William Murtha's research while affiliated with University of Alberta and other places

... 2 Direct observation with criteria, such as checklists and global rating scales, may improve the assessment of technical skill by reducing observer bias. 3 Within anesthesiology, construct validity has been established for a variety of task-specific checklists and global rating scales. 3,4 Checklists measure expertise by separating the technical skill into its smallest component tasks and recording whether the task is completed. ...

... Since then its use has expanded and now has become a standard intraoperative diagnostic tool for the management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery [80] as well as other major surgical procedures like lung transplantation, liver transplantation, and aortocardiac surgical patients where it often provides new and important information about pathology and may guide both surgical and anesthetic therapy. [81,82] TOE is also useful in guiding therapy in hemodynamically unstable patients in the operating room, and in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), as simple TOE view can distinguish the hypotensive patients from the one with primary pump failure. But, no evidence supporting this practice is available. ...

... At rest, LVOTO is associated with limiting symptoms (dyspnea, angina, syncope) and a worse prognosis (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Variable phenotypic penetrance and symptoms may sometimes result in the diagnosis being established when affected individuals reach adulthood with severe myocardial dysfunction at pre-sentation (20)(21)(22). An instantaneous Doppler LVOTG of ≥ 30 mmHg is considered significant, and such patients are classified as having the obstructive form of the disease. ...