Xin Zhou's research works | Gansu Agricultural University and other places

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Double infection of Nicotiana benthamiana with AMV and WCMV increases both virus concentrations and synergistically changes both host organelle ultrastructure and chlorophyll content

Article

September 2024

13 Reads

1 Citation

Microbial Pathogenesis

Standard curves of the target gene and internal gene. (A) Standard curves of the target gene AMV CP show that the amplification efficiency was 0.9849 with an average standard error of 0.2082. (B) Standard curves of the target gene WCMV CP show that the amplification efficiency was 0.9904 with an average standard error of 0.0992. (C) Standard curves of the internal gene 25S rRNA show that the amplification efficiency was 0.9986 with an average standard error of 0.0779. (D) Standard curves of the internal gene β-Actin show that the amplification efficiency was 1.0360 with an average standard error of 0.1325. R² is a statistic used to measure the degree to which the independent variable explains the change in the dependent variable. When R² approaches 1, it indicates that the independent variable can explain most of the change in the dependent variable’s ability; therefore, the regression equation fits the data well. And when R² approaches 0, the explanatory power of the independent variable compared to the dependent variable is weak, and the regression equation fits the data to a poor degree.

Relative accumulation of AMV CP and WCMV CP in N. benthamiana after AMV and WCMV co-infection. WCMV CP, relative accumulation of WCMV CP of WCMV single infection. AMV CP, relative accumulation of AMV CP of AMV single infection. WCMV CP (AMV:WCMV), relative accumulation of WCMV CP of AMV and WCMV co-infection. AMV CP (AMV:WCMV), relative accumulation of AMV CP of AMV and WCMV co-infection. (A) The 9 dpi samples were normalized to 1.0 for each treatment. The relative accumulation of AMV CP and WCMV CP at 15 dpi, 21 dpi, and 27 dpi was calculated. The different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level between AMV and WCMV co-infections and AMV or WCMV single infections at different times in the same treatment. (B) The WCMV single-infection samples were normalized to 1.0 each time (dpi). The relative accumulation of AMV CP and WCMV CP (AMV:WCMV) at 9 dpi, 15 dpi, 21 dpi, and 27 dpi was calculated. The different capital letters indicate significant differences at the 0.01 level between AMV and WCMV co-infection and AMV or WCMV single infection at different treatments at the same time.

Changes in photosynthetic pigment content of N. benthamiana after AMV and WCMV co-infection. (A) The changes in Ch1a content in N. benthamiana. (B) The changes in Ch1b content in N. benthamiana. (C) The changes in T-Ch1 content in N. benthamiana. (D) The changes in Car content in N. benthamiana. The different capital letters indicate significant differences at the 0.01 level between AMV and WCMV co-infection and AMV or WCMV single infection in different treatments at the same time, and the different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level between AMV and WCMV co-infection and AMV or WCMV single infection at different times in the same treatments.

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus and White Clover Mosaic Virus Combined Infection Leads to Chloroplast Destruction and Alterations in Photosynthetic Characteristics of Nicotiana benthamiana

August 2024

65 Reads

4 Citations

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is one of the most widely distributed viruses; it often exhibits combined infection with white clover mosaic virus (WCMV). Even so, little is known about the effects of co-infection with AMV and WCMV on plants. To determine whether there is a synergistic effect of AMV and WCMV co-infection, virus co-infection was studied by electron microscopy, the double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of AMV and WCMV co-infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Meanwhile, measurements were carried out on the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that the most severe disease development was induced by AMV and WCMV co-infection, and the disease grade was scale 7. N. benthamiana leaves induced mottled yellow-green alternating patterns, leaf wrinkling, and chlorosis, and chloroplasts were observed to be on the verge of disintegration. The relative accumulation of AMV CP and WCMV CP was significantly increased by 15.44-fold and 10.04-fold upon co-infection compared to that with AMV and WCMV single infection at 21 dpi. In addition, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, the net photosynthetic rate, the water use efficiency, the apparent electron transport rate, the PSII maximum photochemical efficiency, the actual photochemical quantum yield, and photochemical quenching were significantly reduced in leaves co-infected with AMV and WCMV compared to AMV- or WCMV-infected leaves and CK. On the contrary, the carotenoid content, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, minimal fluorescence value, and non-photochemical quenching were significantly increased. These findings suggest that there was a synergistic effect between AMV and WCMV, and AMV and WCMV co-infection severely impacted the normal function of photosynthesis in N. benthamiana.

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... Viral infections have been shown to adversely affect mitochondrial structure and functions, consequently impacting the metabolism and immune signaling pathways within the host [37]. Viruses have developed sophisticated mechanisms to target and manipulate these organelles, effectively hijacking the host's metabolic machinery for their own proliferation and survival [38]. Mitochondrial dynamics, the delicate balance between fission and fusion [39], is often disrupted during viral infections, leading to an imbalance that can promote viral replication and facilitate the evasion of host immune responses [40]. ...
Reference:
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: The Importance of Metabolism and Aging

Double infection of Nicotiana benthamiana with AMV and WCMV increases both virus concentrations and synergistically changes both host organelle ultrastructure and chlorophyll content

Citing Article
September 2024

Microbial Pathogenesis

... This suggests that viral infection inhibits PSII photochemical reactions and electron transfer, damages photosynthetic structures, and reduces photosynthetic rates. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of TuMV infection on the photosynthetic process in both IF1 and IF2 P. heterophylla, aligning with established virus-host interaction mechanisms [29][30][31]. Consequently, an analysis of yield and photosynthetic characteristics in two cycles of P. heterophylla post viral infection indicates that continuous virus transmission during vegetative propagation disrupts photosynthesis, leading to sustained reductions in yield and quality. Viral diseases propagate intracellularly via nuclear entry and systemic tissue invasion, inflicting cumulative cellular damage. ...
Reference:
Long-Term Effects of Vegetative-Propagation-Mediated TuMV-ZR Transmission on Yield, Quality, and Stress Resistance in Pseudostellaria heterophylla

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus and White Clover Mosaic Virus Combined Infection Leads to Chloroplast Destruction and Alterations in Photosynthetic Characteristics of Nicotiana benthamiana

Citing Article
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August 2024

Xin Zhou’s research while affiliated with Gansu Agricultural University and other places

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