Wen-Zhan Song's research while affiliated with University of Georgia and other places
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Publications (127)
WiFi connections are vulnerable to simulated attacks from rogue access points (APs) or devices whose SSID and/or MAC/IP address are the same as legitimate devices. This kind of attack is difficult to counter with traditional network security mechanisms. In this article, we propose a new security mechanism that uses environment-independent features...
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In this paper, a systematic assessment of cyber-physical security on the energy management system for connected and automated electric vehicles is proposed, which, to our knowledge, has not been attempted before. The generalized methodology of impact analysis of cyber-attacks is developed, including novel evaluation metrics from the perspectives of...
Seismic reflectivity inversion is widely applied to improve the seismic resolution to obtain detailed underground understandings. Based on the convolution model, seismic inversion removes the wavelet effect by solving an optimization problem. Taking advantage of the sparsity property, the ℓ1 norm is commonly adopted in the regularization terms to o...
Many science and engineering applications involve solving a linear least-squares system formed from some field measurements. In the distributed cyber-physical systems (CPS), often each sensor node used for measurement only knows partial independent rows of the least-squares system. To compute the least-squares solution they need to gather all these...
In this paper, we study the problem of decentralized learning in sensor networks in which local learners estimate and reach consensus to the quantity of interest inferred globally while communicating only with their immediate neighbours. The main challenge lies in reducing the communication cost in the network, which involves inter-node synchronisa...
Edge or Fog computing is emerging as a new computing paradigm where the data processing, networking, storage and analytics are performed closer to the devices (IoT) and applications. The edge of a network plays an important role in the IoT system. It is an optimal site for off-loading bandwidth hungry IoT data. In order to generate business value o...
With the integration of advanced computing and communication technologies, Smart Grid is considered as the next-generation power system, which promises self healing, resilience, sustainability and efficiency to the energy critical infrastructure. The Smart Grid innovation brings enormous challenges and initiatives across both industry and academia,...
We present ScorePlus, a software-hardware hybrid and federated experiment environment for Smart Grid. ScorePlus incorporates both a software emulator and hardware testbed, such that they all follow the same architecture, and the same Smart Grid application program can be tested on either of them without any modification; ScorePlus provides a federa...
The real-time electrical market operations in Smart Grid require reliable and accurate data from state estimation. However, state estimation is vulnerable to data integrity attacks, in which strategically manipulated meter measurements can bypass the conventional bad data detection and introduce errors. As a result, it becomes more likely for the a...
Most existing seismic exploration or volcano monitoring systems employ expensive broadband seismometer as instrumentation. At present raw seismic data are typically collected at central observatories for post processing. With a high-fidelity sampling, it is virtually impossible to collect raw, real-time data from a large-scale dense sensor network...
We introduce a novel hybrid energy trading model in SG and illustrate the associated optimal energy scheduling and trading management. The hybrid model consists of an external retail market and a local energy trading market managed by a local trading controller (LTC) whose purpose is to coordinate the local transactions between energy consumers and...
In this paper, we have proposed and designed DPHK (data prediction based on HMM according to activity pattern knowledge mined from trajectories), a real-time distributed predicted data collection system to solve the congestion and data loss caused by too many connections to sink node in indoor smart environment scenarios (like Smart Home, SmartWire...
Future smart grid (SG) has been considered a complex and advanced power system, where energy consumers are connected not only to the traditional energy retailers (e.g., the utility companies), but also to some local energy networks for bidirectional energy trading opportunities. This paper aims to investigate a hybrid energy trading market that is...
With the onset of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), distributed algorithms on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been receiving renewed attention. The distributed consensus problem is a well studied problem having a myriad of applications which can be accomplished using asynchronous distributed gossip algorithms on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Ho...
Distributed sensor networks are designed to provide computation in-situ and in real-time. The conventional time-reversal imaging approach for microseismic event location may not be optimal for such an environment. To address this challenge, we develop a methodology of locating multiple microseismic events with unknown start times based on the cross...
The modern seismic sensor used to monitor volcanic activity can record raw seismic data for several years. This massive amounts of raw data recorded consists of information regarding earthquake’s origin time, location, velocity the wave traveled etc. To extract this information from the raw samples, current state of the art volcano monitoring syste...
This paper presents an innovative decentralised seismic tomography computing paradigm in cyber-physical sensor systems, where each sensor node computes the tomography based on its partial information and through gossip with local neighbours only. The key challenge is the potential high communication overhead due to limited knowledge of each node ab...
Network diagnosis is a vital aspect in ensuring an efficient and robust functioning of any kind of mesh network. In this paper we present a network diagnosis method which determines the delay map of a mesh network using only end-to-end delay measurements without having the knowledge of the path taken. We model the problem of network diagnosis as an...
Many real-world wireless sensor network applications such as environmental monitoring, structural health monitoring, and smart grid can be formulated as a least-squares problem. In distributed Cyber-Physical System (CPS), each sensor node observes partial phenomena due to spatial and temporal restriction and is able to form only partial rows of lea...
Due to the low cost and ease of deployment, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are emerging as sensing paradigms that the structural engineering field has begun to consider as substitutes for traditional tethered structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. Different from other applications of WSNs such as environmental monitoring, SHM applications are...
As an essential operation in multi-sink wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the main aim of data aggregation is collecting the data stored in the sensor nodes to the sink nodes and its key points are shortening the aggregation time and prolonging the network lifetime. We know that the nearest-sink (NS) scheme has the better performance in shortening t...
In this paper, we have proposed and designed a real-time distributed predicted data collection system-DCTP (Data Collection based on Trajectory Prediction according to Knowledge mined from trajectories) to solve the congestion and data loss caused by too many connections to sink node in indoor Smart Environment scenarios (like Smart Home, Smart Wir...
A novel class of malicious data attacks, LPAttack, are presented against the state estimation process in Smart Grid. Here LP represents leverage points, which are the outliers in the factor space of the regression model for Smart Grid state estimation. The attacker strategically manipulates the parameter data in Smart Grid to mislead the control ce...
Sensor networks have particularly important applications in challenging environments. However, those challenging environments also pose significant challenges to network sustainability and reliability. In such environments, the network often becomes disruptive and even unavailable during downtime. This results in undesired loss of valuable spatial-...
This paper presents a new multi-objective microgrid reconfiguration problem formulation. Unlike existing distribution system or microgrid reconfiguration algorithms, we consider the effect of uncertainty arising from the renewable energy generation and investigate the tradeoff between the invented index measuring the reliability of reconfiguration...
In this paper, we investigate the cooperative resource sharing and pricing for the licensed Primary User (PU) and Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), where the PU jointly determines how to share its under-utilized radio resource with Secondary Users (SUs) and how to charge the SUs accordingly. Meanwhile, the SUs jointly determine how to utilize the sh...
In modern power grids, the fast and reliable detection of power-line outages is an important functionality, which prevents cascading failures and facilitates an accurate state estimation to monitor the real-time conditions of the grids. However, most of the existing approaches for outage detection suffer from two drawbacks, namely: (i) high computa...
In this paper, we investigate the cooperative distributed energy generation and energy trading for future smart grid. In our model, a group of energy users, who are equipped with the capabilities of distributed energy generation, are allowed to trade energy in a cooperative manner with the goal to minimize their total energy-provisioning cost while...
The abnormal activity detection in smart environments has experienced increasing attention over years, due to its usefulness in pervasive applications. In order to meet the real-time needs and overcome the high costs and privacy issues, this paper proposes distributed abnormal activity detection approach (DetectingAct), which employs the computing...
A novel distributed line outage detection algorithm was developed in this paper through convex relaxation and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method for smart grid system. The devised approach allows identification of multiple line outages using limited number of PMU measurements. The diagnosis procedure is performed close to the...
With the growing penetration of renewable and demand response programs which lead to frequent flow reversals and substation reconfigurations, correct identification of the topology becomes an imperative task in future power grid management. However, due to low measurement redundancy especially on distribution networks, the aforementioned task is in...
A Smart Grid is a highly complex cyber-physical electrical power system that uses two-way digital communication and intelligent embedded devices to achieve sensing, control, computation and communication within power network. To validate the functionality, security and reliability of such an system requires the modeling and emulation of both commun...
Significant advancements in wireless communication, microelectronic technologies, and distributed systems have revealed the great potential of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for pervasive applications. Sensor networks are being increasingly used for sensing, monitoring, and controlling in various application fields. In the past decade, sensor netwo...
In challenging environments, sensor networks may become disruptive even unavailable (downtime), resulting in data losses. In-situ encoding and caching data in a distributed fashion can preserve data persistence during downtime. However, the existing approaches are mainly based on random walks, which incurs significant communication overhead and may...
Disruptive network communication entails transient network connectivity, asymmetric links, and unstable nodes, which pose severe challenges to data collection in sensor networks. Erasure coding can be applied to mitigate the dependency of feedback in such a disruptive network condition, improving data collection. However, the collaborative data col...
In this paper, we investigate the Demand Response (DR) framework for future smart grid. In this framework, we consider that an energy-supplier, which is equipped with a limited storage capacity and incurred extra energy storage cost, aims at controlling both the Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR) and Average-to-Valley Ratio (AVR) of all Energy-Users' (EUs...
Smart Grid, with its advanced two-way communication mechanism, has been envisioned to improve efficiency and stability of grid operation significantly. One of the key features of smart grid is its flexible demand response mechanism based on which the energy consumers are able to schedule their energy consumptions wisely over time to trade off betwe...
Opportunistic network coding has been developed and applied in disruptive networks to provide optimal data delivery. Though network coding system utilizes coding opportunities among multiple paths, its application in data collection suffers from a disconnected sink node and the limited storage space available for data cache. The state-of-the-art ap...
Tomography imaging, applied to volcano seismology, requires a new, decentralized approach if high resolution calculations are to be performed in a sensor network configuration. The real-time data retrieval from a network of large amount wireless seismic stations to a central server is virtually impossible due to the sheer data amount and resource l...
Tomography imaging, applied to seismology, requires a new, decentralized approach if high resolution calculations are to be performed in a sensor network configuration. The real-time data retrieval from a network of large-amount wireless seismic nodes to a central server is virtually impossible due to the sheer data amount and resource limitations....
Existing volcano instrumentation and monitoring system use centralized approach for data collection and image reconstruction and they lack the capability of obtaining real time information. A new distributed method is required which can obtain a high resolution seismic tomography in real time. In this paper, we present a component-average distribut...
![Table 1 : Specification of WSN platforms [3]](profile/Rui-Tan-8/publication/262237575/figure/tbl1/AS:613946591563788@1523387682437/Specification-of-WSN-platforms-3_Q320.jpg)
Recent years have witnessed pilot deployments of inexpensive wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for active volcano monitoring. This paper studies the problem of picking arrival times of primary waves (i.e., P-phases) received by seismic sensors, one of the most critical tasks in volcano monitoring. Two fundamental challenges must be addressed. First,...
Trajectory identification with multiple users and binary proximity sensors is an important problem in design and applications of smart environment. The Current approach may quickly run into numerical difficulty when the number of users increases, besides other issues such as identifiability problem when the trajectories may cross over. An integer p...
Volcano monitoring is of great interest to public safety and scientific explorations. However, traditional volcanic instrumentation such as broadband seismometers are expensive, power hungry, bulky, and difficult to install. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer the potential to monitor volcanoes on unprecedented spatial and temporal scales. Howeve...
One of the key applications of Smart Environment (which is deployed with anonymous binary motion sensors and ) is user activity behavior analysis. The necessary prerequisite to finding behavior knowledge of users is to mine trajectories from the massive amount of sensor data. However, it becomes more challenging when the Smart Environment has to us...
In recent years, using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for structural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted increasing attention. Traditional centralized SHM algorithms developed by civil engineers can achieve the highest damage detection quality since they have the raw data from all the sensor nodes. However, directly implementing these algorithms...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) face many challenges including reliability, flexibility and security. When WSNs deployed in
remote locations need to be reprogrammed, environmental conditions often make it impossible to physically retrieve them. Over
the Air Programming (OAP) plays an important role in achieving this task. Additionally remote manage...
A Smart Grid is a digitally enabled electrical grid that equips with various embedded devices that can sense, communicate, compute and control. Validating, analyzing and evaluating new ideas and technologies in Smart Grid require the modeling and emulating of both communication network and power network, as well as the interactions between them. Th...
A sensor network, unlike a traditional communication network, provides high degree of visibility into environmental physical processes. Therefore its operation is driven by the activities in the environment. In long-term operations, these activities usually show certain patterns which can be learned and utilized to optimize network design. However,...
Data collection, redistribution and retrieval are essential components of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In dense WSN deployments, the sensor data are usually sent to a sink that can be reached through one or multiple hops. In the case where communications with the sink are disrupted due to various reasons, the data must be stored in the network...
In this paper we have proposed and designed FindingHuMo (Finding Human Motion), a real-time user tracking system for Smart Environments. FindingHuMo can perform device-free tracking of multiple (unknown and variable number of) users in the Hallway Environments, just from non-invasive and anonymous (not user specific) binary motion sensor data strea...
State-of-the-art Smart Grid design needs innovation in a number of dimensions: distributed and dynamic network with two-way information and energy transmission, seamless integration of renewable energy sources, management of intermittent power supplies, realtime demand response, and energy pricing strategy. To realize these, we have designed SmartG...
This paper presents a distributed Demand and Response algorithm for smart grid with the objective of optimizing social-welfare. Assuming the power demand range is known or predictable ahead of time, our proposed distributed algorithm will calculate demand and response of all participating energy demanders and suppliers, as well as energy flow route...
Cloud computing is an increasingly important solution for providing services deployed in dynamically scalable cloud networks. Services in the cloud computing networks may be virtualized with specific servers which host abstracted details. Some of the servers are active and available, while others are busy or heavy loaded, and the remaining are offl...
This paper presents the design, deployment, and evaluation of a real-world sensor network system in an active volcano—Mount St. Helens. In volcano monitoring, the maintenance is extremely hard and system robustness is one of the biggest concerns. However, most system research to date has focused more on performance improvement and less on system ro...
In a data collection sensor network, how to maximize the network lifetime through topology control remains an open research problem. Previous work has studied this problem by aiming to build a max-lifetime data collection tree, however, tree-based data collection does not necessarily yield maximum network lifetime. In this paper, we consider collab...
Sensor network has found critical applications in extreme environments. However, in the extreme environments, a predictable and stable path may never exist, since the transient network connectivity, asymmetric links and unstable nodes are prevalent. Thus, the extreme environments severely challenge its basic function of data collection. Particularl...
A number of energy-aware routing protocols were proposed to seek the energy efficiency of routes in multihop wireless networks. Among them, several geographical localized routing protocols were proposed to help making smarter routing decision using only local information and reduce the routing overhead. However, all proposed localized routing metho...
A real-time monitor and rescue system must be able to both quickly and reliably detect the event happening in its monitoring region. Furthermore, it is required to fulfill certain rescue mission, e.g., navigate victims to exit through safe path in case of emergency. Current monitor and rescue approaches generally rely on either teleoperated robots,...
Nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN) are usually powered by batteries. Hence, it is important to efficiently expend the battery energy of each node in the WSN so that both runtime of the nodes and the lifetime of the WSN are prolonged. An event-driven energy-conserving scheme, called adaptive power-saving scheme (APS), is proposed. APS is able...
In a sustainable sensor network, nodes need to synchronize their duty-cycles with their own usable energy to meet a predefined network lifetime requirement. A key research challenge of such energy-synchronized sensor networks is how to collaboratively utilize the heterogeneous node duty-cycles for efficient and fair data delivery. This paper presen...
In response to NASA's announced requirement for Earth hazard monitoring sensor-web technology, a multidisciplinary team involving sensor-network experts (Washington State University), space scientists (JPL), and Earth scientists (USGS Cascade Volcano Observatory (CVO)), have developed a prototype of dynamic and scalable hazard monitoring sensor-web...
We present a lightweight lossless compression algorithm for realtime sensor networks. Our proposed adaptive linear filtering
compression (ALFC) algorithm performs predictive compression using adaptive linear filtering to predict sample values followed
by entropy coding of prediction residuals, encoding a variable number of samples into fixed-length...
The evolution of traditional electricity grid into a state-of-the-art Smart Grid will need innovation in a number of dimensions: seamless integration of renewable energy sources, management of intermittent power supplies, realtime demand response, energy pricing strategy etc. The grid configuration will change from the central broadcasting network...
This paper presents the design and deployment experience of an air-dropped wireless sensor network for volcano hazard monitoring. The deployment of five self-contained stations into the rugged crater of Mount St. Helens only took one hour with a helicopter. The stations communicate with each other through an amplified 802.15.4 radio and establish a...
Volcano monitoring is of great interest to public safety and scientific explorations. However, traditional volcanic instrumentation such as broadband seismometers are expensive, power-hungry, bulky, and difficult to install. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer the potential to monitor volcanoes at unprecedented spatial and temporal scales. Howeve...
Low-cost non-intrusive wireless sensor network is ideal for high-fidelity data center monitoring and helping improve energy efficiency. However, the stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements such as real-time data delivery together with the dynamic nature of low-power wireless communication render traditional MAC protocols inapplicable to hig...
Sensor networks are typically sensor or radio event driven. Exploiting this property we propose a novel wake-on sensor network design. In this context we have designed a new sensor platform called TelosW. The wake-on sensing capability of TelosW lets designated sensors wake up the microcontroller (MCU) only on occurrence of some event with preconfi...
This paper studies distributed topology control algorithms to support the efficient Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) link state routing in mufti-hop wireless networks. It is highly desirable to retain the basic OSPF model of reliable flooding, especially when large quantities of external, rarely-changing routing data must be carried across the radio...
Some of the main challenges that Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) face are reliability, flexibility and security. When WSNs deployed in remote locations need to be reprogrammed, environmental conditions often make it impossible to physically retrieve them. Over the Air Programming (OAP) plays an important role in achieving this task. Several platfor...
Earlier sensor network MAC protocols focus on energy conservation in low-duty cycle applications, while some recent applications involve real-time high-data-rate signals. This motivates us to design an innovative localized TDMA MAC protocol to achieve high throughput and low congestion in data collection sensor networks, besides energy conservation...
This paper present a wake-on sensor network formed with the wake-on motes, TelosW. Our wake-on hardware and software design enable lower power operations and longer network lifetime.
Opportunistic routing [1, 2] was shown to improve the network throughput greatly. The core idea is to allow any node in the forwarder list, which overhears the transmission and is closer to the destination to participate in forwarding the packet. The nodes in forwarder list are prioritized and the lower priority forwarder will discard the packet if...
In a volcano monitoring application, various geophysical and geochemical sensors generate continuous high-fidelity data, and there is a compelling need for real-time raw data for volcano eruption prediction research. It requires the network to support network synchronized sampling, online configurable sensing and situation awareness, which pose sig...
This paper presents the design and deployment experience of an air-dropped wireless sensor network for volcano hazard monitoring. The deployment of ve stations into the rugged crater of Mount St. Helens only took one hour with a heli- copter. The stations communicate with each other through an amplied 802 :15:4 radio and establish a self-forming an...
In this paper, we study the two-tiered wireless sensor network (WSN) architecture and propose the optimal cluster association algorithm for it to maximize the overall network lifetime. A two-tiered WSN is formed by number of small sensor nodes (SNs), powerful application nodes (ANs), and base-stations (BSs, or gateways). SNs capture, encode, and tr...
We present a lightweight lossless compression algorithm for realtime sensor networks. Our proposed adaptive linear filtering compression (ALFC) algorithm performs predictive compression, using adaptive linear filtering to predict sample values followed by entropy coding of prediction residuals, encoding a variable number of samples into fixed-lengt...
This paper addresses the scatternet formation for large scale multi-hop Bluetooth networks. We first describe an efficient method to build a Connected Dominating Set (CDS) as the backbone of multi-hop Bluetooth network, then propose new algorithms to form the dBBlue scatternets (Song et al., 2005) in each cluster. The final scatternet, M-dBBlue, gu...
