Xian Zhang's research while affiliated with University of North Texas and other places

... Therefore, when compared to our country, China has indeed grown by leaps and bounds in recent decades, and they have developed in all aspects rapidly. Therefore, we need to learn English well and fully absorb the strengths of foreign countries [16][17][18]. However, in the process of self-learning English, there are often serious problems such as non-standard pronunciation, inaccurate reading of voice information, and inaccurate control of the degree of self-learning. ...

... In the L2 vocabulary literature, a great number of metacognitive, cognitive, and social strategies are considered important for vocabulary learning and development, including self-regulation (Tseng et al., 2006), self-initiation (Gu & Johnson, 1996), verbally interacting with capable others (Wang, 2015), finding ways to encounter new words (M. Fan, 2003), consulting dictionaries (S. Zhang et al., 2021), analyzing word parts (Wei, 2015), guessing from context (Nassaji, 2006), taking notes (Jin & Webb, 2021), and associating related words (X. Zhang & Lu, 2015). ...

... Moreover, ought-to self is mainly anxiety-provoking as shown by the findings of the present study and others (e.g., Papi, 2010), which may reduce learners' enjoyment. However, this finding is contrast with some other studies reporting a positive relationship between ought-to self and enjoyment (see Pan & Zhang, 2021). This positive association could be due to the fact that learners, especially in collectivistic cultures, may seek social approval from their parents and teachers , which makes them enjoy the learning process. ...

... They found that aural vocabulary knowledge is a more powerful predictor of L2 listening comprehension as compared to written receptive vocabulary knowledge and lexical segmentation. On the other hand, Li et al., (2020) reported that phraseological knowledge, the knowledge of formulaic sequences (Kremmel et al., 2017), explained some of the unique variance in L2 listening comprehension above and beyond aural vocabulary knowledge. ...

... Teachers are, therefore, encouraged to utilise alternative self-assessment (SA) and peerassessment (PA) which allow students to become actively involved in learning and assessment and develop a sense of self-regulated and cooperative learning (Al-Mahrooqi & Denman, 2018;Oscarson, 2013;Topping, 2013). Despite having long been studied and used, SA and PA have gained even greater attention and an ever-growing research interest in the fields of language teaching and assessment (Andrade, 2019;Li & Zhang, 2021;Ross, 1998). ...

... To this end, the primary objective of this project was to introduce the students to English as a foreign language as well as to develop their knowledge of English vocabulary. Theoretically, such knowledge is necessary to help the students develop a higher level of mastery in English subsequently (Nation & Hunston, 2013;Zhang & Zhang, 2022). ...

... Bibliometric analysis is one of the most basic methods for conducting a systematic review of a large number of publications [37,38]. By analysing trends in publications, such as publisher productivity, publishing dates and locations, and patterns of citation and reference in the literature, bibliometrics may quantitatively evaluate scientific publications and give insights into a field [39]. Bibliometrics has been broadly utilised to analyse patterns in a researcher's or field of study's studies, substantiate the impact of a researcher's or field's research, uncover new and developing fields of research, locate potential research partners, and find relevant sources to publish [39][40][41][42]. ...

... Learning a foreign language is a highly complex process that inevitably involves different negative emotions. Anxiety or the "worry and negative emotional reaction aroused when learning or using a second language" (Macintyre, 1999, p. 27) as well as its detrimental effects have received considerable attention in applied linguistics research (see Teimouri et al., 2019;Zhang, 2019). According to the attentional control theory (ACT) (Eysenck et al., 2007), anxiety hinders cognitive processing performance due to its damaging effect on attentional control in working memory, which can make learners more vulnerable to task-irrelevant stimuli or distractors. ...

... The ARC Nonword Database (Rastle et al., 2002) was used to generate 75 five-letter nonwords, which had only orthographically existing onsets, only orthographically existing bodies, and were only legal bigrams. A minimum neighburhood size was set at 4 and the summed frequency of orthographic and phonological neighburs was set to 0 as per Zhang et al. (2020). Thirty (30) of these nonwords were selected and assigned to their English and Japanese meanings (see Appendix A). ...

... In L2 listening research, researchers have mostly used WAT or its revised formats to assess depth of vocabulary knowledge (e.g., Li & Zhang, 2019;Staehr, 2009;Teng, 2016). Concerning the relationship between depth of vocabulary knowledge and L2 listening comprehension, Mecartty (2000) examined the role of vocabulary knowledge and grammatical knowledge and found that only vocabulary knowledge contributed to listening comprehension (r = .38). ...