Xiao Sun’s research while affiliated with Tsinghua University and other places

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Publications (2)


The Measurement and Simulation of Thermal Environment in Heritage Nanjing Tulou Buildings, China: A Comparative Study
  • Chapter

January 2014

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39 Reads

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2 Citations

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

Xiao Sun

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Qindi Li

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Xudong Yang

Introduction World Heritage Site—Nanjing Tulou buildings, which were composed of thick (about one meter) rammed earth walls and wooden frameworks, are large-scale civilian residential buildings distributed across the southeastern China. The characteristics of indoor thermal environment in Tulou buildings are, however, unavailable in the literature. Method In this study, the measurement of indoor thermal environment along with a survey of both thermal comfort and energy consumption in Nanjing Tulou buildings was taken, both in summer and in winter. Results Based on the measurement data obtained, in a typical summer day, when the maximum outdoor temperature reached 35.0 °C, the maximum indoor temperatures of three Tulou buildings were 28.0, 28.6, and 28.9 °C, respectively, lower than the maximum indoor temperature of a normal rural building in that region. In a typical winter day, when the minimum outdoor temperature reached 9.9 °C, the minimum indoor temperatures of three Tulou buildings were 15.8, 14.4, and 13.8 °C, respectively, higher than the minimum indoor temperature of a normal rural building. Meanwhile, through the survey, the results showed that the thermal comfort satisfaction was higher and average energy consumption per household was lower in Tulou buildings than in normal rural buildings, respectively. Discussion and conclusions A model was set up using DeST-h to simulate the indoor temperature trends under different circumstances. It could be concluded that the better indoor thermal environment of Tulou buildings benefited from walls of substantial thickness, large ventilation rates in summer, and better airtightness in winter. Inspired by this study, the potential implications for future low-energy rural housing construction were discussed.


Characterizing the household energy consumption in heritage Nanjing Tulou buildings, China: A comparative field survey study

June 2012

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87 Reads

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54 Citations

Energy and Buildings

World Heritage Site – Nanjing Tulou buildings, which were built of rammed earth and in a wooden framework, are large-scale civilian residential buildings distributed across the southeastern China. The information of energy consumption as well as its characteristics in Tulou buildings is however unavailable in the literature. In this study, a survey of energy consumption and indoor environmental quality in Nanjing Tulou buildings was conducted. Based on the data obtained by the survey and an energy consumption model, the characteristics of energy consumption, including energy consumption per household breakdown based on energy sources and usage, seasonal variation of energy consumption, and energy consumption distribution in Nanjing Tulou buildings were investigated by comparing the Tulou buildings with other normal rural buildings in that region. The results show that the total primary energy consumption per household in Nanjing Tulou buildings was 2.43 × 104 MJ/year, which was lower than that in normal rural buildings in the region (3.37 × 104 MJ/year). Furthermore, residents in Nanjing Tulou buildings responded with better thermal comfort than that in normal rural buildings. The reasons for the characteristics of energy consumption in Tulou buildings, such as influence of cooling and heating requirements and human behavior, were analyzed. The potential energy savings as well as the implications for future low-energy rural housing construction were discussed.

Citations (2)


... The heat transfer coefficient of a 1.2 m thick wall is about 0.831 W/(m 2 ·K) [35], and this earth-based material requires more heat to change its temperature than low-density materials like wood [36]. Low thermal insulation and large thermal mass that the rammedearth walls provide create a stable indoor environment [37]. In fact, indoor temperature fluctuations in a Tulou are more moderate than the outdoor temperature and are even lower than those in a modern rural building constructed with concrete or brick. ...

Reference:

Environmental Adaptations for Achieving Sustainable Regeneration: A Conceptual Design Analysis on Built Heritage Fujian Tulous
The Measurement and Simulation of Thermal Environment in Heritage Nanjing Tulou Buildings, China: A Comparative Study
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2014

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

... Furthermore, to assess the operational energy of historic buildings, most research has used quantitative methods such as measurements and energy modelling [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. In contrast, research using qualitative methods is scarce, with only a few studies relying on questionnaires and personal communication [43][44][45][46]. ...

Characterizing the household energy consumption in heritage Nanjing Tulou buildings, China: A comparative field survey study
  • Citing Article
  • June 2012

Energy and Buildings