Xiaoqiang Li’s research while affiliated with Peking University and other places

Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines. This integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various fields. This study explores the historical and sociological development of interdisciplinary research and maps its evolution through three distinct phases: pre-disciplinary, disciplinary, and post-disciplinary. It identifies key internal dynamics, such as disciplinary diversification, reorganization, and innovation, as primary drivers of this evolution. Additionally, this study highlights how external factors, particularly the urgency of World War II and the subsequent political and economic changes, have accelerated its advancement. The rise of interdisciplinary research has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms, promoting its integration across different educational levels. However, the inherent contradictions within interdisciplinary research present cognitive, emotional, and institutional challenges for researchers. Meanwhile, finding a balance between the breadth and depth of knowledge remains a critical challenge in interdisciplinary education.