April 2023
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Acta Ecologica Sinica
In this paper, we introduce a new plant phenological index called the Plant Phenological Index (PI), which is based on the visibility of plants, communities, and ecosystems. We evaluate and assess Zhang's Phenological Index using field observations of Alpine Shrub and Alpine Meadow vegetation in the Haibei Alpine Ecosystem Research Station in the Northwest Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Zhang's PI provides a two-dimensional representation of plant phenological status based on the accumulation of PI area over time intervals. Two phenological variables, the Phenological Average Ratio (PAR) and Lasted Days (LD), are used to describe the plant phenology. The LD can overlap when a certain percentage of the plant population has a nutritional stage that lasts longer than one additional phenological stage or occurs between two phenological stages. The standard deviations of observed plant species represent population variations. Our review of the PI's application for phenology studies on Alpine Shrub and Alpine Meadow vegetation suggests that it offers a way to measure and compare plant phenology at various levels-population, community, and ecosystem. We find that plant phenological changes during the Start of Status (SOS) and the End of Status (SOS) are significantly constrained by environmental factors in the Alpine Plateau ecoregion. However, in the summer season, environmental factors have a uniform impact on plant phenology. Zhang's PI can be used for climate change research by altering warming temperatures, water conditions, and nutrient levels. We also discuss the potential of applying Zhang's PI to global warming research. Additionally, the Seasonal Phenological Index (SPI) can be described on a regional scale and used with ASOS, SEOS, SPAR, and SLD features. Overall, the PI and its related features provide a valuable tool for studying and monitoring plant phenology in different environments.