June 2024
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10 Reads
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5 Citations
Energy Storage Materials
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June 2024
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10 Reads
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5 Citations
Energy Storage Materials
January 2024
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58 Reads
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7 Citations
Energy & Environmental Science
Bromine-based flow batteries (Br-FBs) are appealing for stationary energy storage because of their high energy density and low cost. However, the wider application of Br-FBs is hindered by the sluggish...
November 2023
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91 Reads
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12 Citations
Bromine‐based flow batteries (Br‐FBs) are highly competitive for stationary energy storage due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, adding bromine complexing agents (BCAs) to electrolytes slows down Br2/Br⁻ reaction kinetics, causing higher polarization and lower power density of Br‐FBs. Herein, in situ vertically aligned MoS2 nanosheet arrays on traditional carbon felt substrates as electrodes to construct high power–density BCA‐free Br‐FBs are proposed. MoS2 arrays exhibit strong adsorption capacity to bromine, which helps the electrodes capture and retain bromine species. Even without BCAs, the battery self‐discharge caused by bromine diffusion is also inhibited. Moreover, the rate‐determining step of Br2/Br⁻ reactions is boosted and the vertically aligned array structure provides sufficient sites, motivating Br2/Br⁻ reaction kinetics and decreasing the battery polarization. The capacity retention rate of the BCA‐free Br‐FB based on MoS2 arrays‐based electrodes reaches 46.34% after the 24‐h standing test at 80 mA cm⁻², meeting the requirements of practical applications. Most importantly, this BCA‐free Br‐FB exhibits a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.00% and an ultralong cycle life of 1000 cycles at a high current density of 200 mA cm⁻². This work provides an available approach to developing advanced electrode materials for high power–density and long‐lifespan Br‐FBs.
October 2023
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18 Reads
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4 Citations
Chinese Chemical Letters
July 2023
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22 Reads
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14 Citations
Accounts of Materials Research
April 2023
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68 Reads
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11 Citations
Ion conductive membranes with rapid and selective ion transport are in high demand for high‐power energy storage devices. Surface periodic Turing microstructures are scientifically compelling for their high specific surface area which can promote ion transport of membranes. Here, high‐conductivity thin Turing membranes prepared by Co²⁺ coordination with polybenzimidazole (OPBI) are designed and their efficient ion transport in the alkaline zinc‐iron flow battery (AZIFB) is demonstrated. In this design, the Turing structure increases the effective contact area with the electrolyte, and the 7.9 µm thickness shortens the transmembrane pathway for ions. Molecular dynamics simulations further show that Co²⁺‐coordination enlarges the inner‐chain volume of membranes and forms continuous water channels for rapid ion transport. The boosting effect of membranes with high ion conductivity is proven by the peak power density and energy efficiency of the AZIFB, which shows an ultrahigh peak power density of 1147 mW cm⁻² and demonstrates an energy efficiency of 80% even at a high current density of 200 mA cm⁻².
April 2023
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24 Reads
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5 Citations
ACS Applied Energy Materials
With the outstanding features of high safety, high efficiency, and long lifespan, the vanadium flow battery (VFB) is well-suited for large-scale energy storage; however, it suffers from low power density. The high ion conductivity of membranes is very important to increase the performance of VFBs at high current densities and improve their power density. Here, we show a highly conductive free-standing sub-10 μm polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane. The decrease in the membrane thickness contributes to shorter ion-transport pathways and lower resistance. The relatively loose cross-linked structure of the thin membrane provides sufficient free volume for ion transport. According to these results, the membrane exhibits an ultralow area resistance of 0.04 Ω cm², much lower than that of commercial Nafion 115 membrane (0.20 Ω cm²), making the ion conductivity superior. Additionally, the sub-10 μm PBI membrane also shows a very high tensile strength of 45.5 MPa and high ion selectivity. The VFB assembled with a sub-10 μm PBI membrane delivers a high energy efficiency of approximately 80% at a high current density of 200 mA cm⁻² and can run stably for more than 500 cycles without obvious performance decay. The increased performance of the VFB at a very high current density of 200 mA cm⁻² contributes to its higher power density. Therefore, it is an available way to adopt free-standing sub-10 μm PBI membranes with high conductivity, selectivity, and mechanical stability to improve the power density of VFBs. Similarly, the application of it will also accelerate the practical application of VFB energy storage technology.
January 2023
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42 Reads
January 2023
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34 Reads
November 2022
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18 Reads
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12 Citations
Poly(ether sulfone) (PES) is a kind of polymer materials with excellent electrical insulation and acid/alkali stability. PES can be operated at high temperature continuously for a long time and still maintain excellent property stability in the environments with rapidly changed temperature, namely, great thermostability. Moreover, PES has low molding shrinkage, good dimensional stability and excellent film‐forming characteristics. Compared with inorganic membranes, PES‐based membranes have lower cost, which have received more attention and wide recognition in the field of clean energy technologies in recent years, such as flow batteries, fuel cells, water treatment, and gas separation. Therefore, this review summarizes the research status and prospect of the utilization of PES‐based membranes in clean energy fields, in order to further promote their development and application.
... [71] In an aqueous ZnSO 4 -imidazolium bromide electrolyte, Br À anions alter the typical [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ] 2 + solvation structure into [Zn-(H 2 O) 5 Br] + , [23] which accelerates the transport of zinc ions and reduces the Zn deposition overpotential. [72,74] In an aqueous Zn-polyiodide RFB (ZnI 2 , 2.5 M), triiodide-complexed zinc cation [Zn 2 + ·I 3 À ·5H 2 O] + species are formed. [75] Through a halogen bonding interaction between iodine species and carbon host, an reversible I 2 /I À reaction without the formation of I 3 À has been reported. ...
June 2024
Energy Storage Materials
... ICRFB has advantages such as environmental friendliness, flexible design, and superior performance, but problems such as slow reaction kinetics and poor cycle stability still hinder its commercial application [10,11]. One of the main research directions is to design the micromorphology and macrostructure of electrodes to resolve these issues [10,12,13]. ...
January 2024
Energy & Environmental Science
... Additionally, the membrane and electrolyte are also crucial components of traditional ZBFBs. The role of the membrane includes preventing the self-diffusion of watersoluble bromine and oily polybromide phases, ensuring F I G U R E 1 3 (a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of CTN [84], (b) TEM and HR-TEM image of mWONNFs [85], (c) schematic representation of the preparation of THCF and HCF and of the adsorption effect of THCF in catalysing the Br 2 /Br − redox reaction and entrapped bromine [86], (d) advantages of Ti2CTx MXene as the host for the bromine cathode in comparison to a traditional carbon host and the charge density diagrams of Br − , Br 2 , and Br 3 − on the optimised Ti 2 CTx adsorption sites [87]. HR-TEM, High resolution transmission electron microscope; mWONNFs, mesoporous tungsten oxynitride nanofibers; TEM, Transmission electron microscope. ...
November 2023
... 203 Among those designs, the VANADion membrane marks a significant leap forward for VRFB. 233 Li et al. 234,235 proposed novel membranes for different RFBs, especially for zinc-based flow batteries. Specifically, their proposed low-cost hydrocarbon membrane is synthesized by a pilot-scale roll-to-roll approach and utilized at a 4 kW zinciron RFB stack, 236 achieving an energy efficiency of 85.5% under the current density of 80 mA cm −2 . ...
October 2023
Chinese Chemical Letters
... The compatibility of the membrane and electrolyte can greatly affect the life and efficiency of the battery [97]. For example, small-sized single metal cations are more likely to penetrate Nafion membranes compared to large-sized negatively charged metal ligand complexes, leading to reduced battery life [98]. ...
July 2023
Accounts of Materials Research
... [55][56][57] Recently, sPEEK has been shown as a promising membrane for AZIRFBs through effective transport of hydroxide ions. 58 To demonstrate the utility of our newly developed microporous sPEEK membranes, laboratoryscale cells were assembled using 0.8 M Na 4 Figure S38). Owing to the low resistance, the battery could be operated at a high current density up to 700 mA cm À2 (Figure 6A), which surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art membranes. ...
April 2023
... In recent decades, membrane separation has become an environmentally friendly, energyefficient separation and purification technology, which makes it suitable for large-scale waste water treatment [6,7]. Polymeric membranes like polypropylene [8], polyethersulfone [9,10], polyvinylidene difluoride [11,12], and PTFE [13][14][15][16] have gained wide usage. In particular, PTFE is known for its excellent chemical resistance, thermal stability, aging resistance, and electrical insulation properties, and is widely used in the fields of aerospace, automotive, and environmental industries [17][18][19]. ...
November 2022
... Zinc-based flow batteries, as one of the most promising stationary energy storage technologies [4], have gained significant attention due to their high safety, high capacity, long service life, and environmental friendliness [5]. Zinc-based flow batteries can be mainly divided into zinc-iron flow batteries [6], zinc-bromine flow batteries [7], zinc-iodine flow batteries [8] and other types of flow batteries [9][10][11]. Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) have emerged as an ideal choice owing to their high stability, low cost and high energy density [11]. ...
May 2022
Science Bulletin
... Many strategies have been proposed to address these challenges, including the electrode materials modifications. Li's group [ 10 ] summarized the recent progress on the cathode materials in bromine-based FB (Br-FBs). The advantage, limitation, and future directions of different electrode materials and relevant modification approaches for Br-FBs are presented in this review. ...
February 2022
... Owing to the existence of pores, porous metallic materials give them the dual attributes of being structural and functional [1,2], which has attracted much attention in recent years. With many extraordinary characteristics, such as low relative density, large specific surface area, lightweight, sound insulation, and energy absorption, porous metals are widely applied in lightweight [3,4], medical implants [5][6][7], filtration and separation [8,9], sound absorption and noise reduction [10][11][12], heat exchange [13][14][15] and battery catalysis [16,17]. Therefore, a porous structure with channeled pores and pore sizes less than 100 µm plays a particularly important role in physical and chemical performance owing to the excellent connectivity and high specific surface area of the micropores. ...
February 2022
Energy Storage Materials