![a TEM and b, c HRTEM of a linear smooth nanowire CoPx. Reproduced with permission from ref [31]. Copyright 2021 Elsevier. d SEM of uniform Ni(OH)2/NF. e Overpotentials of Ni2P–Fe2P/NF in OER/HER in 1 M KOH seawater. f Chronopotentiometric curves of Ni2P–Fe2P/NF in 1 M KOH seawater. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [33]. Copyright 2020 Wiley](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364952675/figure/fig2/AS:11431281096688186@1668223543433/a-TEM-and-b-c-HRTEM-of-a-linear-smooth-nanowire-CoPx-Reproduced-with-permission-from_Q320.jpg)
![a Generally accepted intermediates and mechanisms about OER reaction on 0.5Fe–NiCo2O4@CC. b Gibbs free energy diagram of the OER process on NiCo2O4 and 0.5Fe–NiCo2O4@CC. c Charge density difference of NiCo2O4 and 0.5Fe–NiCo2O4@CC. d Projected density of states (PDOS). e Polarization curves of 0.5Fe–NiCo2O4@CC for OER. f Durability tests of different catalysts recorded in 1 M KOH seawater.
Reproduced with permission from Ref. [37]. Copyright 2022 Wiley](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364952675/figure/fig3/AS:11431281096678394@1668223544527/a-Generally-accepted-intermediates-and-mechanisms-about-OER-reaction-on-05Fe-NiCo2O4CC_Q320.jpg)
![a Synthesis scheme for the Co-doped VS2 nanosheets. b, c SEM images for the Co-doped VS2 nanosheets. d HRTEM images for the Co-doped VS2 nanosheets. Reproduced with permission from ref [55]. Copyright 2019 Wiley](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364952675/figure/fig4/AS:11431281096670649@1668223545649/a-Synthesis-scheme-for-the-Co-doped-VS2-nanosheets-b-c-SEM-images-for-the-Co-doped-VS2_Q320.jpg)
October 2022
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133 Reads
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11 Citations
Journal of Materials Science
Hydrogen generated by water splitting has been considered as a promising method. In view of the abundant seawater, it is attractive to produce hydrogen from seawater, which serves as electrolyte. However, electrocatalysts with low performance and poor stability for seawater electrolysis limits the large-scale hydrogen production. Recently, great progress has been made in developing efficient seawater electrocatalysts through rational strategies. In this review, the corresponding strategies including morphology engineering, heteroatom doping, defect engineering and interface engineering are summarized. And some influencing factors and perspective suggestions for the modification strategies on seawater-based catalysts are put forward. In all, we hope this review could provide a new understanding for the catalyst fabrication and performance evaluation of seawater-based catalysts. Graphical Abstract