January 2010
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155 Reads
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Publications (29)
January 2010
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55 Reads
January 2009
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189 Reads
January 2008
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85 Reads
39 Reads
13 Reads
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1 Citation
67 Reads
Ladefoged and Maddieson (1996) separate /l/ sounds and /r/ sounds as laterals and rhotics respectively. They claim that traditionally English /l/ and /r/ phonemes have been grouped together as 'liquids' because they share certain phonetic and phonological characteristics. Phonetically liquids often form a special class in the phonetics of a language, for instance, segments of this class are often those with the greatest freedom to occur in consonant clusters. Furthermore, quite a few languages have a single underlying liquid phoneme which varies between a lateral and a rhotic pronunciation. Ladefoged and Maddieson (1996) describe laterals as sounds in which the tongue contacts the palate in such a way as to narrow its profile from side to side so that a greater volume of air flows around one or both sides than over the centre of the tongue. And they describe the core membership of the class of rhotics as formed by segments in which there is a single or repeated brief contact between the tongue and a point on the upper surface of the vocal tract, i.e. principally apical trills, taps and flaps. Linguists therefore use different ways of classifying /l/ and /r/ phonemes. In this paper, possible problems that Japanese learners of English encounter when learning English as their second language. It has been widely known that Japanese learners find it most difficult to acquire English /l/ and /r/. This paper will investigate the issues from the point of phonology and phonetics.
58 Reads
75 Reads
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1 Citation
12 Reads
Citations (3)
... The second column from the left shows the tendency consistent with the results of the UEEs, when using another ESL test, the Paul Nation Vocabulary Test (PNVT) (Nation, 2001), which is a widely used test in ESL research (r00.81 and n0159) (Kasai, Maki, & Niinuma, 2005). Also, the same tendency was observed in the surveys with other ESL tests and other populations: (1) the College Scholastic Achievement Test (CSAT) (English Part) 2005 taken by Korean university freshmen, which is a common Korean UEE (The Korea Institute of Curriculum & Evaluation (KICE), 2007) (r00.61 and n0155) (Maki, Kasai, Goto, Lee, et al., 2006); (2) the PNVT taken by Chinese university freshmen in 2005 (r00.70 and n 0549) (Maki, Bai, Kasai, Goto, & Hashimoto, 2007); and (3) the Shinken-Examination (English part) in 2005, which is a mock examination for the Japanese UEEs, taken by second grade high school students (r00.63 and n 0135) (Maki, Morita, et al., 2007). The significance level was again set at 0.05. ...
- Citing Article
- Full-text available
... The second column from the left shows the tendency consistent with the results of the UEEs, when using another ESL test, the Paul Nation Vocabulary Test (PNVT) (Nation, 2001), which is a widely used test in ESL research (r00.81 and n0159) (Kasai, Maki, & Niinuma, 2005). Also, the same tendency was observed in the surveys with other ESL tests and other populations: (1) the College Scholastic Achievement Test (CSAT) (English Part) 2005 taken by Korean university freshmen, which is a common Korean UEE (The Korea Institute of Curriculum & Evaluation (KICE), 2007) (r00.61 and n0155) (Maki, Kasai, Goto, Lee, et al., 2006); (2) the PNVT taken by Chinese university freshmen in 2005 (r00.70 and n 0549) (Maki, Bai, Kasai, Goto, & Hashimoto, 2007); and (3) the Shinken-Examination (English part) in 2005, which is a mock examination for the Japanese UEEs, taken by second grade high school students (r00.63 and n 0135) (Maki, Morita, et al., 2007). The significance level was again set at 0.05. ...
- Citing Article
... Faktor-faktor seperti umur, kebolehan kognitif, motivasi dan gaya pembelajaran menyumbang kepada pemerolehan bahasa pelajar. Pelajar yang lebih muda umumnya mempunyai keupayaan yang lebih baik untuk memperoleh sebutan seperti penutur natif, manakala pelajar yang lebih berusia mungkin bergantung pada corak bahasa sedia ada, yang boleh menyebabkan gangguan bahasa (Kasai, 2004). ...
- Citing Article
- Full-text available