X. Zhou’s scientific contributions

To guide the industrial development, it is an important way to grasp industry rules and apply these rules scientifically through establishing development modes. Development modes and integrated modes of protected agriculture engineering in China are featured with complexity and diversity, which means great difficulty in technical route choice and formation of outputs, therefore few authoritative and systematic modes are achieved. The open complicated giant system of dynamic horticultural facilities was reverted to 3 subsystems module, such as technology, organization and industry by using constructive methods of engineering integrative mode for protected horticulture. Based on the investigation and analysis of development modes for protected horticulture in more than 20 provinces, the characteristics of the subsystems were standardized by refining, induction and abstract, then they were overall coupled into integrative mode, which was given and expressed in modular way. There are 27 types of modular modes for protected horticulture in China. Nine modes with good representative and growth were selected as the evaluation modes. The nine kinds of mode are respectively the fragmentation of technology mode under spontaneous environment and farmer organization, the fragmentation of technology mode under spontaneous environment and cooperation organization, the large-scale technology mode under spontaneous environment and enterprise organization, the fragmentation of technology mode under market environment and farmer organization, the large-scale technology mode under market environment and farmer organization, the fragmentation of technology mode under market environment and cooperation organization, the large-scale technology mode under market environment and cooperation organization, the large-scale technology mode under market environment and enterprise organization, and the professional technology mode under the market environment and the enterprise organization. Then, decision-making and strategic analysis tools were taken as an example, on the basis of the specific period building model elements for dynamic evaluation, the characteristics and evolution regularity of modes in different periods was explored. Thereby, it provides a theoretical support and practical tool for evaluation, selection and optimization of general-specific mode. Dynamic matrix of 'advancement and reality' evaluation for the current mode and the forward mode was built by using Portfolio strategy analysis tools GE Mckinsey matrix principle. The market competitiveness (bargaining power, average yield, quality level), the anti-risk capability (anti-natural risk, anti-market risk, financing capacity), the sustainability (social sustainability, environmental sustainability), the market environment (convenience of linked-up market, price of affordability, trust of customer), the policy environment (completeness of policy, performance of policy, fund), the element environment (technical supply, human guarantee, land supply) were chosen for the evaluation indicators. Finally, three types of macro modes of protected horticulture in China, which should be developed and studied in the next eight to ten years, were evolved according to the evaluation matrix. Respectively, the first type was the large-scale technology mode under the market environment and cooperation organization; the second type was the large-scale technology mode under the market environment and the enterprise organization; the third type was the professional technology mode under the market environment and the enterprise organization. The results of the study will not only play an important role in the development of protected horticulture in current and future period in China, but also offer a new reference for the routes, methods and tools of the study of integrated mode in other areas of agricultural engineering.

Protected horticultural technology in China has being developed into a system with more and more completely systematic characteristics and has being become the most active element in the development of the industry. As a fundamental critical study for revealing the characteristics of protected horticultural technology system, improving the discipline construction and instructing the scientific research and technique extension, technology classification was in need of the methodology and practice study to guide the comprehensive coordination and sustainable development of protected agricultural engineering technology based on understanding the different contradiction and special motion of different technical objects. Based on the generalized conception and generalized elements of protected agricultural engineering technology, 4 level line classification method was put forward, which identified the attributes of technical chain, technology link, technology function and technology measures of the protected agricultural engineering technology respectively, through the analysis of the content and features of protected agricultural engineering technology, and existing technical classification methods, by following the systematic rules of hierarchy, stability, openness, and reality. The facility horticultural technology was taken as an example to validate classification method. The results showed that the method could comparatively reflect the engineering technology panorama of protected agricultural and reveal the structure and functional characteristics of the technology system. This research provides reference and theoretical support for the discipline development, technological innovation as well as industrial upgrading.

Protected horticulture, with a rapid increasement of investment and scale, is becoming more and more important in the agricultural modernization process of China. But problems with protected horticulture from both macro-view and micro-view are also more and more serious. Constructing a scientifical, integrated and systemic engineering integrative mode to direct and support the development of protected horticultural industry becomes a key approach to optimize the industry's development mode. This paper altered the mode constructing process to the process of a complex system and organization establishment. A systematic methodology was established through tools of systematics and method of combing reductionism with holism, self-organization with hetero-organization. The systematic methodology can be applied to construct integrative modes of technology, organization or industry, which is suitable for different levels of protected horticulture operating subjects such as growers, organizations and governments. Furthermore, an elementary evaluation indicator system for the engineering integrative mode was established. The study will lay methodological foundation for the construction of protected horticultural engineering integrative mode and effectively guide relative research and industry development of Chinese protected horticulture. The result will not only serve as reference for protected agriculture research, but also provide theoretics support for establishment of modern agricultural engineering system.