Wenzhi Liu’s research while affiliated with Academy of Chinese Culture and Health Sciences and other places

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Publications (8)


Locations of four sampling sites along the West Lake, Hangzhou, China
Infection characteristics of AMF in emerged aquatic plants in West Lake. (A) Representative microscopic images of typical AMF infection in emerged aquatic plants Phragmites australis and Lythrum salicaria. Solid arrow: dark septate hyphae; dotted arrow: vesicle. Magnifications: 400×; (B) representative images of AMF spores observed in the roots of emerged aquatic plants. Magnifications: 400×; (C) biodiversity and relative ratios of AMF spore species in emerged plants
C, N, and P contents of the emerged plants in West Lake. (A) C contents of the aboveground biomass (left panel) and roots (right panel) of the emerged plants, Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus validus, and Lythrum salicaria; (B) the N contents of the aboveground biomass (left panel) and roots (right panel) of the emerged plants, Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus validus, and Lythrum salicaria; (C) the P contents of the aboveground biomass (left panel) and roots (right panel) of the emerged plants, Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus validus, and Lythrum salicaria
C, N, and P stoichiometry of the emerged plants in West Lake. (A) The C/N ratios of the aboveground biomass (left panel) and roots (right panel) of the emerged plants, Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus validus, and Lythrum salicaria, respectively; (B) the C/P ratios of the aboveground biomass (left panel) and roots (right panel) of the emerged plants, Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus validus, and Lythrum salicaria, respectively; (C) the N/P contents of the aboveground biomass (left panel) and roots (right panel) of the emerged plants, Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus validus, and Lythrum salicaria, respectively
RDA ordination plots of C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios of different plants and soil properties in West Lake. Abbreviations: Above C, aboveground biomass C; Above N, aboveground biomass N; Above P, aboveground biomass P; Above C : N, aboveground biomass C : N; Above C : P, aboveground biomass C : P; Above N : P, aboveground biomass N : P

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Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil properties jointly influence plant C, N, and P stoichiometry in West Lake, Hangzhou
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  • Full-text available

November 2020

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83 Reads

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7 Citations

Mengfei Yu

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Qinxiang Wang

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Weixia Tao

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[...]

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Lin Ma

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important roles in terrestrial plants via mutualistic symbiosis. However, knowledge about the functions of AMF in aquatic plants remains limited. Here, four dominate emergent plant communities in West Lake, Hangzhou were chosen, the characteristics of AMF, plant C, N, and P stoichiometry, and soil properties were investigated. The results showed that both AMF infection rates and the number of AMF spore species increased, suggesting a great mutualism between AMF and emergent plants. Contents of C, N, and P in aboveground biomass and roots and their ratios varied greatly among these four emergent plants. Moreover, AMF infection frequency showed a significant negative correlation with aboveground biomass N (p < 0.05), whereas the rates of arbuscular mycorrhiza formation and vesicular formation after root infection showed significant negative correlations with root N and root N/P. Soil total C, soil total N, soil total P, and oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) were significantly associated with AMF infection characteristics. Our main findings are that the results of redundancy analysis and path analysis further indicated that soil C, N, and P contents, and ORP affected plant C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometry directly. Meanwhile, soil properties can also regulate plant ecological stoichiometry indirectly via altering AMF mycorrhiza. Our findings highlight that interactions between AMF and soil play crucial roles in regulating plant ecological stoichiometry and can be treated as a whole in investigating the relationships between plant and soil.

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Fig. 2 C, N, and P contents and stoichiometric ratios of different plant communities in subtropical riparian wetlands. The different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among plant communities
Fig. 4 Correlations among the aboveground biomass, roots and soil ecological stoichiometry
Fig. 5 RNA ordination plots of C, N, and P contents and stoichiometric ratios of different plant communities and soils in subtropical riparian wetland. Abbreviations: AgB-C, Aboveground biomass C; AgB-N, Aboveground biomass N; AgB-P, Aboveground biomass P; AgB-C/N, Aboveground biomass C/N; AgB-C/P, Aboveground biomass C/P; AgB-N/P, Aboveground biomass N/P
Sampling locations of 8 riparian wetlands along the Dan River basin, China
C, N, and P stoichiometry and their interaction with different plant communities and soils in subtropical riparian wetlands

January 2020

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255 Reads

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38 Citations

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Ecological stoichiometry represents the balance of nutrient elements under ecological interactions, which are crucial for biogeochemical cycles in ecosystems. Little is known about carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) ecological stoichiometry in aboveground biomass, roots, and soil, especially in the subtropical riparian wetlands. Here, eight dominate plant communities in riparian wetlands were chosen, and C, N, and P contents, and C:N:P ratios of aboveground biomass, roots, and soil were investigated. The results demonstrated that plant community had remarkable effects on the C:N:P stoichiometry in aboveground biomass, roots, and soil, which varied widely. C, N, and P concentrations in aboveground biomass were mostly higher than that in roots, while no significant difference was detected in C:N:P ratios. Moreover, there were higher soil C, N, and P contents in Cannabis indica plant communities; while lower soil N:P ratios suggested that riparian wetlands were more susceptible to N limitation, rather than P. Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that there were strong associations among C, N, and P contents, and C:N:P ratios in aboveground biomass, roots, and soil, indicating that C, N, and P ecological stoichiometry of aboveground biomass were regulated by soil C, N, and P contents through the roots. In addition, the contents of C and N, and N and P exhibited a strong relationship according to linear regression. These findings suggested that the interactions among the C, N, and P stoichiometry were existed in the plant-soil system.


Shifts in characteristics of the plant-soil system associated with flooding and revegetation in the riparian zone of Three Gorges Reservoir, China

November 2019

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96 Reads

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64 Citations

Geoderma

The operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), the largest hydropower dam in the world, has triggered a dramatic shift in the flooding regimes of sites upstream of the reservoir. Little is known about how disrupted flooding regimes and consequent management approaches might affect the ecological and biogeochemical characteristics of riparian ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the effects of disruptions to natural flooding regime on basic soil properties, soil nutrient and heavy metal levels, and key characteristics of riparian plant and soil microbial communities. To do this, we used an elevational gradient that encompassed four flooding duration zones (0 (i.e., control), 169, 237, 286 days of flooding per year on average). The disrupted flooding regimes were associated with levels of soil total N and P that were on average 17% and 24% lower, respectively, than those in the non-flooded areas. On the other hand, the concentrations of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn) were higher in flood-affected areas than in the non-flooded areas. Increased flooding frequency was also associated with lower plant diversity and species richness relative to non-flooded areas. Thus, disruption of the natural flooding regime had strong and often negative consequences for the ecological and biogeochemical properties of the riparian ecosystems in our study. There was some evidence that riparian plant communities were able to partially recover from prior flooding during a single growing season, even after nine years of repeated flooding, and these recovery trajectories were associated with shifts in soil chemical properties during the same period. However, revegetation efforts had few effects on ecosystem properties or their recovery trajectories following flooding events, suggesting that natural regeneration could be a useful option for the management of these sites. We conclude that the unnatural flooding regimes associated with large scale reservoir development are likely to have profound impacts on the structure and functioning of riparian ecosystems, and these will pose a considerable challenge for environmental management and biodiversity conservation.



Dongting Lake, showing the location of the study site. The shaded areas represent the wetlands.
Biomass accumulation (A) and allocation (B) of Carex brevicuspis (means ± standard errors, n = 7) under different P addition frequencies (treatments A–D represent: no P addition treatment; three - time P addition treatment; two-time P addition treatment; and one-time P addition treatment, respectively). Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 significance level.
Foliar ecological stoichiometry (A–F) of Carex brevicuspis (means ± standard errors, n = 7) under different P addition frequencies (treatments A–D represent: no P addition treatment; three - time P addition treatment; two-time P addition treatment; and one-time P addition treatment, respectively). Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 significance level.
Root ecological stoichiometry (A–F) of Carex brevicuspis (means ± standard errors, n = 7) under different P addition frequencies (treatments A–D represent: no P addition treatment; three - time P addition treatment; two-time P addition treatment; and one-time P addition treatment, respectively). Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 significance level.
Influence of Differ P Enrichment Frequency on Plant Growth and Plant C:N:P in a P-Limited Subtropical Lake Wetland, China

November 2018

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116 Reads

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3 Citations

Phosphorus (P) enrichment as a result of anthropogenic activities can potentially alter plant C:N:P stoichiometry. However, the influence of different P enrichment frequencies on plant C:N:P stoichiometry in P-limited ecosystems is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a P-addition experiment to elucidate the effect of various P enrichment frequencies on the plant C:N:P stoichiometry of Carex brevicuspis in a freshwater wetland at Dongting Lake, China. We used four P enrichment frequencies (treatment A: no P addition; treatment B: three 0.1 g kg⁻¹ additions at 10-day intervals; treatment C: two 0.15 g kg⁻¹ additions at 15-day intervals; and treatment D: one 0.3 g kg⁻¹ addition during the experimental period) in a factorial design with an experimental duration of 30 days. Biomass accumulation was lowest in the treatment A and highest in the treatment C, and increased with decreasing P addition frequency. The shoot:root ratio did not differ significantly between the four treatments. Both foliar and root C concentrations were not significantly different between the treatments. Foliar N concentration was significantly lower in the treatment D than in the other three treatments, while root N concentration did not differ significantly between the treatments. Both foliar and root P concentrations, and foliar C:N were much higher in the treatment B than in the treatment A. However, root C:N did not differ significantly between treatments. Both foliar and root C:P and N:P of C. brevicuspis were lower in the treatment B than in the treatment A. These results indicated that different frequencies of P addition significantly influenced plant growth. Moreover, P enrichment, rather than frequency, significantly influenced plant C:N:P stoichiometry. Our results improve our understanding of the influence of different P enrichment frequencies on plant C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient cycling in freshwater wetlands.



Bacterial community and climate change implication affected the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

September 2018

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124 Reads

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112 Citations

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been identified as emerging pollutants in the environment. However, little information is available for ARGs in natural wetlands at high altitude. In this study, we investigated 32 wetlands across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, with the variation of wetland types, altitude, and environmental factors, to assess the determinant factor of ARGs in this area. ARGs were detected in all the wetlands, ranged from 1.80×105 to 1.35×107 copies per gram of soils. The ARGs in wetland soils were diverse and abundant, and varied from each site, but the spatial geographical distance did not influence the ARG profile. The mobile genetic elements in wetlands ranged from 3.13×103 to 1.02×106 copies per gram of soil, indicating the low abundance of mobile genetic elements suggests a lower transfer rate of ARGs between bacteria in the Plateau. Bacterial community composition was the main driver in shaping the ARG diversity and geographic distribution. Soil moisture and temperature were positively correlated with ARG abundance in this region. These results not only provide a better understanding of the background levels of ARGs in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, but also shed light on the influence of climate change and increased human activities on the distribution of ARGs.


Revegetation affects soil denitrifying communities in a riparian ecotone

June 2017

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145 Reads

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24 Citations

Ecological Engineering

Denitrification is one of the most important processes in the nitrogen (N) cycle due to its permanently removing excess N from ecosystems into the atmosphere. In practice, revegetation has employed to facilitate the process for preventing nitrogen from terrestrial into aquatic ecosystems, in particular in the terrestrial-aquatic ecotone (i.e., riparian zone). However, how revegetation drives the shift in the denitrifying bacterial community and consequently alters denitrification is still unclear. In this study, we investigated soil denitrifiers in three vegetation types with respective dominant species of trees, shrubs and herbs in the water-level-fluctuate-zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. We hypothesized that revegetation affected the composition of denitrifiers. Results revealed that the functional gene composition in herb samples was well separated from that in tree samples, which was dependent on the interactions between plant traits (i.e., species number and diversity, root C:N ratio) and environmental factors (i.e., soil temperature and pH). Herb soils has more abundance of nirS and nirK genes and nirS gene diversity due to their higher species number, soil pH, soil organic C, TN, soil C:N ratio and root C:N ratio compared with the shrub and tree soils. Vegetation types did not significantly affect soil denitrification rate, which could be largely explained by the combined effects of plant attributes (species number, root organic C and root N), and soil pH. Our results have demonstrated that herb plantations could increase the abundance of soil denitrifiers through altering both the quantity and quality of SOC and soil pH.

Citations (8)


... Yu et al. [75] find that both AMF infection rates and the number of AMF spore species are increasing before emergent plants, proving that there is higher competitive mutualism between both AMF and plants. Concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) in the above-ground biomass and in the root stock and the C/N and C/P ratios differ significantly in those four emergent plants. ...

Reference:

Green Microbe Profile: Rhizophagus intraradices—A Review of Benevolent Fungi Promoting Plant Health and Sustainability
Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil properties jointly influence plant C, N, and P stoichiometry in West Lake, Hangzhou

... Combining biological studies from different fields, taxa, and scales has been widely utilized to reveal the functions and roles of nutrient ratios and the regulatory mechanisms of ecosystem components for the assessment of nutrient availability in various ecosystems [3,4]. For the forest ecosystem, studies on ecological stoichiometry coupling have focused on various study areas, forest types, successional stages, or the above-or below-ground aspects (e.g., plants, litter, and soils) of nutrient cycling [5][6][7][8][9]. For example, the leaf nutrient content status better reflects the capacity of the soil to provide essential elements to plants and gradually return them ...

C, N, and P stoichiometry and their interaction with different plant communities and soils in subtropical riparian wetlands

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

... Globally, extreme land-water alternation, driven by human activities and climate change, has escalated two dominant stresses, flooding and nutrient loss, during plant production (Boyer 1982;Ye et al. 2019). The stresses are profoundly affecting plant community structure, function, and biogeochemical cycles, particularly in riparian ecosystems (Saint-Laurent et al. 2014;Ye et al. 2020). Considering that plants often exhibit phenotypic plasticity, enabling them to modify their morphology, physiology, architecture, allocation, and symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi in response to environmental changes, which can enhance their survival under varying conditions (Chapin 1991;Violle et al. 2007), investigating phenotypic adjustments in plant functional traits is crucial for understanding the links between ecosystem function and environmental change (Reich 2014). ...

Shifts in characteristics of the plant-soil system associated with flooding and revegetation in the riparian zone of Three Gorges Reservoir, China
  • Citing Article
  • November 2019

Geoderma

... The lakeshore zone is an ecological transition zone between lacustrine and terrestrial ecosystems [4][5][6]. It is a protective barrier for lakes, functioning as a buffer to intercept runoff pollutants, and hosting various physical, chemical, and biological reactions that remove pollutants for pollution load reduction and lake water quality improvement [7][8][9][10]. Denitrification, a process of permanent nitrogen removal by converting nitrate to nitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions, is one of the main nitrogen removal mechanisms in lakeshore sediments [11][12][13][14]. ...

Does hydrological reconnection enhance nitrogen cycling rates in the lakeshore wetlands of a eutrophic lake?
  • Citing Article
  • January 2019

Ecological Indicators

... Besides affecting plant biomass, height, and density, the hydrological regime (e.g., water level and submergence time) can also affect nutrient transformation and availability by controlling various biogeochemical processes, which then determine plant stoichiometric characteristics (Anderson and Lockaby, 2011;Li et al., 2018c). Our results showed that leaf TC concentration significantly decreased while leaf TN and TP concentrations significantly increased with increasing water level, indicating that water level had a significant effect on leaf nutrient concentrations. ...

Influence of Differ P Enrichment Frequency on Plant Growth and Plant C:N:P in a P-Limited Subtropical Lake Wetland, China

... After the formation of this WLFZ, the vegetation diversity in the area sharply decreased, the ecological barrier was damaged, and the environmental problems became increasingly prominent, directly threatening the long-term stable operation of the Three Gorges Project and the sustainable development of the reservoir economy [11]. Due to the vulnerability and sensitivity of this region, there has been global concern regarding its ecological structure, functions, and potential environmental challenges, with heavy metal pollution becoming a research hotspot [6,24,25]. Large-scale and long-term studies have found that since the establishment of the TGD, the concentrations of As, Cr, Pb, and Cu in the soil of the WLFZ have continuously increased, with heavy metal levels in the upper Yangtze River often exceeding those in the lower reaches. In many cases, these levels surpass the acceptable pollution thresholds set by various indices [26]. ...

Spatio-temporal dynamics, drivers and potential sources of heavy metal pollution in riparian soils along a 600 kilometre stream gradient in Central China
  • Citing Article
  • October 2018

The Science of The Total Environment

... The Yarlung Zangbo River, one of the world's highest-altitude rivers and the largest river on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is characterized by unique plateau biodiversity and water cycling processes [23,24]. It is an extremely ecologically sensitive area and plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's ecosystem, which is related to the ecological security of several large rivers, such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River [25]. ...

Bacterial community and climate change implication affected the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
  • Citing Article
  • September 2018

Journal of Hazardous Materials

... Studies have shown that Humulus scandens is more tolerant of drought, and as a native plant, growth is more advantageous, so the distance from the water has li le effect on the plant [39]. These existing plant communities have undergone long-term natural selection; however, plant community construction is a long-term process, and long-term positional monitoring is also needed to extensively reveal the coupling relationship between the distribution of natural plant communities and environmental factors [40]. ...

Revegetation affects soil denitrifying communities in a riparian ecotone
  • Citing Article
  • June 2017

Ecological Engineering