Zhongmin Su’s research while affiliated with Hainan University and other places

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Publications (673)


Cadmium MOF-Based Varied {Cd 2 } Clusters as Multifunctional Fluorescence Sensors to Detect Fe 3+ , Cr 2 O 7 2– , TNP, and NFT
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March 2025

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2 Reads

Langmuir

Jiao Li

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Yan Shao

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Xiao Li

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[...]

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Zhongmin Su


Molecular design and leaf‐inspired mechanism of the actuator (scale bar, 1 cm). a) Oxalis corniculata and its pulvini structure with a simulation illustrating the nyctinastic movement mechanism of the pulvini cells. b) The synthesis of the polyurethane actuator and the synergistic regulation of bio‐inspired turgor‐like movement of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic differentiated network structure. c) Time‐dependent LFNMR curves of the actuator during deformation. d) SAXS curves and 2D diagram of the actuator at 0 and 1200 s during the morphing. e) AFM phase image of the actuator at 0 and 1200 s during morphing.
Swelling motion process of the polyurethane actuators (scale bar, 1 cm). a) Stress–strain curves of WPU‐A, WPU‐B, and WPU‐B'. b) Optical microscope images of the WPU‐A film self‐healed at 60 °C (I‐II) and 25 °C (III‐VI). c) Comparison of the self‐healing efficiency at 25 and 60 °C. d) Swelling kinetics equation fitting curve and e) diffusion coefficient of the WPU‐A and WPU‐B' films in an aqueous solution at 25 °C. f) Bending angle of the polyurethane actuator during the swelling process. The angle α was ascertained through the measurement of the angle formed by the tangent lines at each end of the spline. g) Number of bending cycles quantified by the ratio of the maximum bending angle to the initial bending angle. h) Deformative process of an 8 mm × 1 mm × 1.5 mm film over time, with transient deformation behavior simulated using a finite element model. With increasing water diffusion time, models of i) 3D water absorption, j) 2D water absorption, and k) 2D von‐Mises stress distribution were generated.
Multi‐color and multi‐stimuli response of the actuator, and material design and optical performance characterization. a) Wavelength redshift range of WPU‐A/Eu³⁺(3.5) emission tuning. b,c) Emission‐tuned fluorescence spectra and corresponding CIE diagram of WPU‐A/Eu³⁺(0.5). d) Average fluorescence lifetime of WPU‐A/Eu³⁺(3.5). e) Alkaline quenching fluorescence emission spectra of the WPU‐A/Eu³⁺(3.5). Inset: Images of WPU‐A/Eu³⁺(3.5). f) Fluorescence spectra of the WPU‐A/Eu³⁺(3.5) after temperature treatments. Inset: Temperature quenching cycle of WPU‐A/Eu³⁺(3.5). g) Fluorescence emission images of films with increasing Eu(PHBA)4 mass fractions (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3.5 wt.%). h) Fluorescence emission images of the WPU‐A composite films containing different fluorophores. Top row: Eu(PHBA)4, Eu(PHBA)3phen, Tb(PHBA)4, Et3NH[Eu(DBM)4], Eu(PHBA)4+Tb(PHBA)4 (Eu/Tb = 1/1), and Eu(PHBA)4+Tb(PHBA)4 (Eu/Tb = 0.45/0.55). Bottom row: multi‐color fluorescence material with different proportions and mass fractions of fluorophores. i) CIE color diagram showing the achievable color range and white light emission coordinates. j) Fluorescence emission mapping spectra of the samples. k) Corresponding CIE coordinates at excitation wavelengths of 280, 336, and 365 nm.
3D information encryption applications (scale bar, 1 cm). a) Deformation sequence of a 13 mm × 1 mm × 1.5 mm film, demonstrating progressive curling into a spiral shape over time as water diffuses through the material. b) Flower‐shaped cryptograms prepared from tunable composite materials, showing responsiveness to multiple stimuli, including specific excitation wavelengths, acidic and basic environments, and temperature variations. Specific luminescent components I: 0.2% Eu(PHBA)4; II: 1% Eu(PHBA)4 + 1% Tb(PHBA)4; III:1% Et3NH[Eu(DBM)4]; IV: 1% Tb(PHBA)4. c) Alphabetical cryptograms created with composite materials tuned for a simultaneous response to excitation wavelengths and temperature changes.
4D encryption model. a) Top: Encoding scheme for a 4 × 4 pixel array. The upper layer represents the 2‐bit encoding rule for each pixel point and the 3D layout of the initial 4 × 4 array encoded information concealed. Bottom: encrypted physical image demonstrating the multi‐stimulus response, with each pixel represented at a scale of 8 mm. b) Time‐dependent 3 × 2 pixel matrix 4D encryption mode combining swelling deformation (scale bar, 1 cm). c) The remodeled film under daylight and excited at 365 nm reveals the dots of the encryption chip, which then decodes the corresponding information.
4D Encryption System: Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Polyurethane Actuators with Smart Color Switching for High‐Capacity Data Storage
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

March 2025

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25 Reads

Natural communication methods have influenced the creation of sophisticated artificial materials capable of coherent and abundant responses to stimuli, a crucial necessity for developing applications such as dynamic encryption systems and high‐density information storage. However, existing materials for encryption and information storage are limited by predictable, single‐stimulus responses and lack the capacity for dynamic, continuous, and programmable changes. To address this gap, a bioinspired multicolor fluorescent polyurethane actuator is developed that combines dynamic color and shape adaptability within a single material platform. This smart actuator mimics the turgor‐driven movements of Oxalis corniculata through a hydrophilic/hydrophobic network that enables water diffusion, hydrogen bonding, and dynamic bond exchange. It responds to multiple stimuli, including temperature, pH, and excitation wavelength, exhibiting reversible multi‐state deformations and programmable fluorescence across red, green, blue, and even white light. The deformation behavior is supported by finite element simulations, ensuring precise control and predictability. Additionally, the tunable trichromatic fluorescence of the actuator underpins a 3D and 4D information encoding system, demonstrating increased information storage capacity and encryption security. The employment of micro‐processing technology in the fabrication of micro‐hidden optical encryption chips has been demonstrated, thus paving the way for underwater communication encryption technologies and adaptive materials.

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a) Precursors of PAC‐1. b) The octahedral structure of cage molecule in PAC‐1. c) Situation at cage window. d) The window‐to‐window packing in cage and π–π interactions between neighboring cage by π–π interaction in PAC‐1. e) Two pore cavities exist in the channel ‐I: a cage cavity inside the cage molecule itself (yellow sphere) and a window cavity between neighboring cage through the window (π – π channel, green).
a) Schematic packing diagram of cage cavity and π–π channel. b) Schematic packing diagram of channel‐I (green) and channel‐II (blue). c) The FTIR spectrum and d) PXRD patterns of the sample after soaking different solvent and removal.
a) Adsorption isotherms of C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 on PAC‐1 at 298 K. b) Qst for C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 on PAC‐1, respectively. c) Breakthrough curve of equimolar C2H2/C2H4/C2H6 ternary mixtures at 298 K. d) The IAST selectivity of PAC‐1 for equimolar C2H2/C2H4, at 298 K. e) The IAST selectivity of PAC‐1 for equimolar C2H6/C2H4, at 298 K. f) Performance comparison chart of representative materials.
a) The interaction energy between the π–π channels and a single C2 molecule moving along z‐axis. Schematic adsorption sites for b) C2H2 and c) C2H4 in π–π channel obtained from theoretical calculations. d) The interaction energy between the adsorbent and a single C2 molecule in cage. Schematic adsorption sites for e) C2H6 and f) C2H4 in cage obtained from theoretical calculations. For clarity, the hydrogen atoms of the ligands are omitted and the hydrogen atoms of C2 gas molecules are in green. The dashed lines show the weak interactions between the gas molecule and the pore surface (Red: C─H…π interactions, yellow: C─H…O interaction, green: π–π interaction).
Organic Cage with Interconnected Aromatic Cavity‐Channel Pores for One‐Step Purification of Ethylene

Constructing a metal‐free adsorbent for one‐step separation of C2H4 from mixture gas of C2, is of great significance and challenging. Here, a porous aromatic cage (PAC‐1) based on aldehyde‐amine condensation is reported with diamond‐like interconnected aromatic cavity‐channel pores for one‐step purification of ethylene. PAC‐1 exhibits superior C2H2 (52.6 cm³ g⁻¹) and C2H6 (46.7 cm³ g⁻¹) uptakes as well as impressive C2H2/C2H4 selectivity (1.5) and C2H6/C2H4 selectivity (1.4), remaining at the forefront of the advanced C2H4‐selective adsorbents of porous non‐metallic materials. The C2H4 adsorption enthalpy (Qst) of PAC‐1 is of 23.6 kJ mol⁻¹, which requires less energy to regenerate than conventional MOF materials. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that PAC‐1 can reduce the penetration rate of C2H6 or C2H2 through the adsorbent, and present quite valuable one‐step separation of C2H4 from C2H2/C2H6/C2H4 mixture gas. Molecular simulations and DFT studies have shown that oxygen sites and C─H sites in the channels are more favorable for C2H2 anchor with interaction energy over C2H4 by 1.48 kcal mol⁻¹, and the C─H…π interaction point in cage cavity is preferred to C2H6 with the interaction energy over C2H4 by 1.16 kcal mol⁻¹, which in turn results in the separation of C2H4 from C2H2 and C2H6.


Citations (16)


... Currently, energy production and environmental pollution pose severe challenges that constrain the sustainable development of human society. The overexploitation and widespread use of fossil fuels lead to resource depletion and environmental degradation, including greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric pollution [1]. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop clean and efficient energy conversion technologies [2]. ...

Reference:

Advanced Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Application of Nanocomposites in Covalent Organic Framework-Based Electrocatalysts

... Luminescent coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks constitute a perspective class of sensors for inorganic cations and anions [19][20][21][22][23][24], small organic molecules [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and biomarkers [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. However, no MOF-based luminescent probes for SO 4 2− anions were reported so far. ...

Lanthanide MOF-based luminescent sensor array for detection and identification of contaminants in water and biomarkers
  • Citing Article
  • September 2024

Talanta

... To further elucidate the exceptional catalytic performance of the prepared catalysts, electrochemical double-layer capacitance (Cdl) measurements were utilized to assess the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of several electrocatalysts (Figures 3h and S24). [49] The calculated Cdl values for SUZ-101-H, SUZ-101-Co, SUZ-101-Ni, and CB were 3.84 mF cm −2 , 14.46 mF cm −2 , 7.78 mF cm −2 , and 2.33 mF cm −2 , respectively. This data indicates that SUZ-101-Co exposes a greater number of active sites during the ORR and OER, showcasing superior catalytic activity compared to the other synthesized electrocatalysts. ...

Ionic covalent organic framework-MXene heterojunction constructed by electrostatic interaction for stable electrocatalytic hydrogen generation
  • Citing Article
  • September 2024

Chemical Engineering Journal

... Furthermore, C 60 -encapsulated PAC-2 can be utilized as an electrochemical chiral sensor on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) for the detection of the chiral compound L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), achieving a detection limit of 2.8 mM. 88 Recently, Khashab et al. reported three cases of POCs with varying hydroxyl substitutions; notably, OC1, a [2 + 3] cage, synthesized from 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and (1R, 2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, featuring a higher number of hydroxyl groups exhibited keto-enol tautomerism and demonstrated increased stability, biocompatibility, photostability, and cell permeability. Consequently, the organic cage (OC1) shows promise as an effective mitochondrial fluorescent probe. ...

A porous aromatic cage-based electrochemical sensor for enantioselective recognition of DOPA
  • Citing Article
  • June 2024

Chemical Communications

... Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, 19 (2), 2024, 147-156 Table 2 shows that interference materials (salt, lipid/waxes) obtained in the methanol extract of MECp were about 30%. Tian et al. (2024) supported this, who reported the presence of large quantities of inorganic salts in marine invertebrate extracts from sponges and tunicates. ...

Facile synthesis of MIL-88A/PVA sponge for rapid tetracycline antibiotics degradation via sulfate radical-advanced oxidation processes
  • Citing Article
  • May 2024

Separation and Purification Technology

... However, most previously reported MPs exhibit an electrochemical conversion reaction mechanism near the Na/Na + reduction potential, with one exception to the topotactic insertion/extraction reaction mechanism observed in the V 4 P 7 phase [70]. In addition, the electrochemically active composition of MnP, VP 2 , and FeP 2 , etc., in LIBs indicates less activity in SIB applications [71]. In the case of P-rich MPs, their electrochemical performances exhibit highly promising anode materials for SIBs due to their exceptionally high specific capacity and low operating potentials (ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 V vs. Na/Na + ), such as in the case of NiP 3 , MnP 4 , and CrP 4 [72][73][74]. ...

Progress of metal phosphides as the anode materials for sodium ion batteries
  • Citing Article
  • May 2024

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

... By comparing the excitation spectra of Zn-BDPT with the UV-vis absorption spectrum of 3-NT (Figure 9a), it can be observed that the spectra had a large overlap, indicating that the internal filtration effect was the considerable factor leading to the quenching of luminescence [44]. However, there is a partial overlap between the emission spectra and the UV-vis spectra of 3-NT (Figure 9b), demonstrating that Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is another reason for the luminescence quenching effect [45]. ...

Multifunctional Cadmium-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Detection of Ion and Molecule in Aqueous Media
  • Citing Article
  • March 2024

Crystal Growth & Design

... The predetermined, recognizable, and practical nature of the technique has led to its wide application in many fields (e.g., chromatographic separation [30], bionic sensing [31], clinical drug analysis [32], etc.). Methods exist to combine MIT with SERS for selective SERS detection [33]. Among them, the molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by precipitation polymerization were characterized by good dispersion and high yield [34,35]. Preparation of a layer of molecularly imprinted polymer on the surface of the SERS membrane can significantly enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of the assay. ...

Light-Initiated Imprinted Membrane-Based Biomimetic SERS Sensor toward Selective Detection of Trace MC-LR
  • Citing Article
  • April 2024

Analytical Chemistry

... Extensive exploration has been conducted in the application of electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, gas storage/separation, and host-guest recognition due to its tunable porous structures and interesting surface chemistry advantages [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The specific response of MOFs toward different targets, such as metal ions [20][21][22], anions [23][24][25][26], amino acids [27,28], toxic organic pollutant molecules [29], pesticides [30,31], antibiotics [32][33][34], and bio-molecules [35][36][37][38], may be related to interactions including π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding, or coordination bonding. At present, many luminescent MOFs have excellent properties and can detect special substances through emission changes. ...

Lanthanide metal organic frameworks as fluorescence sensors for temperature and antibiotics differentiation
  • Citing Article
  • April 2024

Dyes and Pigments

... The positive shift of Cu(111) peak, which has been correlated to compression of the corresponding lattice, suggests that the Cu(111) lattice is compressed during synthesis. [18,29] The trend breaks off as the Cu(111) peak for L 90 ─Cu backtracks slightly, indicating strain relaxation. [30] From the UV-Vis absorption spectra of the pre-irradiation Cu sol-gel and L 60 ─Cu, a decrease in absorbance intensity of the band at ≈234 nm after irradiation indicates the decomposition of the Cu chelate ring (Figure 1d). ...

Mastering the Lattice Strain in Bismuth‐Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient CO2‐to‐Formate Conversion