January 2008
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9 Reads
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3 Citations
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January 2008
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9 Reads
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3 Citations
October 2007
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131 Reads
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57 Citations
The International Journal of Press/Politics
This study presents an integrative model of the press, public opinion, and foreign policy relations during times of international crises. It combines theories of mass communications and international relations, with emphasis on the various stages of the crisis, the roles and functions of the media, and the different positions adopted by the press and the public vis-à-vis government foreign policy. The model is then applied to the United States during the Bosnian crisis (1992—1995), by examining commentary and editorials from The Washington Post and Wall Street Journal, news headlines from USA Today and Washington Times, and public opinion data.The findings and conclusions regarding strong and significant correlations among media content, public opinion, and policy clarify the different roles of the press during various stages of an international crisis. They shed new light on scholars' and practitioners' understanding of the complex nature of theses relationships, during both times of crisis and more generally.
January 2006
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202 Reads
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24 Citations
28 Reads
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7 Citations
... Yet, the debate remained largely inconclusive as to the behavioral consequences or US oreign policy and its global leadership role: Under unipolarity, hegemonic powers might become satised with the status quo or revisionist, they might provide global public goods (or not), they might have more control over outcomes or be more constrained (ibid., 13-18). Last not least, domestic politics might matter more under unipolarity, precisely because the constraints o the international system are less signicant or the hegemonic power (ibid., 18-20; see also Snyder et al. 2011). ...
September 2011
... 9). With this diagnosis of increasing partisanship come dire predictions about the possibility of a "coherent" foreign policy (Wiarda and Skelly 2006, pg. 1). 2 1 For similar claims, see (Beinart 2008;Wiarda and Skelly 2006;Kupchan 2003Kupchan , 2002Trubowitz and Mellow 2005;Mellow and Trubowitz 2005;Leach 2006;Daschle 1996;Shapiro and Bloch-Elkon 2008). Others challenge these claims (e.g., Busby and Monten 2008;Parent and Bafumi 2008). ...
January 2008
... The existing literature (Nacos 2016;Nacos and Bloch-Elkon 2011; O'Loughlin 2016) has widely described how the media and terrorism are in a "symbiotic" relationship (Schmid 1989;Spencer 2010, 5). Margaret Thatcher (as quoted in Spencer 2010, 5) famously argued that the media provide terrorism with the "oxygen of publicity". ...
January 2011
... These effects include but are not limited to increased anxiety, anger, fear, and sadness. 16 Additional studies have found that terrorist attacks can create and enhance posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, affect substance abuse issues, create work disruptions, and generate fear regarding public safety and public spaces. 17 Prior scholarship has also demonstrated that terrorist attacks that are carried out against symbolic targets (i.e., targets that are considered sacred or important) can elicit more profound emotional responses by leaders and citizens. ...
June 2011
Public Opinion Quarterly
... the Republican Party will expectedly drive the partisan conflict to the higher levels (Balcilar, Saint Akadiri, Gupta & Miller, 2019 Generally, the role of partisan conflict in the United States has been examined within the concept of stock market volatility (Gupta, Pierdzioch, Selmi & Wohar, 2018), investment (Azzimonti, 2018), income inequality (Balcilar, at al., 2019), and other government policies (Shapiro & Bloch-Elkon, 2005;Cheng, Hankins & Chiu, 2016). ...
... In the last few decades, however, there now appears to be one exception to these parallel publics. On many issues, public opinion among Democrats and Republicans has begun to diverge over time, potentially indicating differential partisan responses to the ongoing flow of events and information (Shapiro & Bloch-Elkon, 2006). ...
January 2006
... This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License According to framing theory, the media actively creates frames of reference that readers or viewers use to interpret political events (Tuchman, 1978). The fact that the media emphasize a particular issue and provide explanations about the causes and consequences of events contributes to the formation of news frames (Bloch-Elkon, 2007). The main elements of framing include tools like main and sub-headings, photographs, statistics, and graphics, which enhance the effectiveness of message delivery (Tankard, 2001). ...
October 2007
The International Journal of Press/Politics
... The literature in political science shows that partisans have both confirmation bias (bias for the information that is consistent with their political leanings) and disconfirmation bias (bias against disconfirming information) (Taber & Lodge, 2006). Therefore, the biased information processing may cause individuals with different partisan preferences to view the same information differently (Gaines et al., 2007;Jerit & Barabas, 2012;Shapiro & Bloch-Elkon, 2008). The impact of partisan biases also extends to financial markets, influencing financial decision-making processes (Kempf et al., 2021). ...
March 2008
Critical Review
... After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, people were worried about further terrorist activities inside the U.S. They were highly concerned about the physical threat to themselves and their families (Nacos, Bloch-Elkon & Shapiro, 2008). ...
January 2008
... Focusing largely on the behavior of members of Congress, some studies highlight a rise in polarization on international issues over the past several decades that mirrors the broader changes in American politics (McCormick and Wittkopf 1990;Kupchan and Trubowitz 2007;Lapinski 2013;Alduncin et al. 2017;Jeong and Quirk 2019;Friedrichs 2021). Other work points to particular inflection points that involved an erosion of bipartisan consensus, such as the Vietnam War or the end of the Cold War (Meernik 1993;Prins and Marshall 2001;DeLaet and Scott 2006;Lee 2009;Snyder et al. 2009). Scholars have also documented how polarization and partisanship affect the foreign policy actions, appointments, and rhetoric of lawmakers and the president, contrary to the old adage that politics stops "at the water's edge" (Howell and Pevehouse 2007;Flores-Macías and Kreps 2013;Hildebrandt et al. 2013;Flynn 2014;Kriner 2014). ...
January 2009
World Politics