Werner Marx's research while affiliated with Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research and other places
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Publications (128)
Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS) is a bibliometric method originally introduced to reveal the historical roots of research topics or fields. RPYS does not identify the most highly cited papers of the publication set being studied (as is usually done by bibliometric analyses in research evaluation), but instead it indicates most freque...
Climate change is an ongoing topic in nearly all areas of society since many years. A discussion of climate change without referring to scientific results is not imaginable. This is especially the case for policies since action on the macro scale is required to avoid costly consequences for society. In this study, we deal with the question of how r...
RPYS is a bibliometric method originally introduced in order to reveal the historical roots of research topics or fields. RPYS does not identify the most highly cited papers of the publication set being studied (as is usually done by bibliometric analyses in research evaluation), but instead it indicates most frequently referenced publications - ea...
Climate change is an ongoing topic in nearly all areas of society since many years. A discussion of climate change without referring to scientific results is not imaginable. This is especially the case for policies since action on the macro scale is required to avoid costly consequences for society. In this study, we deal with the question of how r...
We analyzed 3344 publications concerned with the health-related effects of resveratrol that occurs in wine and grapes. We discovered that publication activity increased until 2010 and decreased slightly afterwards. The most frequent author keywords were classified into six groups: (1) beverage-related keywords, (2) compound-related keywords, (3) di...
We analyzed 3344 publications that are concerned with the health-related effects of resveratrol that occurs in wine and grapes. We found that the publication activity increased until 2010 and decreased slightly afterwards. The most frequent author keywords were classified into six groups: (1) beverages-related keywords, (2) compounds-related keywor...
Research on heat waves (periods of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity) is a newly emerging research topic within the field of climate change research with high relevance for the whole of society. In this study, we analyzed the rapidly growing scientific literature dealing with heat waves. No summarizing overview has...
Research on heat waves (periods of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity) is a newly emerging research topic within the field of climate change research with high relevance for the whole of society. In this study, we analyzed the rapidly growing scientific literature dealing with heat waves. No summarizing overview has...
Retrospective evaluations of the historical role of previously published research are often fraught with subjective bias and misrepresentation, which leads to contested scientific claims. This paper investigates the historical roots of infant pain management using novel quantitative methods to identify the published literature and evaluate its rela...
The well-known “Thomas theorem” in sociology is defined as follows: “if men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences” (Thomas and Thomas, The child in America, Knopf, Oxford, 1928, p. 572). The theorem focuses on “objective consequences of human subjectivity” (Sztompka, Robert K. Merton: An intellectual profile, Macmillan Educ...
Bibliometric information retrieval in databases can employ different strategies. Commonly, queries are performed by searching in title, abstract and/or author keywords (author vocabulary). More advanced queries employ database keywords to search in a controlled vocabulary. Queries based on search terms can be augmented with their citing papers if a...
Twitter accounts have already been used in many scientometric studies, but the meaningfulness of the data for societal impact measurements in research evaluation has been questioned. Earlier research focused on social media counts and neglected the interactive nature of the data. We explore a new network approach based on Twitter data in which we c...
Since the introduction of the reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS) method and the corresponding programme CRExplorer, many studies have been published revealing the historical roots of topics, fields and researchers. The application of the method was restricted up to now by the available memory of the computer used for running the CRExplo...
![Fig. 2. RPYS-CO analysis using papers co-cited with Becke [9] for the...](profile/Robin_Haunschild/publication/330553370/figure/fig1/AS:754393527889925@1556872841747/RPYS-CO-analysis-using-papers-co-cited-with-Becke-9-for-the-time-frame-1950-1990-The_Q320.jpg)
Bibliometric information retrieval in databases can employ different strategies. Commonly, queries are performed by searching in title, abstract and/or author keywords (author vocabulary). More advanced queries employ database keywords to search in a controlled vocabulary. Queries based on search terms can be augmented with their citing papers if a...
This bibliometric analysis deals with research on the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire in connection with climate change. Based on the Web of Science (WoS) database, we applied a combination of three different search queries for retrieving the relevant literature: (1) on the decline and fall of the Roman Empire in general, (2) more spec...
Twitter accounts have already been used in many scientometrics studies, but the meaningfulness of the data for societal impact measurements in research evaluation has been questioned. Earlier research has compared social media counts with citations. We explore a novel network approach in which we compare author keywords to Twitter hashtags as indic...
Bibliometrics plays an increasingly important role in research evaluation. However, no gold standard exists for a set of reliable and valid (field-normalized) impact indicators in research evaluation. This opinion paper recommends that bibliometricians develop and analyze these impact indicators against the backdrop of Popper's critical rationalism...
Since the introduction of the reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS) method and the corresponding program CRExplorer, many studies have been published revealing the historical roots of topics, fields, and researchers. The application of the method was restricted up to now by the available memory of the computer used for running the CRExplor...
Bibliometrics plays an increasingly important role in research evaluation. However, no gold standard exists for a set of reliable and valid (field-normalized) impact indicators in research evaluation. This opinion paper recommends that bibliometricians develop and analyze these impact indicators against the backdrop of Popper's critical rationalism...
Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS) has been developed for identifying the cited references (CRs) with the greatest influence in a given paper set (mostly sets of papers on certain topics or fields). The program CRExplorer (see www.crexplorer.net) was specifically developed by Thor, Marx, Leydesdorff, and Bornmann (2016a, 2016b) for appl...
This bibliometric analysis dealswith research on the collapse of theMaya civilization-a research topic with a long-lasting history, which has been boosted significantly by recent paleoclimatic research. The study is based on a publication set of 433 papers published between 1923 and 2016. The publications covered by theWeb of Science (WoS) show a s...
In this study, we analyzed the newly emerging research field of climate change in combination with tea production. We adapted a valid search query to cover the relevant literature as completely as possible and to exclude irrelevant literature. The search resulted in a publication set of 14 key papers dealing with the implications of climate change...
The Keeling curve has become a chemical landmark, whereas the papers by Charles David Keeling about the underlying carbon dioxide measurements are not cited as often as can be expected against the backdrop of his final approval. In this bibliometric study, we analyze Keeling’s papers as a case study for under-citedness of climate change publication...
Zusammenfassung
In der Forschungsevaluierung wird die Wirkung (Impact) wissenschaftlicher Publikationen häufig über die Anzahl ihrer Zitierungen mit Hilfe quantitativer (bibliometrischer) Verfahren gemessen. Bibliometrische Daten unterstützen und ergänzen die Arbeit der Fachgutachter. Alternativ kann man aber auch die Fachliteratur eines ausgewählt...
In this study, we analyzed the newly emerging research field of climate change in combination with viticulture. Our analyses have two objectives: First, the overall publication output and the growth of research on climate change and viticulture is presented and analyzed. We developed a sophisticated search query to cover the relevant literature as...
Background
This bibliometric study aims to analyze the publications in which density functional theory (DFT) plays a major role. The bibliometric analysis is performed on the full publication volume of 114,138 publications as well as sub-sets defined in terms of six different types of compounds and nine different research topics. Also, a compound a...
In the current UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) and the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA), societal impact measurements are inherent parts of the national evaluation systems. In this study, we deal with a relatively new form of societal impact measurements. Recently, Altmetric—a start-up providing publication level metrics—started to...
This bibliometric analysis focuses on the general history of climate change research and, more specifically, on the discovery of the greenhouse effect. First, the Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS) is applied to a large publication set on climate change of 222,060 papers published between 1980 and 2014. The references cited therein were...
Citation analyses normally investigate the number of citations of publications (e.g. by people, institutions or journals) where the information on times cited from the bibliographic databases (such as Scopus or Web of Science) is evaluated. But in recent years, a series of works have also been published which have undertaken a change of perspective...
This bibliometric study of a large publication set dealing with research on climate change aims at mapping the relevant literature from a bibliometric perspective and presents a multitude of quantitative data: (1) The growth of the overall publication output as well as (2) of some major subfields, (3) the contributing journals and countries as well...
CRExplorer version 1.6.7 was released on July 5, 2016. This version includes the following new features and improvements: Scopus: Using "File" - "Import" - "Scopus", CRExplorer reads files from Scopus. The file format "CSV" (including citations, abstracts and references) should be chosen in Scopus for downloading records. Export facilities: Using "...
Journal impact factors (JIFs) have become a widely used tool to judge the quality of scientific journals and single publications. JIFs are calculated by the scientific division of Thomson Reuters and published annually in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). At first, the JCR's origin was guided by the needs of librarians who wanted to use a quantit...
Referenced Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS) was recently introduced as a method to analyze the historical roots of research fields and groups or institutions. RPYS maps the distribution of the publication years of the cited references in a document set. In this study, we apply this methodology to the {\oe}uvre of an individual researcher on the...
We introduce a new tool - the CitedReferencesExplorer (CRExplorer,
www.crexplorer.net) - which can be used to disambiguate and analyze the cited
references (CRs) of a publication set downloaded from the Web of Science (WoS).
The tool is especially suitable to identify those publications which have been
frequently cited by the researchers in a field...
Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS) was proposed by Marx, Bornmann, Barth, and Leydesdorff (2014, [18]) to identify seminal publications in a research field which are most important in a historical context. We refined our RPYS toolbox by adding some features to the existing programs and we developed two new routines. First, a direct comp...
In the current UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) and the Excellence in
Research for Australia (ERA) societal impact measurements are inherent parts of
the national evaluation systems. In this study, we deal with a relatively new
form of societal impact measurements. Recently, Altmetric - a start-up
providing publication level metrics - started...
In the humanities and social sciences, bibliometric methods for the assessment of research performance are (so far) less common. The current study takes a concrete example in an attempt to evaluate a research institute from the area of social sciences and humanities with the help of data from Google Scholar (GS). In order to use GS for a bibliometr...
The traditional peer review process for the assessment of scientific performance has been increasingly supported by citation analysis. However, bibliometric methods require the use of appropriate indicators to be meaningfully and significantly. The trend of performing bibliometric analyses by amateurs is most problematic.Seemingly easy to handle to...
Evaluative bibliometrics compares the citation impact of researchers,
research groups and institutions with each other across time scales and
disciplines. Both factors - discipline and period - have an influence on the
citation count which is independent of the quality of the publication.
Normalizing the citation impact of papers for these two fact...
It is well known in bibliometrics that the average number of citations per
paper differs greatly between the various disciplines. The differing citation
culture (in particular the different average number of references per paper and
thereby the different probability of being cited) is widely seen as the cause
of this variation. Based on all Web of...
A paper by William B. Shockley and Hans-Joachim Queisser was published in the Journal of Applied Physics In 1961. It discussed a fundamental limit on the conversion of sunlight into electrical current. The 'Shockley-Queisser limit' describes the limited efficiency of solar cells on the basis of absorption and reemission processes. Since around 2000...
This Brief Communication discusses the benefits of citation analysis in
research evaluation based on Galton's "Wisdom of Crowds" (1907). Citations are
based on the assessment of many which is why they can be ascribed a certain
amount of accuracy. However, we show that citations are incomplete assessments
and that one cannot assume that a high numbe...
We introduce the quantitative method named "reference publication year
spectroscopy" (RPYS). With this method one can determine the historical roots
of research fields and quantify their impact on current research. RPYS is based
on the analysis of the frequency with which references are cited in the
publications of a specific research field in term...
We present a bibliometric analysis of the development of the physical sciences in Cuba since the revolution of 1959. We analyze, using available databases (Web of Science, Essential Science Indicators, INSPEC), the development of the output (number of publications of authors based in Cuba) and of their impact (number of citations) from 1959 until n...
Subject of our present paper is the analysis of the origins or historical
roots of the Higgs boson research from a bibliometric perspective, using a
segmented regression analysis in a reference publication year spectroscopy
(RPYS). Our analysis is based on the references cited in the Higgs boson
publications published since 1974. The objective of o...
We have developed a (freeware) routine for “Referenced Publication Years Spectroscopy” (RPYS) and apply this method to the historiography of “iMetrics,” that is, the junction of the journals Scientometrics, Informetrics, and the relevant subset of JASIST (approx. 20%) that shapes the intellectual space for the development of information metrics (bi...
Since the 1990s, the scope of research evaluation has widened to encompass the societal products (outputs), societal use (societal references) and societal benefits (changes in society) of research. Research evaluation has been extended to include measures of the (1) social, (2) cultural, (3) environmental and (4) economic returns from publicly fun...
Citations measure an aspect of scientific quality: the impact of publications (A.F.J. van Raan, 1996). Percentiles normalize the impact of papers with respect to their publication year and field without using the arithmetic average. They are suitable for visualizing the performance of a single scientist. Beam plots make it possible to present the d...
In a previews paper we introduced the quantitative method named Reference
Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS). With this method one can determine the
historical roots of research fields and quantify their impact on current
research. RPYS is based on the analysis of the frequency with which references
are cited in the publications of a specific res...
We have developed a (freeware) routine for "referenced publication years
spectroscopy" (RPYS) and apply this method to the historiography of "iMetrics,"
that is, the junction of the journals Scientometrics, Informetrics, and the
relevant subset of JASIST (approx. 20%) that shapes the intellectual space for
the development of information metrics (bi...
The Journal Impact Factor has a number of drawbacks preventing its use for assessment of separate journal articles and individuals. With that in mind, most experts would endorse the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA), which highlights the appropriate use of bibliometric indicators for quantitative research assessments. To curb...
If we want to assess whether the paper in question has had a particularly
high or low citation impact compared to other papers, the standard practice in
bibliometrics is to normalize citations in respect of the subject category and
publication year. A number of proposals for an improved procedure in the
normalization of citation impact have been pu...
In his critical response [1] to our article ‘How good is research really?’, Alonso Rodriguez‐Navarro lists several points that we address here. First, he criticizes that we use debatable arguments for our preference for percentiles and that we ignore the validity of the approach. Unfortunately, he does not specify which of the arguments he finds de...
In 2005 the h index was proposed to reflect individual rsearchers' output in terms of publications and citations. However, this intergral indicator is not normalized for age and subject category, and therefore comparisons between researchers differing in academic age and professional background are impossible. To overcome the limitations of the h i...
Although scientometrics has been a separate research field for many years, there is still no uniformity in the way scientometric analyses are applied to individual researchers. Therefore, this study aims to propose standards for the use of scientometrics in the evaluation of individual researchers working in the natural sciences. This study include...
Bibliometrics increasingly determine the allocation of jobs and funding in science. Bibliometricians must therefore develop and adopt reliable measures of quality that truly reflect a scientist's contribution to his or her field.
Although bibliometrics has been a separate research field for many years,
there is still no uniformity in the way bibliometric analyses are applied to
individual researchers. Therefore, this study aims to set up proposals how to
evaluate individual researchers working in the natural and life sciences. 2005
saw the introduction of the h index, which...
How scientific progress functions in detail and what the specific prerequisites for scientific breakthroughs in a given research area are, is still unclear today. According to philosopher of science Thomas S. Kuhn, scientific advancement takes place via paradigm shift. As a principle supplementing Kuhn’s theory, we proposed the Anna Karenina princi...
A proposal is made in this paper for a broadening of perspective in evaluative bibliometrics by complementing the (standard) times cited with a cited reference analysis for a field-specific citation impact measurement. The times cited approach counts the citations of a given publication set. In contrast, we change the perspective and start by selec...
This work represents the first study into the addition of iridium into the sol-gel synthesis of the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y123). Through a biopolymer-mediated synthetic approach, the homogeneous nature of the precursor sol and the preferred nucleation and growth of Y123 phases allow for a high yield of superconducting nanopar...
Counting compounds (rather than papers or citations) offers a new perspective for quantitative analyses of research activities. First of all, we can precisely define (compound-related) research topics and access the corresponding publications (scientific papers as well as patents) as a measure of research activity. We can also establish the time ev...
The Union of South American Nations (Unasur) can be considered as a new emergent region in the world. By using advanced bibliometric methods, the development of science and technology in Unasur is explored. Based on data from the InCites tool of Thomson Reuters, which facilitates national comparisons across long time periods using publication outpu...
The first sentence of Leo Tolstoy's (1875–1877/2001) novel Anna Karenina is: “Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” Here, Tolstoy means that for a family to be happy, several key aspects must be given (e.g., good health of all family members, acceptable financial security, and mutual affection). If there is...
Even though bibliometrics has been a well-defined research area within scientometrics for many years, uniformity in the conduct of bibliometric analyses has not yet been achieved. The numerous dos and don'ts that exist in the field represent the implicit knowledge of experienced users, rather than a clearly defined set of rules and operating proced...
In the discussion paper on this issue, Vanclay (2011) describes and uncovers several weaknesses of the JIF based on a thorough literature review and detailed empirical analyses. In this short comment we would like to add the results of two studies to the discussion around the JIF. In these studies we investigated the effect of several versions of o...
In the Essential Science Indicators (Thomson Reuters), a research front exists to the h index (entitled “GOOGLE SCHOLAR H-INDEX; SCIENCE CITATION INDEX; GENERALIZED HIRSCH H-INDEX; H INDEX; GOOGLE SCHOLAR CITATIONS”) consisting of a group of highly cited papers. We used HistCite to analyze the structure and relationships of the 45 papers forming th...
A number of bibliometric studies point out that citation counts are a function of many variables besides scientific quality. In this paper our aim is to investigate these factors that usually impact the number of citation counts, using an extensive data set from the field of chemistry. The data set contains roughly 2000 manuscripts that were submit...
The highly popular journal impact factor (JIF) is an average measure of citations within 1 year after the publication of a journal as a whole within the two preceding years. It is widely used as a proxy of a journal's quality and scientific prestige. This article discusses misuses of JIF to assess impact of separate journal articles and the effect...
Bibliometric methods are used to analyze quantitatively the journal physica status solidi (pss) 50 years after its inception. First, the coverage of the journal by the relevant citation indices accessible under the Web of Science (WoS) and the field-specific INSPEC database is examined. The number of papers published per year by the journal as a wh...
The collage on the back cover of the last pss(b) issue in 2011 symbolizes the closure of the 50th anniversary year of physica status solidi. Started as a small single edition in 1961, the journal has undergone tremendous change, expansion and development into today's family of four titles and recently significant Impact Factor improvements. This is...
Schubert (Scientometrics, 78:559–565, 2009) showed that “a Hirsch-type index can be used for assessing single highly cited publications by calculating the h index of the set of papers citing the work in question” (p. 559). To demonstrate that this single publication h index is a useful yardstick to compare the quality of different publications; the...
Scientific journals must deal with the following questions concerning the predictive validity of editorial decisions. Is the best scientific work selected from submitted manuscripts? Does selection of the best manuscripts also mean selecting papers that after publication show top citation performance within their fields? Taking the journal Angewa...
In 2005, Jorge Hirsch introduced a new indicator for quantifying scientists' research output. His h index was proposed as an alternative to other bibliometric indicators such as citations per paper. It is based on a scientist's lifetime citedness, which incorporates productivity as well as citation impact (an all-in-one metric). This article gives...
The first sentence of Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina is: "Happy families
are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way." Here Tolstoy
means that for a family to be happy, several key aspects must be given (such as
good health of all family members, acceptable financial security, and mutual
affection). If there is a deficiency in...