Zi-Long Zhao's research while affiliated with Beihang University (BUAA) and other places
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Publications (79)
Shape and topology optimization problems are usually associated with geometrical restrictions. Effective control of structural complexity during the optimization process is important for various considerations, e.g., functionality, manufacturability, and aesthetics. Most existing approaches characterize structural complexity as the number of caviti...
Owing to advancement in advanced manufacturing technology, the reinforcement design of concrete structures has become an important topic in structural engineering. Based on bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO), a new approach is developed in this study to optimize the reinforcement layout in steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) str...
The morphogenesis of plant organs and tissues has fascinated scientists for centuries. However, it remains a challenge to quantitatively decipher the biomechanical mechanisms underlying the morphological evolutions of growing plants. In this study, we investigate the formation, optimization, and evolution mechanisms of plant roots through biomechan...
Structural topology optimization has undergone tremendous developments in the past three decades. Making the most of high-performance computing resources contributes to broadening the application of topology optimization in large-scale design problems. In this paper, a subdomain-based parallel strategy is proposed for general three-dimensional topo...
Shells are widely used in architectural and engineering design due to their appealing geometry and efficient structural form. However, designing free-form shells with specific geometrical patterns remains a challenging issue as both aesthetical and
mechanical properties need to be considered. Based on structural topology optimization, this paper de...
Ribbed slabs are widely used in the building industry. Designing ribbed slabs through conventional engineering techniques leads to limited structural forms, low structural performance and high material waste. Topology optimization is a powerful tool for generating free-form and highly efficient structures. In this research, we develop a mapping con...
The bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation (BESO) has attracted much interest in recent decades. However, the high computational cost of the topology optimisation method hinders its applications in large-scale industrial designs. In this study, a parallel BESO method is developed to solve high-resolution topology optimisation problems....
The aim of the paper is twofold: First, we generalize the non-relativistic Horava–Lifshitz four-dimensional black hole solution to include the electric charge to show a correspondence with the charged AdS solution in four-dimensional Einstein Gauss–Bonnet theory, and then we explore the phenomenological aspects of this black hole solution. Among ot...
Shell structures are widely used in architectural design and civil engineering. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously optimize their shape, thickness, and topology under various design constraints and construction requirements. This work presents a method for the shape–thickness–topology coupled optimization of shell structures. In this...
Through natural selection, living systems have evolved elegant hierarchical structures with excellent mechanical properties and efficient biological functions. The helical tendrils of climbing plants are known for their intriguing geometry and superior deformability. Many engineering materials are vulnerable to plastic strain localization, and the...
Shape and topology optimization techniques aim to maximize structural performance through material redistribution. Effectively controlling structural complexity during the form-finding process remains a challenging issue. Structural complexity is usually characterized by the number of connected components (e.g., beams and bars), tunnels, and caviti...
The growth and development of biological tissues and organs strongly depend on the requirements of their multiple functions. Plant veins yield efficient nutrient transport and withstand various external loads. Victoria cruziana, a tropical species of the Nymphaeaceae family of water lilies, has evolved a network of three-dimensional and rugged vein...
Necking is an instability phenomenon widely observed in metallic and polymeric materials. On the basis of the minimum energy barrier criterion, we propose a theoretical method, combined with Monte Carlo simulations, to predict the linear instability and post-bifurcation behavior of materials with a non-convex constitutive law. For illustration, thi...
Topology optimization has rapidly developed as a powerful tool of structural design in multiple disciplines. Conventional topology optimization techniques usually optimize the material layout within a predefined, fixed design domain. Here, we propose a subdomain-based method that performs topology optimization in an adaptive design domain (ADD). A...
Biological materials have evolved various degrees of robustness against microscopic defects and structural randomness. Of particular interest here is whether and how nacre's brick–mortar microstructure suppresses the adverse effect of microstructural randomness. To this end, a tension–shear–chain (TSC) network model, combined with the virtual inter...
Purpose-Furniture plays a significant role in daily life. Advanced computational and manufacturing technologies provide new opportunities to create novel, high-performance and customized furniture. This paper aims to enhance furniture design and production by developing a new workflow in which computer graphics, topology optimization and advanced m...
Purpose
Furniture plays a significant role in daily life. Advanced computational and manufacturing technologies provide new opportunities to create novel, high-performance and customized furniture. This paper aims to enhance furniture design and production by developing a new workflow in which computer graphics, topology optimization and advanced m...
The unique, hierarchical patterns of leaf veins have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, it remains unclear how biological and mechanical factors influence the topology of leaf veins. In this paper, we investigate the optimization mechanisms of leaf veins through a combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulatio...
In this work, the relativistic particle with the action of the generalized exponential potential is studied in the Dirac equation in the context of minimum length, subsequently finding a suitable variable substitution and giving its wave function and explicit energy spectrum by using the Bethe ansatz method. Further, we will see that this research...
The relativistic quantum dynamics of the generalized Klein-Gordon (KG) oscillator having position-dependent mass in the G\"{o}del-type space-time is investigated. We have presented the generalized KG oscillator in this space-time, and discussed the effect of Cornell potential and linear potential for our considered system. The modification from the...
The generalized Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) oscillator with electromagnetic interactions in the curved space-times are investigated. We introduce firstly the generalized DKP oscillator in Som-Raychaudhuri space-time with Cornell potential. Then, we consider the electromagnetic interactions into the generalized DKP oscillator. The energy eigenvalues...
A new theoretical method is proposed to predict the elastoplastic behavior of three ductile metallic materials, including mild steel Q235, high strength low alloy steel HSLA350, and aluminum alloy AL6061. Using this method, only basic experimental parameters are needed for estimating the pre-necking true stress–strain relation. The evolution of the...
The generalized Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau (DKP) oscillator with electromagnetic interactions in the curved spacetimes is investigated. We introduce firstly the generalized DKP oscillator in Som–Raychaudhuri spacetime with Cornell potential. Then, we consider the electromagnetic interactions into the generalized DKP oscillator. The energy eigenvalues and...
Considering that curved space-time in coordinate or momentum representation should be curved, this paper proposes a new high-order generalized uncertainty principle by modifying the coordinate and momentum operator simultaneously, which could give a self-consistent phenomenological explanation for the existence of the minimum observable length. Mor...
The relativistic quantum dynamics of the generalized Klein–Gordon (KG) oscillator having position-dependent mass in the Gödel-type space–time is investigated. We have presented the generalized KG oscillator in this space–time, and discussed the effect of Cornell potential and linear potential for our considered system. The modification from the par...
Localization of plastic strain, also known as necking, is an important failure mechanism of metals. Although metals are widely used in engineering, it remains unclear how the necking zones evolve during loading process. In this work, strain localization is investigated experimentally in three types of metallic materials, including mild steel Q235,...
Previous studies on topology optimization subject to stress constraints usually considered von Mises or Drucker–Prager criterion. In some engineering applications, e.g., the design of concrete structures, the maximum first principal stress (FPS) must be controlled in order to prevent concrete from cracking under tensile stress. This paper presents...
Topology optimization is a powerful tool for designing engineering structures. Conventional topology optimization cannot fully satisfy industrial needs and may not be able to design, e.g., concrete structures. Based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) technique, we develop a simple and efficient method for controlling...
Topology optimization techniques have been widely used to generate innovative and expressive forms in structural designs. Performance-based optimization tools should provide a diversity of design options to the designers, which allow them to integrate their own preference such as aesthetic considerations in the form-finding process. Here we propose...
This paper proposes a new high-order generalized uncertainty principle, which can modify the momentum operator and position operator simultaneously. Moreover, the new form of GUP is consistent with the viewpoint of the existence of the minimum length uncertainty and the maximum observable momentum proposed by the mainstream quantum gravity theory....
Experimental and theoretical efforts are combined in this work to investigate the post-necking behavior of metals, including mild steel Q235, high strength low alloy steel HSLA350, and aluminum alloy AL6061. Axial strain and instantaneous cross-sectional diameter of the specimens were measured using a three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D...
Cell division is central for embryonic development, tissue morphogenesis, and tumor growth. Experiments have evidenced that mitotic cell division is manipulated by the intercellular cues such as cell-cell junctions. However, it still remains unclear how these cortical-associated cues mechanically affect the mitotic spindle machinery, which determin...
Based on \( 3\times 3\) irreducible representation of Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau (DKP) algebras, we obtain the bound-states energy spectrum, the wave function and the probability density of DKP oscillator with linear potential under the effect of Generalized Uncertainty Principle in the momentum space representation. In addition, the numerical results of...
Topology optimization techniques have been widely used in structural design. Conventional optimization techniques usually are aimed at achieving the globally optimal solution which maximizes the structural performance. In practical applications, however, designers usually desire to have multiple design options, as the single optimal design often li...
In this paper, theoretical and numerical methods are combined to investigate the two-dimensional, cylindrical indentation of an elastic soft layer bonded on a rigid substrate. By incorporating the Gurtin–Murdoch’s theory of surface elasticity into the Kerr model, we account for surface effects on the indentation behavior of a soft layer. The govern...
Topology optimization is increasingly used in lightweight designs for additive manufacturing (AM). However, conventional optimization techniques do not fully consider manufacturing constraints. One important requirement of powder-based AM processes is that enclosed voids in the designs must be avoided in order to remove and reuse the unmelted powde...
Nature provides inspirations for solving many challenging scientific and technological problems. In this study, a computational methodology is developed for the morphological optimization of three-dimensional, multi-component biological organs. The structural optimization of scorpion telson, which consists of a curved stinger and a venom container,...
Structural shape and topology optimization has undergone tremendous developments in recent years due to its important applications in many fields. However, effectively controlling the structural complexity of the optimization result remains a challenging issue. The structural complexity is usually characterized by the distribution and geometries of...
For the development of advanced robots, there is an increasing demand to design self-adaptive envelope graspers that can take objects of unknown shapes, sizes, and softness. Inspired by the predation strategy of sea anemones, we propose a soft actuator by filling liquid into a torus. When a pulling force is applied at the interior skin of the torus...
The mechanical properties and biological functions of tissues and organs in plants are closely related to their structural forms. In this study, we have performed systematic measurements and found that the leaves and stalks of several species of emergent plants exhibit morphologies of twisting and gradient chirality. Inspired by the experimental fi...
Topology optimization techniques are widely used to maximize the performance or minimize the weight of a structure through optimally distributing its material within a prescribed design domain. However, existing optimization techniques usually produce a single optimal solution for a given set of loading and boundary conditions. In architectural des...
Shape and topology optimization techniques are widely used to maximize the performance or minimize the weight of a structure through optimally distributing its material within a prescribed design domain. However, existing optimization techniques usually produce a single optimal solution for a given problem. In practice, it is highly desirable to ob...
Owing to their exquisite geometric structures and excellent mechanical properties, spider orb webs possess an outstanding ability to capture flying prey. In this work, we report a mechanism that enhances the energy absorption ability of spider webs. Through systematic measurements of the mechanical properties of both spiral and radial silks, we fin...
It remains a puzzling issue why and how the organs in plants living in the same natural environment evolve into a wide variety of geometric architecture. In this work, we explore, through a combination of experimental and numerical methods, the biomechanical morphogenesis of the leaves and stalks of representative emergent plants, which can stand u...
In this paper, we propose a general mechanism to realize a uniform global motion of an n-level hierarchical structure constructed by base components of various shapes, which has only n degrees of freedom. The uniform global motion of the components at the same level of hierarchy is synchronized and independent of movements at other levels. The sign...
A common spinning toy, called “buzzer”, consists of a perforated disk and flexible threads. Despite of its simple construction, a buzzer can effectively transfer translational motions into high-speed rotations. In the present work, we find that the disk can be spun by hand at an extremely high rotational speed, e.g., 200,000 rpm, which is much fast...
Pump drill is an easily constructed ancient device that has been used for centuries to start fires and bore holes. It can effectively transfer rhythmic translational motions into vibratory, bi-directional rotary insertions. Here we explore, both experimentally and theoretically, the kinematics, dynamics, and potential applications of pump drills. T...
In the present work, the generalized Kemmer oscillator was introduced in one dimension. It is shown that the exact solutions of generalized Kemmer oscillator with some appropriate choices of the interactions f(x) have been obtained by using the Nikiforov–Uvarov (NU) method. Moreover, several interesting cases are discussed.
Cell spreading is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. The spreading behavior of a cell significantly depends on its microenvironment, but the biochemomechanical mechanisms of geometry-confined cell spreading remain unclear. A dynamic model is here established to investigate the spreading of cells confined in a finite region w...
Cattail or Typha, an emergent aquatic macrophyte widely distributed in lakes and other shallow water areas, has slender blades with a chiral morphology. The wind-resilient Typha blades can produce distinct hydraulic resistance for ecosystem functions. However, their stem may rupture and dislodge in excessive wind drag. In this paper, we combine flu...
Chiral structures have many technologically significant applications in engineering. In this paper, we investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, the structural transformation from a symmetric X-shaped tensegrity to a chiral structure under uniaxial tension. When the applied tensile force exceeds a critical value, the initially achiral str...
Through natural selection, many plant organs have evolved optimal morphologies at different length scales. However, the biomechanical strategies for different plant species to optimize their organ structures remain unclear. Here, we investigate several species of aquatic macrophytes living in the same natural environment but adopting distinctly dif...
Through natural selection, many animal organs with similar functions have evolved different macroscopic morphologies and microscopic structures. Here, we comparatively investigate the structures, properties, and functions of honey bee stings and paper wasp stings. Their elegant structures were systematically observed. To examine their behaviors of...
Twisting chirality is widely observed in artificial and natural materials and structures at different length scales. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the effect of twisting chiral morphology on the mechanical properties of elastic beams by using the Timoshenko beam model. Particular attention is paid to the transverse bending and axial b...
Citations
... In recent years, several optimization methods, e.g., the homogenization method [1,2], the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method [2,3], the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method [4][5][6][7], and the level-set method [8,9] have undergone tremendous development. These methods have been successfully extended to a wide range of engineering applications, including advanced manufacturing [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], architectural design [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], biomechanical morphogenesis [25][26][27][28][29], civil engineering [30][31][32][33][34][35], and metamaterials [36,37]. Although remarkable progress has been made in topology optimization, it remains a challenging issue to directly control the structural complexity in three-dimensional optimization problems. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272901375000579-1442076166368_Q64/Yi-Xie-28.jpg)
... A widely used topology optimisation technique is the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation (BESO) method; it allows inefficient and efficient elements to be simultaneously removed and added, generating clear 0/1 designs to represent material density distributions [2]. As shown in Figures 1(a)-(e), the BESO method has been employed in numerous novel practical applications, including bridges [3], furniture [4] and architectural designs [5,6]. ...
... In recent years, significant work has been done on HL gravity and its cosmological aspects (see [7] for an extensive review), including several early extensions attempting to cure some of its initial problems [3,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], as well as studies of black holes [21], dark energy [22], the black-hole shadow [23,24], gravitational waves [25,26], and many more (see [7]). There has been also a lot of discussion on its problems and inconsistencies (see e.g. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/11431281166462132-1686235824850_Q64/Kimet-Jusufi.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/979922554216449-1610643151584_Q64/H-Hassanabadi.jpg)
... In recent years, several optimization methods, e.g., the homogenization method [1,2], the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method [2,3], the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method [4][5][6][7], and the level-set method [8,9] have undergone tremendous development. These methods have been successfully extended to a wide range of engineering applications, including advanced manufacturing [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], architectural design [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], biomechanical morphogenesis [25][26][27][28][29], civil engineering [30][31][32][33][34][35], and metamaterials [36,37]. Although remarkable progress has been made in topology optimization, it remains a challenging issue to directly control the structural complexity in three-dimensional optimization problems. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/1024713799237634-1621322216264_Q64/Yulin-Xiong.jpg)
... Using this method, the optimization mechanism underlying the unique pattern of the internal parenchyma of emergent plants has been revealed. Through a combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulations, it is found that the elaborate topology of leaf veins is closely related to, e.g., the transport efficiency of water and nutrients, and the capability of loading bearing (Lin et al., 2020;Ma et al., 2021;Zhang et al., 2022). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/601361171361793-1520387084799_Q64/Wei-Fang-11.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/447430266232834-1483687096736_Q64/Huichan-Zhao.jpg)