Yalçın Akbulut’s research while affiliated with Kafkas University and other places

Purpose The aim of this study was to construct an osteological map of the morphological projection of the coracoclavicular ligament on the clavicle. Methods In this study, 93 dry clavicles without age and sex records were used. The attachment sites of the trapezoid and conoid ligaments were examined structurally and formally. Results The attachment sites of the trapezoid ligament were triangular in 9 clavicles, ellipsoidal in 18 clavicles and trapezoidal in 62 clavicles. The anatomical structures of the attachment sites of the trapezoid ligament were as follows: 57 were tuberosities, 12 were tubercles, 11 were lines, and 9 were fovea. The attachments of the conoid ligament on the clavicle were low in 23 clavicles, moderate in 37 clavicles and high in 29 clavicles. The anatomical structure of the attachment sites of the conoid ligament was as follows: 50 were tubercles, 20 were tuberosities, 8 were adhesions, 6 were crests, 3 were impressions, and 2 were spines. The attachments of the conoid ligament on the clavicle were low in 20 clavicles, moderate in 50 clavicles, and high in 19 clavicles. The prevalence of the coracoclavicular joint was 6% in this study. Conclusion In conclusion, we believe that this study provides guidance for clinicians by revealing the osteological traces of the components of the coracoclavicular ligament or the coracoclavicular joint on the clavicle.

BACKGROUND: Nutrient foramen (NF) is a hole in the long bones that allows the passage of the nutrient artery. The vasculature of the bone is very important for fracture healing and vascularised bone grafting. Therefore, information about the location and number of NFs is important for surgical and clinical practice. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the location and number of NFs on the clavicle and other clavicle parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed on 86 dry clavicles of contemporary adult individuals without age and gender records. Some clavicle parameters and NF parameters were measured and the relationship between them was analysed. Measurements were performed using a digital caliper. RESULTS: Most of the clavicles had a single NF. There was a positive correlation between DFant/DFpost (distance between NF and anterior border/distance between NF and posterior border) and vertical thickness of sternal end (VTs), vertical thickness of thinnest point (VTt) and clavicular thinnest point index (CIt) in all cases (p < 0.05). Sagittal thickness of acromial end (STa), vertical thickness of clavicle (VTc), sagittal thickness of clavicle (STc), and sagittal thickness of thinnest point (STt) were associated with NF counts. The most common localisation of NFs was type 2. The NFs were mostly located in the inferior position. CONCLUSIONS: Relationships between the number and morphometric characteristics of NFs and some clavicle parameters were determined. We suggest that knowledge of the number and morphometric characteristics of NFs is important for the protection of the nutrient artery in orthopaedic surgery applications.

Purpose: The coracoclavicular ligament attaches to the coracoclavicular tuberosity, and consists of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments. It plays an important role in the stability of the acromioclavicular joint. In addition, it is clinically important that the little-known coracoclavicular joint causes shoulder pain and upper extremity paresthesias. The aim of this study was to create an osteologic map of the morphologic projection of the coracoclavicular ligament or joint components on the clavicle. Methods: In this study, 93 dry clavicles without age and sex records were used. The attachment sites of the trapezoid and conoid ligaments, which form the coracoclavicular ligament, were examined structurally and formally. Results: The attachment sites of the trapezoid ligament were found to be triangular in 9 clavicles, ellipsoidal in 18 clavicles and trapezoid in 62 clavicles. Anatomical structure of the attachment sites of the trapezoid ligament; 57 were tuberosities, 12 were tubercles, 11 were line and 9 were fovea. The attachments of the conoid ligament on the clavicle were found to be 23 weak, 37 moderate and 29 strong. Anatomical structure of the attachment sites of the conoid ligament; 50 were tubercle, 20 were tuberosity, 8 were massa, 6 were crista, 3 were impressio and 2 were spina. The attachments of the conoid ligament on the clavicle were found to be 20 weak, 50 moderate and 19 strong. The incidence of coracocalavicular joint was 6% in this study. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides an osteologic map of the morphologic projections of the components of the coracoclavicular ligament or joint in the clavicle. It was thought that the results of this study could shed light on surgeons in orthopedic surgery and clinicians in the field of physical therapy.

Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the location and number of foramen nutricium (FN) on the clavicle and other clavicular parameters. Methods This study was performed on 86 dry clavicles (46 left, 40 right). Morphometric measurements were measured with a digital caliper. Results The most of the bones had a single FN. There was no FN on 3 bones, and there were 4 FN on 2 bones. The right-left side differences in the sagittal and vertical thickness of the sternal end (STs and VTs, respectively), the distance of the FN to the sternal end and the posterior edge (DFS and DFpost, respectively) and the foraminal index (FI) were statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between some FN parameters and clavicular parameters. FN was mostly located in Type 2 and was mostly located in the inferior face. The bones without FN were longer and thicker. The vertical and sagittal thickness of the thinnest point of the clavicle was greater in bones with 4 FN. Conclusion It was observed that there was a relationship between the number and location of the FN and its morphometric features, and many clavicular parameters. Knowing the location of the FN on the clavicle is important for protecting the nutrient artery in orthopedic surgery applications.

The aim of this study is to reveal the incidence and morphometric features of the accessory foramen transversarium in the population in eastern Turkey. In the study, a total of 125 cervical vertebrae of unknown gender and age, located in the Anatomy Department of Ataturk, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım and Kafkas University Medical Faculties, were used and accessory foramen transversarium was detected in 22 (17.6 %) of these cervical vertebrae. In this study, the area, vertical and horizontal diameters of the accessory foramen transversarium were measured for the first time. It was determined that the accessory foramen transversarium with the largest area was in C3-C6 (6.8 mm2) and the smallest area was in C7 (1.06 mm2). It was determined that the largest vertical diameter was C7 (2.38 mm), the smallest one was C3-C6 (0.91 mm), the largest horizontal diameter (3.66 mm), and the smallest (1.6 mm) were C3-C6. In addition, accessory foramen transversariums were typified. One foramen arcuate was also detected during the examinations. As a result, osteometric measurements of the accessory foramen transversarium were revealed. We think that these data will be an important reference in head and neck surgery, in the clinical approach of a. vertebralis, and in the evaluations of radiologists in the neck region.

The aim of this study was to examine arterial vascularization and the macroanatomic and histological structures of the testis, penis, and prostate gland in the red fox. Five male red foxes were provided by the Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Kafkas University, Turkey. The arteries supplying the prostate, penis, and testes in the animals were exposed by dissection, the mean length, width, and weight of these organs were measured. After the anatomical features of the testis, penis, and prostate were assessed, tissue samples of each blocked in paraffin then handling standard histological procedures. The internal iliac artery was divided into two branches the caudal gluteal artery, which is the thicker branch and leads dorsally, and the internal pudendal artery, which is the thinner branch and leads ventrally. The testicular artery is asymmetrically separated from both sides of the abdominal aorta at the 5th lumbar vertebra, passes through the spermatic canal, and ends in the testes. It is thought that the findings of this study will contribute information to the literature on artificial insemination, castration, prostate, and urolithiasis surgeries on carnivores. Kızıl Tilkilerde (Vulpes vulpes) Testis, Penis ve Prostat'ın Arteriyel Vaskülarizasyonu, Makroanatomik ve Histolojik Yapısı ÖZ Bu çalışmanın amacı kızıl tilkilerde testis, penis ve prostat'ın arteriyel vaskularizasyonu, makroanatomik ve histolojik yapısını incelemektir. Kafkas Üniversitesi Yaban Hayatı Koruma ve Kurtarma Merkezi'nden 5 adet erkek kızıl tilki temin edildi. Testis, penis ve prostat'ı besleyen arterler diseke edildi. Bu organların ortalama uzunluğu, genişliği, ağırlığı ölçüldü. Testis, penis ve prostat'ın anatomik özellikleri değerlendirildikten doku örneklerine standart histolojik prosedür uygulanarak parafinde bloklandı. İnternal iliac arter, daha kalın dorsal'e yönelen caudal gluteal arter ve daha ince ventral'e yönelen internal pudendal arter olarak ikiye ayrılıyordu. A. testicularis'ler L5 hizasında abdominal aorta'nın iki tarafından asimetrik olarak ayrılıyordu. Spermatik kanal boyunca seyredip testislerde sonlanıyordu. Sunulan çalışmanın bulgularının kızıl tilkiler ve carnivorlarda yapılacak olan suni tohumlama, kastrasyon, prostat ve ürolithiasis operasyonlarına katkıda bulunacağına inanmaktayız.

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to reveal the coronary venous system of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) heart. The hearts used in the study were obtained from six red foxes that were brought to the Kafkas University Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre after serious injuries due to firearms or traffic accidents and could not be saved despite all interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Latex was injected from the cranial vena cava and caudal vena cava to expose the coronary vasculature. Hearts were photographed after dissection. RESULTS: It was determined that venous drainage of the red fox heart was provided by the great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, right cardiac veins, and the smallest cardiac veins. The strongest of these veins was determined to be the paraconal interventricular vein with a diameter of 3.03 ± 0.44 mm. It was determined that the paraconal interventricular vein was accompanied by a strong vein with a diameter of 2.09 ± 0.43 mm in five of six fox hearts examined. It was observed that left atrial oblique vein participated in the formation of the coronary sinus in four hearts, and the great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and the left marginal ventricular vein were seen to be drained into the coronary sinus in the other two hearts. It was determined that the paraconal interventricular vein and middle cardiac vein collected the venous blood of septum interventriculare via septal veins in all hearts. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the smallest cardiac veins were clearly identified for the first time, and the myocardial bridge was revealed in a wild animal for the first time.

Metopik sütür, bregma’dan nasion’a kadar uzanan ve normalde 8 yaşına kadar kapanması gereken bir sütürdür. Bu iki antropolojik nokta arasında kesintisiz devam eden sütürlere ise persistant metopik sütür adı verilir. ¬¬¬¬XXXX Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Anatomi ABD’na ait 20-30 yaşlarında ve erkek 12 adet kafatasının birinde persistant metopik bir sütür tespit edildi. 12.35 cm uzunluğundaki sütürün 7.62 cm kısmının testere ucu şeklinde, 4.73 cm bölümünün ise düzensiz bir çizgi şeklinde olduğu saptandı. Metopik sütür’ün, sagital sütür’ün sonu ile birleştiği fakat internasal sütür ile kesişmediği tespit edildi. Kafatasında sağ ve sol frontal sinüslerin mevcut olduğu belirlendi. Bu olgu sunumunun amacı, frontal bölge ile ilgili yapılacak anatomik, arkeolojik ve cerrahi uygulamalarda nadir görülen metopik sütürün varlığını ve varyasyonların önemini bir kez daha hatırlatmaktır.

Sunulan çalışmada kızıl tilkilerde arteria celiaca ve dallarının araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmada 6 adet kızıl tilki kullanıldı. Arteria celiaca’nın 1. lumbal vertebra hizasında aorta abdominalis’ten ayrıldığı ve ilk ayrılan dalın ise arteria hepatica olduğu belirlendi. Arteria hepatica’dan ortalama 8.48 mm sonra kalın olan arteria lienalis ve daha ince olan arteria gastrica sinistra’nın ortak bir kök halinde başlangıç aldığı görüldü. Arteria gastroduodenalis’in arteria pancreaticoduodenalis cranialis ve arteria gastroepiploica dextra’ya ayrılarak sonlandığı görüldü. Arteria lienalis’ten biri dalağın extremitas dorsalis’ine, diğeri extremitas ventralis’ine giden iki damar ayrıldığı tespit edildi. Extremitas dorsalis’e giden arteria lienalis’in arteriae gastricae breves dallarının midenin fundus bölümünde sonlandığı görüldü. Arteria lienalis’in extremitas ventralis’e giden arteria gastroepiploica sinistra dalı önce 3 dala daha sonra çok sayıda dallara ayrılarak midenin curvatura major’unda arteria gastrica dextra ile anastomoz yaptığı belirlendi. Extremitas ventralis’e giden ana daldan pankreas’ı besleyen 2-3 ince dalın ayrıldığı görüldü. Sonuç olarak sunulan bu araştırmanın bulgularının evcil ve yaban hayvanı olan carnivorlar üzerinde yapılacak olan splenektomi, mide ve karaciğer operasyonlarına destek olacağı düşünülmektedir.