Zhonglin Wen's research while affiliated with Guangzhou Normal University and other places
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Publications (78)
Introduction:
Despite much cross-sectional research linking prosocial behavior and meaning in life, few studies have investigated the longitudinal relationship between these two constructs. The article examines the bidirectional longitudinal association between prosocial behavior and meaning in life among junior high school students.
Methods:
A...
In recent years, multilevel mediation and multilevel moderation have been frequently used in social sciences, respectively. However, if they are integrated together, there are totally 12 kinds of multilevel moderated mediation models: 2 (multilevel mediation type) ×2 (level of moderator) ×3 (moderated mediation path). First, there are two types of...
To examine relationships between the global construct of multidimensional data and external criteria, bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) and traditional methods (e.g., unidimensional confirmatory factor analyses, CFA; parceled CFA; and bifactor models) can be used. We compared their performance in a Monte Carlo simulation st...
When a mediation effect is moderated by a moderator, the effect is termed moderated mediation and the model is a moderated mediation model. Given that the categorical variable is frequently encountered in social science studies, how to analyze moderated mediation models with the categorical variable becomes a noteworthy issue. The methods for analy...
At present, the analysis of moderating effect is mainly based on cross sectional data. This article discusses how to analyze the moderating effect with longitudinal data. If the independent variable X and the dependent variable Y are longitudinal data, longitudinal moderation models can be divided into three categories according to the type of mode...
Moderation analysis is frequently applied to the studies of psychology and other social science disciplines. Empirical researchers working on experiments as well as questionnaire surveys are often interested in moderation effect because it can help explain how the direction and strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent vari...
The analysis of moderation effects has become an important statistical method in multivariate studies. Methodological research on moderation effects in China’s mainland covers the following topics: moderation effects of observed variables, latent variables, multi-level data and longitudinal data; the single-level moderation effect analysis based on...
Being able to analyze the influence mechanism of independent variables on dependent variables, the analysis of mediation effect has become an important statistical method in multivariate research. Since the first publication of Chinese paper on the mediation effect and its analytical methods in 2004, the mediation effect has become one focus of met...
Hypothesis testing is an important part of inferential statistics. Most reported statistical test results are based on the null hypothesis significance test (NHST). In the first two decades of the 21st century, the studies on hypothesis testing and related topics in China's mainland cover such topics as the deficiency of the null hypothesis signifi...
With the application of confirmatory factor analysis, research on reliability has entered a new stage. In the first two decades of the 21st century, the studies on test reliability (including point estimation and interval estimation) in China's mainland show three main lines of development.
The first line is the development from research centered o...
Longitudinal research could systematically capture the change of the target variable and thus is more convincing than cross-sectional research. It is popular in the fields of social sciences such as psychology, management, statistics, sociology, etc. The present study reviews the methodology study and model development for analyzing longitudinal da...
Structural equation modeling (SEM) is an important statistical method in social science research. In the first two decades of the 21st century, great progress has been made in methodological research on SEM in China's mainland. The publications cover five aspects: model development, parameter estimation, model evaluation, measurement invariance and...
In recent years, multiple regression has been widely used in social sciences to analyze the moderating effect. However, this practice was found to have at least four weaknesses. First, the concept of moderation is artificially treated as interaction. Second, the role of the predictor X is confounded with that of the moderator Z. That is, the roles...
Although childhood maltreatment has been shown to play an important role in adolescent cyberbullying perpetration, little is known about mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study investigated the mediating role of callous-unemotional traits in the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent cy...
The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and subjective well-being (SWB) has been widely discussed in empirical literature. However, most previous studies were cross-sectional and inadequate to assess directionality. The current study examines the prospective relationship between BMI and SWB by analyzing nationally representative longitudinal...
Mindfulness-based interventions have been found to mitigate neuroticism. However, the temporal order of these relationships in non-clinical individuals without mindfulness training remains unclear. This four-wave longitudinal study examined whether within-person changes in mindfulness precede or follow changes in neuroticism in a large sample of Ch...
Murphy (2021) argues that the field of Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology needs to pay more attention to descriptive statistics (“Table 1”; e.g., M, SD, reliability, correlations) when reporting and interpreting results. We agree that authors need to present a clear and transparent description of their data and that descriptive statistics a...
Background
Sleep duration is a vital public health topic, yet most existing studies have been limited to cross-sectional surveys or inconsistent classifications of sleep duration categories, and few characterized its continuous development process. The current study aimed to depict its change trajectory in the general population and identify associ...
Previous studies have suggested that heterogeneity existed on adolescent adjustment, yet few studies have examined the longitudinal stability and transition patterns for subgroups of adjustment. The current study conducted a 2-wave longitudinal study in a sample of adolescents (2422 students, 47.5% girls, Mage of adolescents at baseline = 12.78 yea...
Over the past 30 years, most efforts to test for mediation have been based on cross-sectional data, which may not to get causal inference. A possible solution for this could be to collect longitudinal data and perform a longitudinal mediation analysis. There are three causal arrows in a simple mediation model for analyzing a system of causality. If...
This article proposes a two-level moderated mediation (2moME) model with single level data, and develops measures to quantify the moderated mediation (moME) effect sizes for both the conventional moME model and the 2moME model. A Bayesian approach is developed to estimate and test moME effects and the corresponding effect sizes (ES). Monte Carlo re...
A total of 213 articles on psychological statistical methods have been published in 11 journals of psychology in Mainland China from 2001 to 2020. There are mainly 10 areas attractive to researchers (sorted by the number of papers): structural equation models (SEM), test reliability, mediation effect, effect size and testing power, longitudinal stu...
Composite reliability, or coefficient omega, can be estimated using structural equation modeling. Composite reliability is usually estimated under the basic independent clusters model of confirmatory factor analysis (ICM-CFA). However, due to the existence of cross-loadings, the model fit of the exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) is often...
In exploratory factor analysis (EFA), cross-loadings frequently occur in empirical research, but its effects on determining the number of factors to retain are seldom known. In this paper, we analyzed whether and how cross-loadings affected the performance of the parallel analysis (PA), the empirical Kaiser criterion (EKC), the likelihood ratio tes...
This study investigated the factor structure of the Work-Related Flow Inventory (WOLF) through the application of the bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) framework. Using a sample of 577 Chinese teachers, we contrasted a series of competing models, including CFA, ESEM, bifactor CFA, and B-ESEM models. The results suggested th...
Although callous-unemotional traits have been shown to play an important role in cyberbullying perpetration, little is known about mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. In the present study, we examined the mediating role of moral disengagement in the association between callous-unemotional traits and cyberbullying perpe...
Although childhood psychological maltreatment has been shown to play an important role in moral disengagement, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study examined whether callous-unemotional (CU) traits mediated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and moral diseng...
We compared six common methods in estimating the 2-1-1 (level-2 independent, level-1 mediator, level-1 dependent) multilevel mediation model with a random slope. They were the Bayesian with informative priors, the Bayesian with non-informative priors, the Monte-Carlo, the distribution of the product, the bias-corrected, and the bias-uncorrected par...
Because few sampling distributions of mediating effect are normally distributed, in recent years, some asymmetric interval methods such as parametric residual bootstrap, Monte Carlo methods, and Bayesian methods have been developed and proposed for analyzing multilevel mediation. These approaches do not impose the assumption of normality of the sam...
In view of the shortcomings of previous research on empathy (e.g., no dimensional differentiation, predominantly variable-centered approaches, and a lack of sample diversity), we adopted a person-centered approach to identify distinct profiles of empathy among Chinese preschool teachers, and we examined how these profiles relate to certain outcomes...
Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) is an approach for analysis of latent variables using exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the measurement model. This study compared ESEM with two dominant approaches for multiple regression with latent variables, structural equation modeling (SEM) and manifest regression analysis (MRA). Main find...
The analyses of moderated mediation effects are frequently applied to the studies of psychology, education, and other social science disciplines. A moderated mediation model is a combination of both moderation and mediation models. When a mediation effect is moderated by a moderator, the effect is termed moderated mediation and the model is a moder...
In recent years, multilevel models (MLM) have been frequently used for studying multilevel moderation in social sciences. However, there still exist sampling errors and measurement errors even after separating the between-group effects from the within-group effects of multilevel moderation. To solve this problem, a new method has been developed abr...
Self-report measures of empathy have several limitations, including conceptual confusion with similar constructs (especially sympathy), ambiguous item wording and lack of brief forms. The Measure of Empathy and Sympathy (MES) has made important gains in addressing these problems. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the MES based on...
The maximal reliability of a congeneric measure is achieved by weighting item scores to form the optimal linear combination as the total score; it is never lower than the composite reliability of the measure when measurement errors are uncorrelated. The statistical method that renders maximal reliability would also lead to maximal criterion validit...
Research on regulatory focus so far has been dominated by the perspective of ‘variable-centered’ that seeks to understand how each foci of regulatory focus (e.g., promotion focus and prevention focus) in isolation relates to other variables. We extend this work by adopting a ‘person-centered’ approach to reveal the distinct profiles of regulatory f...
We investigated the relationships between leaders' and their followers' psychological capital and organizational identification in a Chinese community. Participants included 423 followers on 34 work teams, each with its respective team leader. Hierarchical linear models (HLM) were used in the analyses to delineate the relationships among participan...
In the research of psychology and other social science disciplines, researchers often do not know how to analyze mediation effect when the independent, mediator or/and dependent variable are categorical, even if they can skillfully conduct mediation analysis with continuous variables.
The conventional mediation analysis, transforming multi-categor...
Wording effect refers to the systematic method variance caused by positive and negative item wordings on a self-report measure. This Monte Carlo simulation study investigated the impact of ignoring wording effect on the reliability and validity estimates of a self-report measure. Four factors were considered in the simulation design: (a) the number...
The Machiavellian Personality Scale (MPS; Dahling, Whitaker, & Levy, 2009) was designed to measure four content subdomains (i.e., amorality, desire for control, desire for status, and distrust of others). In this study, we evaluated the structural validity of MPS by testing a series of six competing models, including the one-factor CFA model, the f...
We examined the possible effects of six dimensions of music self-concept on determination of self-esteem, through the application of models based on individual and normative-group importance. Previous studies have supported the individual model of importance in narrowly defined self-domains such as spiritual self-concept that might be unimportant f...
Purpose – Research on workplace loneliness has thus far been dominated by perceptions of followers;hence, few researchers have considered the perspective of leader-follower congruence. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the leader-follower relationship mediates the relationship between leader-follower congruence/incongruence in workplace l...
“Wording effect” refers to the systematic method variance caused by positive and negative item wordings on a self-report measure. Using the Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) as an example, this study modeled the wording effect, and examined the impact of such wording effect on the reliability and validity of CSES. Five competing models were compare...
Music self-concept integrates perceptions, beliefs, and self-schemas about a person’s musical abilities and potential. Like other self-concept dimensions, it is multifaceted, hierarchically organized and has implications for motivation toward musical practice. The Music Self-Perception Inventory (MUSPI) is a theoretically based instrument assessing...
Moderation indicates that the strength and/or direction of the relation between an independent variable and a dependent variable is affected by a third variable called moderator. Moderation models are frequently used in researches of psychology and other social science disciplines, still some issues need to be clarified. The purpose of the present...
Mediation analysis is important for research in psychology and other social and behavioral sciences. Great progress has been made in testing mediation effects and in constructing their confidence intervals. Mediation effect sizes have also been considered. Preacher and Kelley (2011) proposed and recommended κ2 as an effect size measure for a mediat...
Factor Mixture Model(FMM) is a factor analysis model in which the latent population heterogeneity is considered. Combined with latent class analysis(LCA) and traditional factor analysis(FA), the FMM model consistently preserves the advantages of these two statistical methods, and has some unique features as well. Present empirical applications of F...
The purpose of this investigation is to compare and evaluate 2 approaches for estimating interaction effects in latent growth models (LGMs): the unconstrained approach and the latent moderated structural equations (LMS) approach. To reduce the complexity of modeling interactions in LGMs, we created difference-product indicators to replace the tradi...
The analyses of mediation effects are frequently applied to the studies of psychology, education, and other social science disciplines. More than one mediator may be involved when the relationship among more than three variables is concerned. For a model with multiple mediators, there are three kinds of mediation effects: total mediation effect, sp...
In recent years, multilevel models (MLM) have been frequently used for studying multilevel mediation in social sciences. However, there still exist sampling errors and measurement errors even after separating the between-group effects from the within-group ones of multilevel mediation. To solve this problem, a new method has been developed abroad b...
This Monte Carlo simulation study investigated different strategies for forming product indicators for the unconstrained approach in analyzing latent interaction models when the exogenous factors are measured by unequal numbers of indicators under both normal and nonnormal conditions. Product indicators were created by (a) multiplying parcels of th...
This article assessed the measurement invariance of the Adolescent Student Burnout Inventory (ASBI) across gender and educational track, and investigated the main and interaction effects of gender and educational track on the facets of student burnout with a sample consisting of 2,216 adolescent students from China. Multigroup confirmatory factor a...
The purpose of this investigation is to compare a new (double-mean-centering) strategy to estimating latent interactions in structural equation models with the (single) mean-centering strategy (Marsh, Wen, & Hau, 2004, 2006) and the orthogonalizing strategy (Little, Bovaird, & Widaman, 2006; Marsh et al., 2007). A key benefit of the orthogonalizing...
Standardized parameter estimates are routinely used to summarize the results of multiple regression models of manifest variables and structural equation models of latent variables, because they facilitate interpretation. Although the typical standardization of interaction terms is not appropriate for multiple regression models, straightforward alte...
Little, Bovaird and Widaman (2006) proposed an unconstrained approach with residual centering for estimating latent interaction effects as an alternative to the mean-centered approach proposed by Marsh, Wen, and Hau (2004, 2006). Little et al. also differed from Marsh et al. in the number of indicators used to infer the latent interaction factor an...
Interactions between (multiple indicator) latent variables are rarely used because of implementation complexity and competing strategies. Based on 4 simulation studies, the traditional constrained approach performed more poorly than did 3 new approaches--unconstrained, generalized appended product indicator, and quasi-maximum-likelihood (QML). The...
Goodness-of-fit (GOF) indexes provide "rules of thumb"—recommended cutoff values for assessing fit in structural equation modeling. Hu and Bentler (1999) proposed a more rigorous approach to evaluating decision rules based on GOF indexes and, on this basis, proposed new and more stringent cutoff values for many indexes. This article discusses poten...
In substantively important research, Li, Duncan, and Acock (2000) and Duncan, Duncan, Strycker, Li, and Alpert (1999) extended Jöreskog and Yang's (1996) structural equation model of latent interactions to latent growth modeling. We address 2 concerns with their approach: (a) Parameter constraints specified in their models were apparently inappropr...
Citations
... The Sobel test and the coefficient of variation test are not applicable in models with multiple mediating variables, and their formulas are complex and suffer from a high Type I error rate. Combined with the analysis of the actual situation of this study and referring to the multiple intermediary effect analysis program proposed by Fang [64], the bootstrap method of AMOS 24.0 was used to test the specific intermediary effect. This study set the bootstrap to 5000 runs. ...
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... Referring to the test steps of Fang and Wen (2022) on the moderation effect [60], we choose the moderation effect model to verify the mechanism of capital factors in the process of Internet use affecting production efficiency, which can be shown as follows: ...
... The data-driven approach based on observation data provides an alternative way to explore the causality. For example, the method of SEM could establish the causality to some extent with considering multiple dependent variables simultaneously [29]. This method has been widely used in human behavior and psychology studies [30]. ...
... Based on the known relationship between the independent variable X and the dependent variable Y, if there exists variable M such that the independent variable X can influence the dependent variable Y through variable M, then variable M is called the mediating variable. To investigate the mediation mechanism of "off-farm employment→income effect→low-carbon energy intensity", referring to the studies of Wen [47] and Liu [2], the Sobel test was used to explore the mediating effect and constructed the following 41 ...
... Short sleep duration was associated with lower levels of PWB as a result of sleep restriction potentially leading to a series of adverse neurobehavioral consequences and physiological changes 48,49 . A high BMI was associated positively with PWB, because people admire the Chinese cultural saying of "Xin Kuan Ti Pang" 40,44 ("jolly fat" in English 50 ), and gaining weight is generally seen as a sign of being well-groomed and in good health among older Chinese people 44,51 . Finally, participants with chronic conditions had a lower PWB than those without chronic conditions, as a consequence of these conditions being a type of life stressor 52 . ...
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... In testing the moderating effect of risk perception, we refer to Zhonglin Wen and Yan Wu et al. [49], where the measurement terms were combined to form and assign values to the interaction terms based on the results of the CFA one-way test. Eventually, new estimation paths were defined for the model in AMOS, followed by corrections to the standardized coefficients of the interaction terms. ...
... Job engagement, like many other psychological constructs (Hofmans et al., 2021;Navarro et al., 2020), has never been conceptualized as a static phenomenon, but rather as a dynamic construct which fluctuates over time and shares time-structured associations with other constructs (e.g., Byrne et al., 2016;Crawford et al., 2010;Sonnentag et al., 2021). Unfortunately, the bulk of research on job engagement has relied on cross-sectional designs, or on limited longitudinal designs (including only two measurement points; Gillet et al., 2020;Rich et al., 2010), making it impossible to capture the dynamic nature of job engagement trajectories (Fletcher et al., 2018). ...
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... technology influence sleep in many aspects, including sleep quality and sleep duration in the population [3,4]. A study on sleep trends among adults in the United States showed that the probability of short sleep in the population gradually increased from 2007 to 2017 [5]. ...
... though assigning participants to different statuses based on highest posterior probabilities is a common approach in LTA (Clendennen et al., 2019;Mathur et al., 2014), it did not take into account classification uncertainty. However, our entropy values (ranged from 0.72 to 0.80) indicating reasonable levels of correct assignment (Jago et al., 2018;H. Wang et al., 2021). Finally, since we collected data on adolescents who attended high schools (Grades 10-12), findings of the study are relevant only to high school students, which may not be applicable to those who did not attend or dropped out of high school. ...
... Mindfulness is a protecting factor against automated and maladaptive behavior and increases selfdetermined autonomous regulation [94]. Mindfulness also significantly mitigates aspects of emotional lability, such as neuroticism [96], and is recommended when training individuals with sensitive BIS [97]. The relationship between prosocial behavior and emotional lability is limited and inconsistent and has yet to be unequivocally confirmed [50]. ...
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