Xilin Dou’s research while affiliated with Shanghai Ocean University and other places

Mercury ion (Hg2+), as one of the most poisonous heavy metal ions, could seriously damage mental and neurological functions thus causing severe diseases. A fluorescent ratiometric sensor based on semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) and rhodamine spirolactam derivate was developed for the detection of Hg2+. The Pdots were prepared by Poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-diphenylene-vinylene-2-methoxy-5-{2-ethylhexyloxy}-benzene)] (PDDB) with emitting strong green fluorescence. The organic fluorescence dye N-(rhodamine-B) lactam-hydrazine (RhBH), as Hg2+-recognizing monomer, was conjugated to the surface of Pdots. Hg2+ could specifically trigger ring-opening process of RhBH and thus induce strong Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect, resulting in the green fluorescence decrease of Pdots (energy donor) and red emission derived from the ring-opened RhBH (energy acceptor) increasing. PDDB@RhBH showed a sensitive and reversible response toward Hg2+ and had a great performance on resisting interferences from various biological analytes. Additionally, both fluorescent imaging in living cells and zebrafish, and systemic toxicity analysis in rats demonstrated that PDDB@RhBH was a great potential fluorescent sensor for quantitative Hg2+ imaging in living systems.

Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) that could contaminate agricultural products has received sustained attention due to its high toxicity and wide distribution. Therefore, sensitive and facile detection method for AFB1 is significant for food safety and control. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence NMOFs-Aptasensor was developed based on the combination of Cy3-modified aptamer and zirconium-based nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs). NMOFs served as energy donors, and Cy3 labeled on the AFB1 aptamer was used as an acceptor. An energy donor-acceptor pair was fabricated in the NMOFs-Aptasensor. With AFB1 selectively caught by the AFB1 aptamer, the fluorescence of the NMOFs-Aptasensor changed via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the fluorescence spectra changed accordingly. The ratiometric fluorescence signal was utilized to quantitatively measure AFB1. The reported NMOFs-Aptasensor presented great detection performance from 0 to 3.33 ng mL-1, with an LOD of 0.08 ng mL-1. Moreover, the fluorescence sensor was successfully applied to detect AFB1 in real samples.

Saxitoxin (STX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) are widely distributed and extremely harmful marine toxins, it is certainly worth to spend effort to develop facile methods to detect them in sea food for human safety. In this work, two nano-sensors were developed by combining with two zirconium fluorescence Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (NMOFs) with two emissions and TAMRA-labelled aptamers for STX and TTX sensing, respectively. The recognition of STX and TTX by these nano-sensors could change the structure of aptamer, which caused the blue or green emissions from NMOFs (energy donor) decreased while red emission from TAMRA-labelled aptamers (energy acceptor) increased owing to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect. Based on this strategy, NMOFs-Aptasensor 1 and NMOFs-Aptasensor 2 were developed for the ratiometric detection, with detection limits of 1.17 nM and 3.07 nM for STX and TTX, respectively. Moreover, NMOFs-Aptasensors displayed significant stability, pH-independence, selectivity and NMOFs-Aptasensors were successfully applied in shellfish sample for toxin sensing.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) ion, as highly toxic environmental pollution, severely endangers the ecological environment and public health. Herein, a fluorescent nanosensor (PFO-DPC) was constructed by combining semiconducting polymer dots with diphenylcarbazide (DPC) for sensing Cr (VI) ion in aqueous solution and living cells. DPC and poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA) polymer mixed with polyfluorene (PFO) were utilized for selectively indicating Cr (VI) ion and improving the efficiency of detection, respectively. The presence of Cr (VI) ion effectively turned off the blue and green fluorescence of PFO-DPC in the aqueous environment, and the fluorescence quenching efficiency exhibited a good linear relationship between the range of 0.0 to 2.31 nM (R2 = 0.983) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.16 nM. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching could possibly be attributed to the internal filtration effect (IFE). Additionally, PFO-DPC showed a satisfactory performance in monitoring intracellular Cr (VI) ion. Our results indicate that the sensor is promising in various applications.

Biological amines are organic nitrogen compounds that can be produced by the decomposition of spoiled food. As an important biological amine, histamine has played an important role in food safety. Many methods have been used to detect histamine in foods. Compared with traditional analysis methods, fluorescence sensors as an adaptable detection tool for histamine in foods have the advantages of low cost, convenience, less operation, high sensitivity, and good visibility. In terms of food safety, fluorescence sensors have shown great utilization potential. In this review, we will introduce the applications and development of fluorescence sensors in food safety based on various types of materials. The performance and effectiveness of the fluorescence sensors are discussed in detail regarding their structure, luminescence mechanism, and recognition mechanism. This review may contribute to the exploration of the application of fluorescence sensors in food-related work.

Food safety has attracted attention worldwide, and how to detect various kinds of hazardous substances in an efficient way has always been a focus. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of hybrid porous materials formed by organic ligand and metal ions. Nanoscale MOFs (NMOFs) exhibit great potential in serving as fluorescence sensors for food safety due to their superior properties including high accuracy, great stability, fast response, etc. In this review, we focus on the recent development of NMOFs sensing for food safety. Several typical methods of NMOFs synthesis are presented. NMOFs-based fluorescence sensors for contaminants and adulterants, such as antibiotics, food additives, ions and mycotoxin etc. are summarized, and the sensing mechanisms are also presented. We explore these challenges in detail and provide suggestions about how they may be surmounted. This review could help the exploration of NMOFs sensors in food related work.

Intracellular pH plays a significant role in all cell activities. Due to the precise imaging capabilities, fluorescent probes have attracted great attentions for the illustration of pH regulated processes. Detecting intracellular pH values with high throughput is critical for cell research and applications. In this work, hybrid semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) were developed and characterized, which were applied for cell imaging and exclusive ratiometric sensing intracellular pH values. The reported Pdots were prepared by blending a synthesized block polymer POMF and a semiconductor polymer MEHPPV, which could construct a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system for ratiometric sensing. Pdots showed great advantages including high brightness, excellent photostability and biocompatibility, that enabled the pH probe with high sensitivity and good stability. Our results proved the capability of POMF-MEHPPV Pdots could be used for the detection of pH in living cells.