Zenovii-Mykhailo Zadorozhnyy’s research while affiliated with West Ukrainian National University and other places

The idea of sustainable development entails the modernization of the financial mechanism and the development of financial activity models in the context of ensuring their stability at various levels of economic management. Financial stability refers to the state of financial resources where assets and liabilities are balanced in a fluctuating internal and external environment, maintaining financial solvency and appealing to investors, all while operating within a manageable risk threshold. The analysis of such indicators allows for assessing the enterprise's readiness to meet its debts, financial independence, and efficient management of own and borrowed funds.The aim of this article is to explore theoretical and methodological approaches and methods of systemic analysis of the financial stability of enterprises under conditions of sustainable development. The theoretical foundations and methodological approaches to systemic analysis of financial stability were studied. The financial stability analysis of enterprises was conducted using a methodology for calculating the coverage of assets by their financing sources. The proposed financial stability calculation algorithm utilizes a balance model of financial equilibrium and involves computing a three-component indicator to determine the optimal coverage levels for financing sources using both absolute and relative metrics. This method enables the identification of weak areas within a company, which can serve as potential reserves for enhancing its financial standing. Analytical indicators that form part of the systemic financial stability analysis include the financial independence ratio (autonomy), the financial dependency ratio (equity multiplier), the loan capital concentration ratio, the financial risk ratio, the financial stability ratio, the long-term debt ratio, and the equity mobility ratio. The calculation of the proposed analytical indicators for assessing financial stability across enterprises of various organizational and legal forms and business sizes demonstrated the universality and broad applicability of this systemic analysis methodology.

Financial and economic activity is exposed to numerous systemic risks, which are a threat to the financial security of enterprises. The criterion for ensuring financial security is the appropriate level of the company's financial condition. The financial condition of the enterprise is a complex concept and is characterized by the system of indicators – financial coefficients: indicators of liquidity, financial stability, business activity, and management efficiency. The interrelationship and mutual determination between the indicators that cause the occurrence of risk when one of them changes is established.A range of factors that comprehensively characterize the financial and economic activity of the enterprise has been determined and developed risk analysis and assessment methodology, which includes the following stages: preparatory stage; construction of an algorithm for quantitative assessment of risk in the financial security system; interpretation of the results of an integrated risk assessment in the financial security system; determining the priorities of risk management in the system. The methods of financial analysis (horizontal, vertical, coefficient, analysis of business activity and financial stability) were applied and a quantitative assessment of risks was carried out. The indicators-coefficients of the enterprise's functioning are calculated and given an interpretation.The conclusion was formed that the construction of an effective risk management system and its universal functional component of risk analysis are current issues, as they allow to develop a set of measures to minimize threats and risks of conducting financial and economic activities of economic entities. Therefore, the correct assessment of risk with the help of the proposed methods and models of financial analysis for individual economic situations and business entities is effective and has value, as it gives the opportunity to make the optimal decision in specific situations and characterizes the criterion feature of financial security of industrial enterprises – liquidity, financial stability, business activity, profitability.

Modern conditions of growing cyber threats caused by the hybrid conflicts around the world and looming biological threat of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitate the introduction of biometric authentication of employees, leading to the transformation in the methodology and organization of accounting at enterprises. The procedure for accounting and control of time worked and wages of the employees is the first to undergo changes due to the forcibly limited access of employees to the enterprise data and premises, which determines the topicality and aims of this research. The aim of the article is to investigate the prospects for monitoring the working time and movement of employees on the premises (facilities) of the enterprise with the use of biometric technology in order to develop the methodology of automation of the accounting of payments made to employees and to ensure the cybersecurity of economic entities. The prospects of using an automated employee checkpoint system based on biometrics for the purposes of accounting and control are explored. The paper improves the methodology of accounting and control over the working time and wages of employees based on the automated employee authentication system using data on the time spent on premises and performance of job functions. Recommendations are made on ensuring biological and cyber security of enterprises in terms of categorizing the enterprise premises and equipment according to their functions and level of access to information and material flows. The research examines the prospects of accounting for the employee costs, as well as accurate distribution of overhead and other costs based on data of the biometric employee authentication system. It is advised to conduct further research into the peculiarities of methodology and organization of accounting under conditions of distance and isolated job performance by accounting employees, as it raises the requirements to cybersecurity of enterprises. Keywords: accounting, working time, wages (salary), biometrics, employee authentication, automation of accounting and control, cybersecurity, COVID-19. JEL Classification M41, M49 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 18.