Yuliya Makedonova’s research while affiliated with Volgograd State Medical University and other places

The article examines the current state and development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in practical dentistry. The review is devoted to the analysis of existing research and publications, identifying key applications of AI in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of dental diseases. The main focus is on neural networks and their use for image analysis, including X-ray images, computed tomography and 3D models of jaws. The importance of using AI for the diagnosis of caries, identification of teeth, visualization of pathological processes, assessment of the morphology of teeth and bone structures, as well as predicting treatment is emphasized. The article presents the results of the authors’ own research, as well as an analysis of the effectiveness of various technologies such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), artificial neural networks (ANN), and discusses achievements in the field of deep learning. The findings confirm that the use of AI can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate treatment planning and improve clinical decisions, as well as optimize workflows in dental practice. The study was conducted as part of the scientific work on the development of a methodology for neural network analysis and forecasting the risk of developing violations of occlusive relationships within the framework of the implementation of the Russian Science Foundation grant dated 12.04.2024 No. 24-25-20098 and the Agreement on the provision from the regional budget (Volgograd region) subsidies dated 31.05.2024 No. 10.

The article presents the experience of developing and applying an expert system based on artificial neural networks to predict the risk of violations of occlusive relationships. The relevance of the study is due to the high prevalence of occlusive disorders and the need for an individual approach in their diagnosis and treatment. The system, based on machine learning methods, analyzes patient data and provides dentists with accurate forecasts and recommendations. A randomized controlled trial involving 150 patients confirmed the effectiveness of the model, demonstrating the accuracy of risk classification with an accuracy of more than 93% for each study. The results confirm the expediency of introducing such technologies into clinical practice to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, optimize treatment processes and prevent complications. The study was conducted as part of the scientific work on the development of a methodology for neural network analysis and forecasting the risk of developing violations of occlusive relationships within the framework of the implementation of the Russian Science Foundation grant dated 12.04.2024 No. 24-25-20098 and the Agreement on the provision from the regional budget (Volgograd region) subsidies dated 31.05.2024 No. 10.

Innovative technologies are actively penetrating into all spheres of human life, and have made it possible to make a big breakthrough. The simulators used in medicine provide an opportunity for training and accreditation of dentists. Modern dentistry is actively developing and requires the development of a large amount of knowledge, the acquisition of clinical skills and the ability to solve certain clinical problems. For example, important clinical skills in restorative dentistry include the preparation of carious cavities, endodontic treatment, restoration of the anatomical shape of the tooth. In surgical dentistry, this is anesthesia, tooth extraction and implantation. Dental phantoms are designed to solve the problem, but such models do not give a complete picture of the work of the dentist. © 2022. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. All Rights Reserved.

The review presents an analysis of articles published for the period 2005-2021. in top-rated publications devoted to the research results in the field of creating light-curing (photopolymerizable) compositions for use in dental practice. The information concerning the main ingredients of the compositions: di (meth) acrylate monomers, fillers, pigments, and photoinitiators is summarized. A comparative assessment of light sources, which determine the curing efficiency of materials of such a functional purpose, is presented. The results of a patent search, in the PatentScope database, are presented. For the period 2000-2021. have been identified 692 patents, which are related to the creation of dental photopolymer composites.

Relevance: Before starting the treatment, the patient's medical history should be carefully studied. Special attention should be paid to the presence/absence of diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidney disease, endocrine pathology, and the psychological state of the body. These diseases can directly affect the dental status and worsen the clinical picture. Psychoemotional stress and inflammatory post-prosthetic complications are reciprocal risk factors. Psychophysiological disorders can lead to the development of dental complications in the oral cavity and vice versa, mucositis can cause a stress reaction in a person. This assumption served as the purpose of this study. Materials and methods: During implant treatment, the analysis of the psychophysiological state in patients with inflammatory post-prosthetic complications was carried out according to 3 parameters (the results of the questionnaire, based on heart rate variability and using software), parallel to the assessment of the dental status in 30 patients. Stress and mucositis should be treated simultaneously, with sedation support where necessary. Outcomes: All patients showed a high level of stress. During the dental examinationthe presence of inflammation of the parotid tissue was detectes. Conclusion: Psychoemotional stress can be one of the initiating factors in the development of inflammatory complications during dental implantation. The main task of a dentist is, first of all, to identify the early stages of the development of the disease, and secondly, to provide not only symptomatic, but also pathogenetic treatment, taking into account the factors that facilitate the development of this pathology.

The aim of this study was to study the possibility of the lower jaw exoskeleton as a means of treating its fractures. The analysis took into account the ability of the extrafocal osteosynthesis apparatus to maintain the spatial orientation of bone fragments under load. For this, the apparatus was analyzed by the finite element method on 3D models and a study was carried out in a special stand on the bones of the human lower jaw. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the lower jaw exoskeleton makes it possible to qualitatively fix the fragments of the lower jaw for the period of fracture healing.

Post-prosthetic complications during dental implantation are accompanied by pain symptoms leading to disorders of the psychoemotional state. All this influences the behavior of patients. In addition, psychoemotional stress is often a factor of provocation and persistence of the complications. The presence of a stress state in the identified pathology, as well as the influence of various therapies on the treatment of post-prosthetic complications, is reflected in the dynamics of changes in the concentrations of both catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) and glucocorticoids (cortisol) — hormones of the medulla and the adrenal cortex. The aim: to conduct an immunological analysis of the stress response in patients with postprosthetic complications during dental implantation. Materials and methods: The study was performed in 120 patients with post-prosthetic complications during dental implantation before and during treatment: Group I (control) — 30 patients treated with the conventional therapy; group II — 30 patients treated with ozone therapy in addition to the conventional therapy; group III — 30 patients treated with transcranial electrical stimulation in addition to the conventional therapy; Group IV — 30 patients treated with a combination of conventional therapy, ozone therapy and transcranial electrical stimulation. The concentration of epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, alkaline phosphatase, and the Garkavi index were evaluated. Results: The change in these indicators after the treatment indicates the normalization of the level of the studied enzymes — markers of bone homeostasis, which is confirmed by an improvement in the clinical picture in the oral cavity. Conclusion: changes in immunological parameters objectively reflect the psychoemotional state of patients. The nature of changes in the hormonal stress response to the treatment of post-prosthetic complications indicates the effectiveness of the therapeutic regimens used, and, as a result, a decrease in both pain symptoms and psychoemotional stress.

Knowledge of the clinical anatomy of the masticatory muscles contributes to the understanding of the etiopathogenetic and physiological aspects of the development of hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles. Hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles is a disease that leads to a number of other dental problems, such as abnormal abrasion, gum recession, trauma to the oral mucosa, wedge-shaped defects. We have developed and patented a pneumatic expander. It is feasible to treat hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles in a complex — myogymnastic exercises on the background of the use of the patented gnatic device. This paper presents clinical and anatomical requirements for the gnathic device as an uncoupling device in the treatment of both teeth and muscle relaxant.