Wen Xiao’s research while affiliated with Guizhou University and other places

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Publications (4)


Soybean oil and probiotics improve meat quality, conjugated linoleic acid concentration, and nutritional quality indicators of goats
  • Article
  • Full-text available

January 2025

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15 Reads

Yong Han

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Defeng Wang

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Wen Xiao

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[...]

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Yong Long

This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary soybean oil and probiotics on goat meat quality, total conjugated linoleic acids (TCLA) concentration, and nutritional quality indicators of goats. Thirty‐six male crossbred goats (Anglo‐Nubian♂× Thai native♀), weighing 18.3 ± 2.7 kg, were selected and randomly assigned to six groups in a 2 × 3 factorial design, with six replicates per group. The soybean oil supplementation levels were 25 and 50 g/kg, while the probiotic supplementation levels were 0, 2.5, and 5.0 g/h/day. The results showed that supplementing the diet with 50 g/kg soybean oil significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.02) and carcass yield (p = 0.05), while reducing the feed conversion ratio (p = 0.05). Additionally, the addition of 2.5 g/h/day of probiotics significantly increased dry matter intake (p(L) = 0.05, p(Q) = 0.03). Notably, supplementation with 50 g/kg soybean oil reduced the Warner–Bratzler shear force (p = 0.05) and a* (p = 0.01) values of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. However, 2.5 g/h/day of probiotics significantly improved (p(L) = 0.01, p(Q) = 0.04) the a* value of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. Soybean oil supplementation at 50 g/kg increased the ether extract composition of Biceps brachii (p = 0.05) and Semimembranosus (p = 0.05). Additionally, it significantly increased TCLA content (p < 0.01) and reduced the n−6/n−3 ratio (p < 0.01). Interestingly, the supplementation of 5.0 g/h/day probiotics significantly reduced the thrombogenic index (p = 0.03). Moreover, supplementing with 50 g/kg soybean oil (p = 0.03) and 5.0 g/h/day probiotics significantly improved the nutritive value index of goat muscle. Collectively, the findings suggest that the optimal supplementation levels of probiotics and soybean oil are 2.5 g/h/day and 50 g/kg, respectively. These levels have a more pronounced effect on improving the growth performance of growing goats, increasing CLA content, and enhancing meat quality.

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Effects of 40% TCHMR in FTMR diets on hematology indexes of Guizhou black male goats. A level of GH; B, level of IgG; C, level of IgM; D, level of IgM; E, level of IL-2; F, level of IL-6; G, level of TNF-α; H, level of INF-γ; level of ALT; J, level of AST. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001
Effects of 40% TCHMR in FTMR diets on the alpha diversity index of ruminal microbiota in Guizhou black male goats. AChao1 index; B, Shannon index; C, Simpsonindex; D, Observed_species index; E, goods_coverage index; F, PD_whole_tree index; G, ACE index. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001
Effects of 40% TCHMR in FTMR diets on ASV and beta diversity in Guizhou black male goats. A ASV-Venn; B, non-metric multidimensional scale analysis (NMDS); C, Principal component analysis (PCA); D, Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA)
Effects of TCHMR on the relative abundance of microbiota at the phylum and genus levels in Guizhou black male goats. A microbiota taxonomic profiling of rumen microbiota at the phylum level; B, microbiota taxonomic profiling of rumen microbiota at the genus level; C, relative abundance of Bacteroidota; D, relative abundance of Firmicutes;E, relative abundance of Proteobacteria; F, relative abundance of Prevotella; G, relative abundance of Muribaculaceae; H, relative abundance of Proteus; I, relative abundance of F082; J, relative abundance ofLachnospiraceae_ND3007_group; K, relative abundance of Bacteroidales_RF16_group; L, relative abundance of Ruminococcus. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA/ LEfSe) coupled with effect size measurements analyzes the differences between the two groups of microorganisms. A a histogram was generated based on the distribution of LDA values (LDA score > 2), and the length of the bar shows the abundance of various species; B, example diagram of annotated branches of different species, different colors represent different groups. The light purple nodes and light green nodes represent significantly different species with relatively high abundance in the light purple group and light green group respectively. The yellow nodes represent species that have no significant difference in the comparison between the two groups. The node diameter varied proportionally with the relative abundance. The nodes within each layer represent phylum/class/order/family/genus, progressing from the innermost to the outermost layers. The species denoted by English letters in the figure are elucidated in the legend positioned on the right

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Partially substituting roughage with traditional Chinese herbal medicine residues in the diet of goats improved feed quality, growth performance, hematology, and rumen microbial profiles

December 2024

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59 Reads

BMC Veterinary Research

This study aimed to reveal the effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicine residues (TCHMR) on growth performance, hematology, ruminal microbiota, and economic benefits of Guizhou black male goats through the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) diet technique. A total of 22 Guizhou black male goats with an initial weight of 21.77 ± 0.85 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 11), with 11 goats in each group. The control group (CON) was fed a traditional total mixed ration (TMR) diet without the TCHMR. The TCHMR group was fed an FTMR diet containing 40%TCHMR. Compared with the CON group, the results showed that the incorporation of TCHMR into goat diets reduced feeding costs and Feed conversion ratio (FCR). On the contrary, it improved (P < 0.01) feed quality, apparent digestibility of Dry matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), average daily gain (ADG), and dry matter intake. Interestingly, TCHMR also reduced (P < 0.01) acetate levels in the rumen of goats. Supplementally, TCHMR significantly increased (P < 0.01) the levels of GH, IgM, IgA (p < 0.05), and IFN-γ (P < 0.05), while significantly reducing (P < 0.01) the levels of IL-6, ALT, and AST in serum. Notably, at the phylum level, TCHMR significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the abundance of Bacteroidota and increased (P < 0.01) the abundance of Firmicutes. Moreover. at the genus level, TCHMR significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the abundance of Prevotella, F082, and Bacteroidales_RF16_group, while Muribaculaceae, Proteus, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, and Ruminococcus were increased (P < 0.01). In conclusion, our current findings indicated that 40% TCHMR improved feed quality and the apparent digestibility of nutrients. Additionally, 40% TCHMR improved the growth performance and immunity of Guizhou black male goats, while also reorganizing the composition of ruminal microbiota. So far, under the conditions of this experiment, we have not found any negative effects of 40% TCHMR on goats. This study will be a new idea for developing feed resources, which will reduce environmental pollution and the cost of animal husbandry.


Population structure and genetic relationships of Guizhou Black goat and Meigu goat
(A) Principal component analysis and (B) phylogenetic tree were used to classify 30 black goats into two groups. C utilized Admixture software for the analysis of ancestral components, and the optimal K value was 2.
PCA Supplementary Figure to Fig 1A
Genetic diversity analysis and average LD recession
(A) Proportion of polymorphic markers, expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and nucleotide diversity of the two goat breeds. (B) Genome-wide average LD recession of the two goat breeds.
Positive selection analysis (HL VS LL)
(A) Combining the top 1% Fst values and the top 1% pi ratios to determine the genomic Manhattan selection signature map and the global selection signal map. (B) plots for KEGG pathway analysis. (C) Enriched GO terms BP, CC, MF triple histograms.
Genetic characterization and selection of litter size traits of Guizhou Black goat and Meigu goat

November 2024

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15 Reads

The aim of this study is to explore the genetic characteristics of Guizhou Black goats and Meigu goats and their relationship to reproductive performance through population structure analysis, genetic diversity assessment, and selection signal analysis. Blood samples of 19 Guizhou Black goats and 11 Meigu goats were collected for whole-genome high-throughput sequencing. Using PCA and ADMIXTURE analyses, their population structure and genetic relationships were revealed. Further genetic diversity analysis showed that although there is significant population differentiation, the levels of genetic diversity are similar. Subsequently, these goats were categorized into high-yield and low-yield groups based on their litter sizes, with 15 goats in each group. Then, a selection signal analysis was performed using FST and π ratios for 33,563 SNP loci. The results identified six candidate genes, including KCNIP4, GFRA2, and DGKH, which are significantly associated with high litter performance. These findings enhanced our understanding of the genetic characteristics and population structure of Guizhou Black goats and Meigu goats. Moreover, they provide an important theoretical foundation and scientific basis for further breeding improvements.


Effects of different diets on rumen microorganisms of Guizhou black male goats. (A–E) Are ASV-Venn, Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) non-metric multidimensional scale analysis (NMDS), ASV-Circos, and ASV- Phylogenetic diagram analysis of I and II.
Effects of different diets on alpha diversity index of rumen microorganisms in Guizhou black male goats. (A–E) Represents the Chao1 index, Shannon index, Simpson index, goods_coverage index, and ACE index, respectively.
Effects of different diets on the phylum-level and genus-level colony abundance of rumen microorganisms in Guizhou black male goats. (A) Relative abundance of phylum horizontal species. (B) Relative abundance of genus horizontal species.
The microbiomes of the two groups were described using LEfSe and LDA analysis according to ASV differences. (A) The histogram of the distribution of LDA values was calculated with a score of LDA scores >2. The length of the bars represents the abundance of different species. (B) Example map of different species annotation branches in the figure; different colors indicate different groups. The yellow nodes represent the species with no significant difference between the two groups. The diameter of the node is proportional to the relative abundance. Each layer of nodes represents the phylum/class/order/family/genus from the inside to the outside and each layer of species. The marked annotations indicate the phylum/class/order/family/genus from the inside to the outside; the species names represented by English letters in the figure are displayed in the legend on the right.
Correlation analysis of rumen fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility with microbial abundance. TVFA, Total volatile fatty acids; EED, Apparent digestibility of crude fat; A/P, Acetic acid/propionic acid; CPD, Apparent digestibility of protein; NDFD, Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber; DMD, Apparent digestibility of dry matter; ADFD, Apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber. Red indicates a positive correlation; blue indicates a negative correlation. *p < 0.05.
Effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom residues on growth performance, apparent digestibility, serum biochemical indicators, rumen fermentation and microbial of Guizhou black goat

January 2024

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35 Reads

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5 Citations

Introduction The primary objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom residue (FVMR) in a fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) diet on the fattening effect and rumen microorganisms in Guizhou black male goats. Methods A total of 22 Guizhou black male goats were allocated into two groups using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experimental design. The average initial weight was 22.41 ± 0.90 kg and with 11 goats in each group. The control group (group I) was fed the traditional fermentation total mixed ration (FTMR) diet without FVMR. Group II was fed the 30% FVMR in the FTMR diet. Results The results showed that compared with group I, the addition of FVMR in the goat diet could reduce the feed cost and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of group II (p < 0.01). Notably, the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and dry matter (DM) were higher in group II (p < 0.01). The levels of growth hormone (GH), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in group II were higher than that of group I (p < 0.01), which the level of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (ALT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was noticeably lower than that of group I (p < 0.01). 30% FVMR in FTMR diets had no effect on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition at the phylum level of Guizhou black male goats (p > 0.05). However, at the genus level, the relative abundance of bacteroidal_bs11_gut_group, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Desulfovibrio in group II was lower than in group I (p < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group was higher than in group I (p < 0.01). Discussion In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that 30% FVMR in the FTMR diet improves rumen fermentation and rumen microbial composition in Guizhou black male goats, which improves growth performance, apparent digestibility, and immunity.

Citations (1)


... Young livestock are highly susceptible to various diseases because of their immature antioxidant and immune systems, which leads to a low rate of growth performance [29][30][31]. This study aims to optimize rearing strategies for goat kids by promoting the status of their antioxidant and immune systems through the addition of BA-9 and VLT. ...

Reference:

Supplementation of VLT and marine-derived probiotic BA-9 promotes the growth performance and antioxidant capacity at early life of ruminants
Effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom residues on growth performance, apparent digestibility, serum biochemical indicators, rumen fermentation and microbial of Guizhou black goat