to logical ideas and decisions on equal opportunity. I have tried to classify former scientific languages and some present candidates. I - as a European with my own experiences and preconceptions - have found Italian and German languages as the best fits. I am waiting for your opinion and reasons.

Characteristics of the ideal international scientific language

Grammar: easy

Vocabulary: well known

Script: easy

Pronunciation: easy

Giving equal opportunity: perfect = dead language

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: yes

Strong economic/political background: none (= economy and politics do not influence the choice)

Characteristics of historical international scientific languages and candidates

Greek

Grammar: not easy

Vocabulary: well known

Script: not easy

Pronunciation: not easy

Giving equal opportunity? yes, one mother country

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: historically yes

Strong economic/political background: none

Latin

Grammar: difficult

Vocabulary: well known

Script: easy

Pronunciation: relatively easy

Giving equal opportunity? perfect

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: historically yes

Strong economic/political background: none

Arabic

Grammar: very difficult

Vocabulary: very difficult

Script: very difficult

Pronunciation: very difficult

Giving equal opportunity? too many native speakers

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: historically yes

Strong economic/political background: too many countries

Chinese

Grammar: I do not know

Vocabulary: very difficult (for Europeans at least)

Script: very difficult

Pronunciation: very difficult

Giving equal opportunity? too many native speakers

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: yes

Strong economic/political background: world power

English

Grammar: at the beginning easy, then difficult

Vocabulary: well known

Script: OK

Pronunciation: difficult

Giving equal opportunity? too many native speakers

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: yes

Strong economic/political background: world power

French

Grammar: difficult

Vocabulary: well known

Script: OK

Pronunciation: difficult

Giving equal opportunity? one mother country

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: yes

Strong economic/political background: none

German

Grammar: relatively easy

Vocabulary: well known

Script: easy

Pronunciation: easy

Giving equal opportunity? two mother countries (Switzerland has four official languages)

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: yes

Strong economic/political background: none

Russian

Grammar: difficult

Vocabulary: not so easy

Script: easy

Pronunciation: easy

Giving equal opportunity? too many native speakers

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: yes

Strong economic/political background: world power

Italian

Grammar: easy

Vocabulary: well known

Script: easy

Pronunciation: easy

Giving equal opportunity? one country

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: yes

Strong economic/political background: none

Spanish

Grammar: not so easy

Vocabulary: well known

Script: easy

Pronunciation: not so easy

Giving equal opportunity? too many native speakers

Strong cultural background: yes

Strong scientific background: yes

Strong economic/political background: too many countries

Hi! I have a problem finding any previous studies that have used a panel data with fixed effects within group with a robust option as a pre-test to find and locate potential events to conduct event studies on.

We are interested in analyzing five Swedish industrial equity indexes; technology, industrial, healthcare, financials, and real estate. Their actual returns will be compared to the benchmark which is a broad market index, the OMXSPI or the Stockholm All-share, whose average return will act as the expected return for the entire market. We are interested in analyzing the global financial crisis 2007-2010 and the COVID-19 pandemic 2019-2022 and the Russo-Ukrainian war 2022-2024. Hence, the stated aim of the study is to analyze if there are any sectors of the Swedish economy which outperforms the market in general through one, two or all three crises mentioned above. The second aim is to also locate sectors of the economy which one should avoid based on underperformance compared to the market during the three different types of crises in similar but not identical future crises. Our problem is that we first wanted to conduct an event study but the results were not significant. Our teachers therefore asked us to do a pre-test by conducting a panel data regression with fixed effects and within group with an robust option in STATA. When this is done the second phase is to locate potential events based on the panel data regression. However, I can not find any previous studies who have conducted their research in this manner before. I therefore humbly ask for any studies that have been conducted in this fashion before.

Thanks beforehand!

Victor

Since the release of an intelligent chatbot built on the ChatGPT language model on the Internet in November 2021, the scale of ongoing discussions on the topic of the impact of the development of artificial intelligence technology on labor markets has increased again. Each successive technological revolution has largely generated changes in labor markets. The increase in the scale of automation of manufacturing processes carried out as part of business operations was motivated by the reduction of operational personnel costs resulting from hired personnel. Automation of manufacturing processes, including processes of production and offering services, may also have reduced the level of personnel operational risk. As a result, companies, firms and, in recent years, financial institutions and public entities, through the implementation of ICT, Internet and Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies in various business processes, are improving the efficiency of business processes and increasing the economic profitability of these processes. In each of the previous four technological revolutions, in spite of changing technical solutions and emerging new technologies, analogous processes of using these new technological advances to increase the scale of automation of economic processes worked. In the era of the current fourth or fifth technological revolution, in which a special role is played by the development of generative artificial intelligence technology, applications of this technology in the development of robotics, building autonomous robots, increasing the scale of cooperation between humans and highly intelligent androids is also making a new appearance and another stage of increasing the scale of automation of manufacturing processes. However, what from the point of view of entrepreneurs thanks to the applied new technologies, the achieved automation of production processes is an increase in the efficiency of manufacturing processes, increasing the scale of economic profitability, etc., is, on the other hand, generating serious effects on labor markets, including, among other things, a reduction in employment in certain jobs. The largest scale of applied automation of economic processes and, at the same time, the largest scale of employment reduction was and is generated for those jobs that are characterized by a high level of repetition of certain activities. The activities carried out by employees that are characterized by a high level of repetitiveness were usually the first ones that could be and have been replaced by technology in a relatively simple way. this is also the case today in the era of the fifth technological revolution, in which highly advanced intelligent information systems and autonomous androids equipped with generative artificial intelligence technologies contribute to the reduction of employment in companies and enterprises where humans are replaced by such technology. A particular manifestation of these trends are the group layoffs announced starting in 2022 of employees, including IT specialists in technology companies that the aforementioned advanced technologies of Industry 4.0/5.0 are also creating, developing and implementing into their economic processes carried out in the aforementioned technology companies. Recently, there have been a lot of different kinds of predictive analysis results in the media suggesting which occupations and professions previously performed by people are most at risk of increasing unemployment in the future due to the development of business applications of generative artificial intelligence technologies. In the first months of ChatGPT's release, the Internet was dominated by a number of publications suggesting that a significant portion of jobs in many industries will be replaced by AI technology over the next few decades. Then, after another few months of the development of applications of intelligent chatbots, but also the revelation of many controversies and risks associated with it such as the development of cybercrime and disinformation on the Internet, this dominant opinion began to change in the direction of slightly less pessimistic. these less pessimistic opinions suggest that the technology of generative artificial intelligence does not necessarily deprive the majority of employees in companies and enterprises of their jobs only the majority of employees will be forced to use these new tools, applications, information systems equipped with AI technology as part of their work. Besides, the scale of the impact of new technologies on labor markets will probably not be the same across industries and sectors of the economy.

I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz