Yuhao Ye’s research while affiliated with Fudan University and other places

Purpose To compare vault measurement using Pentacam (Oculus, Germany) and two optical coherence tomography (OCT) instruments, Casia2 (Tomey Corporation, Japan) and RTVue (Optovue Inc. USA). Methods This comparative study recruited 95 eyes of 50 patients (mean age: 28.40±4.51, male/female 15/35) who underwent implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation for myopia correction. All patients underwent a series of ophthalmic examinations at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, and the vault was measured using three instruments in the same order at both follow-ups. Intraclass coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were used to analyze intra-equipment reproducibility and agreement between two instruments. A multivariate regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the vault differences between the devices. Results The ICC values for intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility of each piece of equipment were above 0.9. The ICC values and mean differences of vault measurement of Casia2 vs Pentacam, Casia2 vs RTVue, and RTVue vs Pentacam were 0.763 and 139.81 μm, 0.960 and −17.18 μm, 0.739 and 151.86 μm, respectively. An average of 96.2% of the points fell within the limit of agreement in the Bland-Altman plots. No difference was found in the inter-device agreement between the 3– and 6-month vaults. The difference in pupil diameter, anterior chamber depth, and anterior chamber angle could influence the vault difference between the Pentacam and the two OCT instruments. Conclusion All three instruments demonstrated good intra-equipment reproducibility. Casia2 and RTVue showed excellent agreement in the vault measurements. The Pentacam’s vault readings were significantly lower than those measured by Casia2 and RTVue; therefore, their vault measurements were not interchangeable.

To compare the long-term outcomes of monovision surgery using implantable collamer lens (ICL) V4c and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in myopic patients with early presbyopia. This case series study included 48 eyes of 24 patients (male/female: 10/14, mean age 45.50 ± 3.82 years) and followed-up for 4.5 years (54.00 ± 9.77 months). Patients were examined for spherical equivalent, uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, intraocular pressure, presbyopic add power, visual acuity (VA) (logMAR) of dominant eyes (D-eye), non-dominant eyes (nD-eye), and both eyes (Bi) at 0.4 m, 0.8 m, and 5 m, corneal wavefront aberration, and contrast sensitivity (CS). All surgeries were uneventful. The safety indices of ICL V4c group and FS-LASIK group were 1.17 ± 0.30 and 0.98 ± 0.20 (p < 0.05), and the efficacy indices were 0.79 ± 0.07 and 0.52 ± 0.07 (p < 0.05) respectively. The binocular VA (logMAR) of ICL V4c group and FS-LASIK group at 5.0 m were: 0.02 ± 0.11, 0.18 ± 0.30; 0.8 m: 0.09 ± 0.12, − 0.01 ± 0.11; 0.4 m: − 0.02 ± 0.06, − 0.03 ± 0.08, (p > 0.05 at three distances). Compared with ICL V4c group, lower CS was observed at 1.0 cpd in the FS-LASIK group (1.07 ± 0.31 vs. 0.80 ± 0.51, p = 0.043). Monovision surgery using ICL V4c and FS-LASIK provides good binocular visual acuity at near-to-far distances in myopia patients in the presbyopia age group.

Purpose To investigate the correlation of contrast sensitivity function (CSF) with myopic shift in Chinese children. Methods This prospective case-series study included 62 eyes (31 children) who visited the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University in January 2022 and were followed up for 6 months. Routine ophthalmic examinations and quantitative CSF (qCSF) tests without refractive correction were performed. Differences in CSF parameters, including the area under the log CSF (AULCSF), CSF acuity, and contrast sensitivity (CS) at 1.0–18.0 cpd, were compared between two groups stratified according to the myopic shift based on mydriatic spherical equivalent (<-0.50 D or ≥-0.50 D) during follow-up. Results The myopia progressed by 0.13 ± 0.24 and 1.18 ± 0.75 D in the stabilized (28 eyes) and advanced (34 eyes) groups, respectively. Compared with the advanced group, the stabilized group showed significantly lower baseline qCSF test results for CSF acuity and CS at 1.0 and 1.5 cpd. The qCSF readings for CSF acuity and CS at 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0 cpd increased significantly during the 6-month follow-up in the stabilized group, while these values showed non-significant decreases in the advanced group. CS at 3.0 cpd was significantly correlated with myopic shift. Compared with the advanced group, participants in the stabilized group with higher myopia showed relatively significantly lower CS (baseline CSF acuity and CS at 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0 cpd). Conclusions Children with relatively slower myopic shift showed lower contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequencies, which might be an effective factor in myopia control.

Aims To identify factors contributing to rapid axial length (AL) growth in children aged 3–9 years. Methods Four thousand four hundred thirty-five children were followed from 2019 to 2022. AL and corneal curvature were measured using an IOLMaster 500, while refractometry and visual acuity were also assessed. Baseline data included demographics and parental myopia status, with annual updates on height, weight and behavioural factors. Latent class growth model was used to discover AL trajectories, whereas multiple logistic regression was used to identify determinants of rapid AL elongation. Results For all participants, baseline age and parental myopia influenced AL growth. Specifically, children aged 3–6 years exhibited faster AL elongation when engaging in persistent excessive homework time (OR, 2.86, 95% CI 1.31 to 6.95) and near-work activities (OR, 2.13, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.10). For the 7–9-year group, the risk factors of rapid AL growth included being female (OR, 2.05, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.90) and need myopia correction at baseline (OR, 3.19, 95% CI 2.02 to 5.02). Notably, actively engaging in outdoor activities had a protective effect in the 7–9-year group (OR, 0.65, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.97). Conclusions This study delineates AL growth trajectories in children aged 3–9 years and highlights distinct risk factors for rapid AL growth. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing age-specific strategies for myopia prevention and control.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between refractive errors and common chronic diseases using blood biochemistry tests, and to investigate the associated modifiable risk factors, with the goal of informing and developing effective preventive strategies. Methods: A total of 116,245 participants with refractometry at baseline enrolled in the UK Biobank were included in this prospective cohort study. Restricted cubic spline and Cox proportional hazards models were used to detect associations between refractive error, blood biochemistry tests, and common chronic diseases. Interaction effects on the additive scale and effect modification analysis were used to explore excess modifiable risk factors for disease prevention. Results: Spherical equivalent significantly associated with vitamin D, sex hormone binding globulin, apolipoprotein A, blood glucose, and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Subjects with myopia demonstrated a 13% higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence compared to those without myopia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.19) throughout a median follow-up of 9.12 years. Interaction analysis revealed 15% (95% CI = 9%-21%) of this risk was due to myopia-obesity interaction. However, active engagement in physical activity could potentially mitigate this risk (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.93-1.20). Conclusions: Refractive errors were associated with specific blood indicators, particularly noting the association between myopia and higher T2DM incidence in middle-aged and elderly populations. This effect interacts with obesity, and promoting physical activity among myopia individuals provides greater benefits in the prevention of T2DM compared to non-myopic individuals.

Purpose To compare the characteristics of the quantitative contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) in eyes with early keratoconus (Early-KC) and normal control (NC) eyes and investigate the associated factors. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods This study included 43 eyes of 43 patients with Early-KC (including subclinical keratoconus [SKC] and forme fruste keratoconus [FFKC]) and 77 NC eyes of 77 participants with corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) all ≥ 20/20. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was assessed using the qCSF tests. Subgroup analysis was performed according to keratoconus type(SKC and FFKC) and astigmatism(cylindrical refraction >-1.0D or ≤-1.0D). Results Sex ratio, spherical refraction, and spherical equivalent (SE) varied significantly between the two groups (all P < 0.01). The area under log CSF (AULCSF), CSF Acuity, and CS at low (1.0 and 1.5 cycles per degree [cpd]) and high (12.0 and 18.0 cpd) spatial frequencies decreased significantly in the Early-KC group than that in the NC group (all P < 0.05). The subgroup analysis revealed a similar decrease in the SKC group (all P < 0.05). AULCSF, CSF Acuity, and CS at high spatial frequencies of patients with cylindrical refraction ≤-1.0D in the Early-KC group decreased significantly (all P < 0.05) than those in the NC group. The index of vertical asymmetry and index of height decentration correlated negatively with CS at 1.5 cpd (r= -0.321 and -0.306; both P < 0.05). Conclusions CS decreased significantly at low and high spatial frequencies in Early-KC, though with normal CDVA. The qCSF test can sensitively reflect visual performance in early keratoconus.

Background To establish a novel vault prediction formula after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation that considers both anterior and posterior chamber characteristics with multi‐modal parameters. Methods A total of 103 and 65 eyes were included in the development and validation groups, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using data from optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy in the development group to synthesise summative factors with different clinical significance. Dominant original metrics with heavy loadings on significant factors (absolute value of the loading coefficient >0.5) were screened for multivariate linear regression models using a stepwise method. The newly derived formula was evaluated and compared to the NK and KS formulas in the validation group. Results Six factors (anterior chamber angle, horizontal width, lens, iris, iridociliary complex and ciliary body) were generated after dimension reduction via factor analysis. Factors 2 (horizontal width), 3 (lens), and 5 (iridociliary complex) had a significant influence on the vault. When dominant metrics on these factors were screened for further model building, ICL size, anterior chamber width, crystalline lens rise, iris curvature, and iris‐ciliary process distance were retained in the final formula, with an adjusted R ² of 0.698, a median absolute error of 81.97 mm, and a root‐mean‐square error of 103.35 mm. Conclusions Multiple intraocular components, including the lens, iris, and ciliary body, play important roles in vault determination. The new formula exhibits good accuracy for vault predictions and ICL size recommendations.

Background This study assessed the agreement of ocular parameters of patients with myopia measured using Colombo intraocular lens (IOL) 2 and IOLMaster 700. Methods Eighty patients (male, 22; average age, 29.14 ± 7.36 years) with myopia (159 eyes) were included in this study in May 2023. The participants’ axial length (AXL), central corneal thickness (CCT), lens thickness (LT), white-to-white distance (WTW), front flat (K1), steep (K2), mean (Km) corneal keratometry, astigmatism (Astig), J0 vector, and J45 vector were measured using the IOLMaster 700 and Colombo IOL 2. The measurements from both devices were compared using the generalized estimating equation, correlation analysis, and Bland-Altman plots. Results With the Colombo IOL 2, lower values for K2 and J0 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.587, p = 0.033; OR = 0.779, p < 0.0001, respectively), and larger values for WTW, Astig, and J45 (OR = 1.277, OR = 1.482, OR = 1.1, all p < 0.0001) were obtained. All ocular measurements by both instruments showed positive correlations, with AXL demonstrating the strongest correlation (r = 0.9996, p < 0.0001). The intraclass correlation coefficients for AXL and CCT measured by both instruments was 0.999 and 0.988 (both p < 0.0001), and Bland-Altman plot showed 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of -0.078 to 0.11 mm and − 9.989 to 13.486 μm, respectively. The maximum absolute 95% LoA for LT, WTW, K1, K2, and J0 were relatively high, achieving 0.829 mm, 0.717 mm, 0.983 D, 0.948 D, and 0.632 D, respectively. Conclusions In young patients with myopia, CCT and AXL measurements obtained with the Colombo IOL 2 and IOLMaster 700 were comparable. However, WTW, LT, corneal refractive power, and astigmatism values could not be used interchangeably in clinical practice.