Zexuan Li’s research while affiliated with Mental Health Center of Denver and other places

Research has indicated a negative impact of physical activity on academic burnout among students, however, there is a paucity of evidence about the underlying mechanism of this association in Pakistani students. The present research seeks to investigate the relationship between physical activity and academic burnout by investigating the potential mediating effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and body mass index (BMI). A sample of 596 students using a cross-sectional survey design was gathered from two public universities (Riphah International University and Mohammed Ali Jinnah University) in Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June to July 2022. The study participants were asked to fill out the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Learning Burnout Scale, and the Test of Adherence to MD questionnaires. The study employed descriptive, bivariate, and path analysis through regression utilizing the SPSS software version 27. The findings demonstrated a negative correlation between academic burnout and BMI, physical activity, and adherence to the MD. The relationship between physical activity and academic burnout was mediated by BMI. Physical activity and academic burnout were inversely correlated, with adherence to the MD and BMI interacting as sequential mediators. The outcomes of this research have expanded our knowledge of the association between physical activity and academic burnout and have suggested crucial and appropriate strategies for addressing student academic burnout.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination hesitancy has emerged as a substantial concern among the adult population globally. However, limited evidence is available about parental hesitancy to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 within the Pakistani context. Thus, the present investigation aimed to assess parental attitudes, perceptions, and willingness regarding vaccination hesitancy and associated predictors of getting their children vaccinated against COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional population-based, self-administered online questionnaire in Punjab, Pakistan, on randomly selected parents between October 2022 and February 2023. The data were collected based on socio-demographics, attitudes, perceptions, and willingness of parents regarding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for their children. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated to identify the predictors of vaccine hesitancy. The findings demonstrated that among 1,478 participants, a total of 40% believed that the COVID-19 vaccine may pose a greater risk to children than adults, while 38% exhibited no concerns. Around 13% of children were not vaccinated in our study sample. More than half expressed hesitancy toward vaccination, and only 35.25% were inclined to get their children vaccinated in our study sample. In addition, only 16% of the parents believed that the COVID-19 vaccination may cause an alteration in their children’s DNA. A similar proportion of parents were aware of the significance of getting their children vaccinated and expressed their willingness to vaccinate their children to prevent the COVID-19 infection. However, a higher odds ratio was observed in females with a higher educational background and those in the healthcare profession. In conclusion, healthcare awareness-supporting programs for educating parents should be designed and implemented. These insights might aid in the development of strategies to eradicate barriers in existing coronavirus vaccination programs and may vaccinate a larger child population to reduce the adverse consequences of the pandemic.

Introduction Previous studies have inconsistent associations between changes in sleep duration and cognitive function and have not separated interindividual effects from intraindividual effects. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between subjective night sleep duration and cognitive function while differing intraindividual and interindividual effects. Methods A national representative sample was obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study during 2011–2018. Night sleep duration and potential confounders were assessed and collected by questionnaires. Cognition was assessed in three categories (orientation, executive function, and memory), and z scores were used for global cognitive performance. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to examine the temporal associations during 2011–2018. Results Across 9404 participants over 45, at interindividual level, moderate (β= -0.014) and long sleepers (β= -0.06) had positive association between sleep duration and cognitive decline after adjusted covariates, but short sleepers had negative associations between sleep duration and cognitive decline (β = 0.87). At intraindividual level, prolonged sleep duration predicted better cognition for short (β= -0.021 at wave2-3; β= -0.04 at wave3-4) and moderate (β= -0.017 at wave3-4) sleepers. Conclusion For short sleepers, longer subjective nocturnal sleep duration predicted better cognitive performance; but moderate and long sleepers showed opposite results—short and moderate sleepers with prolonged subjective nocturnal sleep duration would have later cognitive decline. Our findings tentatively suggested that an increased subjective night sleep duration and subjective long sleep duration could be regarded as useful tools for identifying middle- and old adults at higher risks of progressing to cognitive decline.