Xinxin Zhu’s research while affiliated with IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center and other places

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Publications (15)


An adaptable and scalable group access control scheme for managing wireless sensor networks
  • Article

May 2013

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50 Reads

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10 Citations

Telematics and Informatics

Fan Wu

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Xinxin Zhu

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Access control is a prime technology to prevent unauthorized access to private information, which is one of the essential issues appearing in secure group communication (SGC) of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Many studies have made good progress on access control; however, their methods are inadequate to cope with this new issue for SGC-based WSNs since of their inflexibility, inefficiency, insecurity, or small-scale.This paper, based on cryptographic theory, develops a scheme to manage the group access key used in SGC-based WSNs. In comparison with previous studies, the proposed method provides two main advantages. First, regarding adaptability, the administrator can assign access privilege flexibly, regardless of whether the relation among entities is hierarchical, peer-to-peer or heterogeneous. Second, regarding scalability, when an entity joins or leaves such a WSN, the administrator can re-generate the secure filter function alone and then send it to the entities (i.e., sensor nodes or base stations). While receiving this new secure filter function, the existing entities merely need to compute hash computation once to obtain the updating group access key, despite operating in an incremental system with a large number of entities.


Leverage user experience through social networking to improve health adherence

April 2013

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42 Reads

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1 Citation

Patient adherence is an important factor in improving health outcomes. However, as one of the causes of increasing population with chronic diseases, low adherence has become a major health care issue globally. Often, due to deferred benefits of treatment or lifestyle recommendations, many fail to adhere to their treatment regimen or health plans given by care providers until their conditions deteriorate. As poor adherence remains a significant yet inadequately addressed problem of severe health issues, it is critical to create effective interventions as part of the solutions. Previous studies have suggested that peer supports be effective to improve adherence, and social cognitive theories have indicated that personal realization and confidence enhanced through entertaining gaming elements could encourage behavior change. To understand how different motivation factors affect user experience through social networking, a health care adherence website with built-in behavior analyses was constructed to conduct experiments. Users' health adherence levels can be reported to the website and shared among consenting social members for discussion or competition. Key design and development components are illustrated through the case study, including a social gaming and learning portal, an engineering approach to supporting different application scenarios, and information interventions based on predefined rules to achieve effective adherence. The preliminary analysis showed that people using social media for health care adherence may be motivated differently and act strategically during their social interactions. \


Designing a web-based behavior motivation tool for healthcare compliance

January 2013

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129 Reads

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17 Citations

Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing

As one of the causes of increasing population with chronic diseases, low compliance with healthy lifestyle has been a major challenge in the healthcare industry. Not seeing immediate positive outcomes, many people became frustrated and stopped adhering to health plans that offer long-term benefits. Studies have suggested that peer supports are effective to improve compliance, and social cognitive theories have indicated that personal realization and confidence enhanced through entertaining gaming elements could encourage behavior change. In this study, we propose a web-based behavior motivation tool to help improve patients' health compliance based on previous work and theories. Key components in our service design are illustrated through a case study, including a social gaming and learning portal, an engineering approach to support different application scenarios, and information interventions based on predefined rules to achieve effective compliance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


From Clinical Requirement to Personalized Wellness Decision Support: A Data-driven Framework for Computer-Supported Guideline Refinement.

August 2012

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14 Reads

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4 Citations

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

Personalized wellness decision support has gained significant attention, owing to the shift to a patient-centric paradigm in healthcare domains, and the consequent availability of a wealth of patient-related data. Despite the success of data-driven analytics in improving practice outcome, there is a gap towards their deployment in guideline-based practice. In this paper we report on findings related to computer-supported guideline refinement, which maps a patient's guideline requirements to personalized recommendations that suit the patient's current context. In particular, we present a novel data-driven personalization framework, casting the mapping task as a statistical decision problem in search of a solution to maximize expected utility. The proposed framework is well suited to produce personalized recommendations based on not only clinical factors but contextual factors that reflect individual differences in non-clinical settings. We then describe its implementation within the guideline-based clinical decision support system and discuss opportunities and challenges looking forward.


Leveraging social media for preventive care- A gamification system and insights

August 2012

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472 Reads

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26 Citations

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

Patient compliance is an important factor in improving health outcomes. However, due to deferred benefits of treatment or lifestyle recommendations, patients often fail to comply with their medication, therapy or simply exercise or diet advice given by care providers until their health conditions deteriorate. As poor adherence remains a significant yet inadequately addressed health issue, it is critical to create effective interventions as part of the solutions. Previous studies indicate that peer supporting and social gaming can be useful for improving compliance. To understand how different motivation factors affect user behavior through social media, a healthcare compliance website with built-in behavior analyses was constructed to conduct experiments. Users' health compliance levels can be reported to the website and shared among consenting social members for discussion or competition. The theoretic models for behavior analyses include Maslow's hierarchy of needs and psychological game theory. The preliminary analysis showed that people using social media for healthcare compliance may be motivated differently and act strategically during their social interactions.


Citations (13)


... For lab-to-field generalizability, the model was tested on a third group of participants who collected data in field settings [29]. A further step toward real-world applicability involved training AI models directly on growing volumes of field data and testing them on the same participants using 10-fold cross-validation or cross-subject validation [47,90]. This approach posed significant challenges due to the inherent noise and variability in real-world data, making model development more complex. ...

Reference:

Pulse-PPG: An Open-Source Field-Trained PPG Foundation Model for Wearable Applications Across Lab and Field Settings
Investigating the Role of Context in Perceived Stress Detection in the Wild
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • October 2018

... One key challenge is reliable data collection of physiological data in the wild [9], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]. Most of the prior studies relied on dedicated wearable HR sensors (e.g., Polar H7 and Bioharness) as shown in Fig. 1, which are bulky and inconvenient to wear [9], [17], [18]. ...

StressHacker: Towards Practical Stress Monitoring in the Wild with Smartwatches
  • Citing Article
  • Full-text available
  • April 2018

AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings / AMIA Symposium. AMIA Symposium

... Previous studies have used PPG sensors to monitor stress signals with these sensors primarily located at the ear [26][27][28] and wrist [29][30][31][32][33][34]. In those studies, heart rate variability (HRV) was the most used health parameter for stress assessment because it is sensitive to variations in psychological and physical well-being and can distinguish between healthy and unhealthy individuals. ...

cHRV Uncovering Daily Stress Dynamics Using Bio-Signal from Consumer Wearables
  • Citing Article
  • January 2017

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

... With rising numbers of mental disorders worldwide, maintaining well-being has become an important public health issue [1], with a special focus on untreated cases [2]. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in investigating ways to improve well-being in everyday situations in order to prevent mental disorders [3,4]. Especially interventions aimed at improving well-being in moments when a person is susceptible to a deteriorating mental state, a so-called state of vulnerability, have shown great promise [5,6]. ...

Towards Precision Stress Management: Design and Evaluation of a Practical Wearable Sensing System for Monitoring Everyday Stress
  • Citing Article
  • September 2017

Iproceedings

... This implies that any electronic devices that can be worn on a person's body can be classified as wearables since they have wireless communication capabilities that can be integrated into gadgets, accessories, or clothing (Nahavandi, et al., 2021). However, Zhu and Cahan (2016) build on this definition by referring to wearable devices based on their built-in sensors that track users' movements, location and provide biometric identification. This is in addition to wearable technology capabilities to capture and transfer data to cloud storage through wireless communication synched with the smartphone ). ...

Wearable Technologies and Telehealth in Care Management for Chronic Illness
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2016

... The approach described is only one instance of how user-generated health-related data could add value to research and support public health measures [3]. Moreover, this kind of real-world data can support the development of pharmaceutical innovation, accelerate rare disease diagnosis, and improve chronic disease treatment [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. ...

Curating and Integrating Data from Multiple Sources to Support Healthcare Analytics
  • Citing Article
  • August 2015

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

... From the accumulated evidence in the past, self-monitoring has been shown to be good for activation, but not enough for sustaining behavior [44]. More frequent feedback has been expected as an effective counter strategy to address barriers such as stress level, lack of social support, and discomfort with recording that can affect adherence to self-monitoring [45,46]. However, as pointed out in [47], in the area of mobile health, only a limited number of mHealth apps integrated health behavior theory and left room for future work. ...

Dynamic and accretive composition of patient engagement instruments for personalized plan generation
  • Citing Article
  • June 2014

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

... Medical apps (similar to medical devices) that monitor, control, or transform data that represent a patient's physiological parameters, and therefore form an integral part of medical examinations (apps that measure blood pressure or perform eye examinations, help patients to manage chronic diseases, or calculate the correct dose of insulin for diabetics). Health apps that work on a patient's motivation for self care [24]. They can give access to clinical information, which supports the sharing of images of injuries, or they can comprise clinical diaries integrated with the healthcare provider. ...

Designing a web-based behavior motivation tool for healthcare compliance
  • Citing Article
  • January 2013

Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing

... Silva et al. applied embedded acceleration sensors to a dancing game to assess players' risk of fall [45]. Some systems used short messaging service (SMS) and social networking functions to enable users to manage their bodies and mental conditions themselves [30,34]. Some case-specific support applications for monitoring the health of obese people [16], pediatric asthma patients [51], and persons requiring surgical pain therapy [42] have also been proposed. ...

Leverage user experience through social networking to improve health adherence
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • April 2013

... In some of the studies, a foundation of the study was provided before the actual (further) development of the EHR. This included, for example, literature reviews [47,61,63,68,90], pilot-testing of the design [52], pilot-testing of the survey [81] or interview guide [47,51,68], a review of 12 different EHRs [57] as well as training with the software in advance [76,77,83,103,107], and the presentation of learning videos [91]. ...

Clinicians’ Evaluation of Computer-Assisted Medication Summarization of Electronic Medical Records
  • Citing Article
  • December 2013

Computers in Biology and Medicine