Zeeshan Munir’s research while affiliated with Jawaharlal Nehru University and other places

The concept of hybrid warfare has garnered renewed attention in light of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Highlighting the ongoing hostilities from the prism of its known and unknown actors, Anna Arutunyan's Hybrid warriors offers a nuanced description of the conflict. Employing a sequential approach, the author chronicles the war's progression, tracing it back to 2014 and bringing it to the present stage of Russian aggression. Throughout, Arutunyan emphasizes the factors that precipitated a series of catastrophic occurrences. The author adopts a bottom-up approach that relies on extensive interviews and observations about historical conjunctures. The result is a unique decentralized depiction of the war. The book explores the complex interplay of diverse motivations among various actors in order to bring some clarity to the events and their underlying warring narratives. In short, the book can be classified as a comprehensive investigative analysis of the conflict. Acknowledging the difficulties at hand, the author humbly concedes, ‘I wish I had those answers myself’ in an effort to discourage readers from anticipating solutions or policy recommendations (p. 12).