Y. N. Havaldar’s research while affiliated with University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad and other places

The study was undertaken during 2010-2011 with objective to understand the entrepreneurial characteristics and decision making pattern of farm women in livestock production activities promoted under Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation (BAIF) in Tumkur district of Karnataka. A total of 120 respondents from six villages were interviewed by administering the standardized interview schedule. The results revealed that comparatively more number of respondents were found in low mass media use (51.66%) and medium extension participation (45.83%). Significantly large proportion of respondents were found in medium level of achievement motivation (47.50%), economic motivation (64.16%), and risk orientation (76.66%). Farm women dominated in decision making of livestock produce to be sold (82.50%), availing loans (75.00%), selection of animals/breed (62.50%) and medical care (59.16%). Thus, the results of the study brings to focus that, the concerned agencies, development departments and others should focus more on farm women empowerment by providing required infrastructural facilities and other necessary help in effective implementation of livestock practices by farm women.

Cashew is one of the most important dollar earning crops of the country. The quantity of export of cashew kernel had registered a growth of 5.71% per annum. This was made possible both due to increased export to countries of import and changes in composition of India's cashew kernel exports to various destinations. The paper quantifies the changing structure of cashew kernel exports in order to understand the dynamics of changes and the growth rate analysis. The growth rate analysis reveals that, UAE shows the highest growth rate and the countries like USA, Netherland, UK show the negative growth rates. The markov chain model was used to assess the transition probabilities for the major cashew kernel export from India. The result revealed that, the country USA was the highest probability of reduction (0.87) compare to all other countries. The forecasted values for, the countries UAE and 'other countries' show the increasing trend and the countries like USA, UK, Netherland, Japan and France show the decreasing trend.

A differential study was carried out on 140 respondents belonging to 60 years and above age group living in old age homes (n=65) and with family (n=75) and the sample was randomly selected from Hubli-Dharwad city, Karnataka with an objective to compare the level of subjective well-being among institutionalized and non-institutionalized senior citizens and to know the factors influencing subjective well-being among both senior citizens. Results of the study revealed that institutionalized senior citizens had more of well-being and non-institutionalized had more of overall subjective well-being and ill-being status. Among institutionalized, education (along with gender and age) and age (socio-economic status, financial support and family type) significantly influenced the well-being and ill-being respectively. Education (along with age, socio-economic status and financial support) and gender (along with age, socio-economic status and financial support) significantly influenced the illbeing status of non-institutionalized senior citizens. It was interesting to note that none of the variables significantly influenced the well-being status.