Walter Mischel's research while affiliated with Columbia University and other places

... The primary and most direct way for individuals to maintain a good mood is to seek positive information content to strengthen their selfimage, satisfy self-enhancement needs, and prevent threats to good moods (Sedikides, 1993;Trope and Neter, 1994;Trope and Pomerantz, 1998). Mischel et al. (1973Mischel et al. ( , 1976 also found that people with positive moods triggered by an imagined anticipated stimulus successfully explore content and environmental conditions that can strengthen their self-image actively. Therefore, strengthening their appearance to achieve self-enhancement is the primary way to make people maintain their good moods (Alicke et al., 2019). ...

... People may naturally switch to using generalized morality when they enter large social networks, or when they encounter strangers because it is more intuitive. Perceptions of generalized morality may also be a natural consequence of processing information about strangers because these interactions involve more abstract construals (Hess et al., 2018;Idson & Mischel, 2001). When you only have a vague impression of social partners, you may be more likely to process their behavior using abstract traits like "good" and "bad." ...

... However, despite the conceptual similarities, there are differences between EF and EC studies. EF is primarily associated with self-regulating activities governed by a cognitive-psychological approach, the so-called "cool system" (Mischel et al., 2003). On the other hand, researchers have studied EC with the "hot system, " i.e., more emotion-laden regulatory activities. ...

... På den baggrund er det forståeligt, at en del forskere igen gradvis har vendt blikket mod at udforske faste, indre egenskabers betydning for personligheden. Således har Mischel senere (fx Mischel & Shoda 2008) haevdet, at bestemte begivenheder tidligt i en persons liv -fx afvisning fra en anden person -skaber en saerlig sensitivitet over for disse situationsegenskaber, der viser sig som ret stabile tendenser til at reagere på bestemte, for denne person karakteristiske måder på den slags situationer fremover. Mischel kalder en sådan sammenhaeng mellem situationsegenskaber og adfaerdstendenser for en "hvis-så-sammenhaeng," og han haevder, at der i den enkelte person etableres nogle saerlige individuelle forarbejdningsprocesser, som formidler og fastholder denne forbindelse mellem bestemte situationsegenskaber ("hvis") og karakteristiske individuelle adfaerdstendenser ("så"). ...

... Self-distancing is the process through which the patient examines their problems from a distance. The self-regulatory benefits of psychological distance have been written about for decades (see Gross 1998;Lazarus and Alfert 1964;Mischel and Ayduk 2004). Aaron Beck (1970), the pioneer of cognitive therapy, equates "distancing" with psychological objectivity. ...

... It is crucial to remember that executive dysfunction has been demonstrated to have wide-ranging and significant effects in actual-life circumstances, frequently manifesting as incredibly difficult problems with behavior control and regulation. A simple "marshmallow test" was created by Mischel and his associates in the 1960s to gauge preschoolers' capacity for deferring gratification [15]. Surprisingly, this test showed high predictive validity for long-term social, cognitive, and mental health outcomes over the course of four decades of follow-up investigations. ...

... In view of these apparent problems and complications associated with the hierarchical nature of a measure for a single global academic self-concept, Marsh, Byrne, et al. (1988) questioned the theoretical and empirical identity and definition of a global academic self-concept and suggested its use be discontinued. Researchers concerned with personality and behavioral specificity (e.g., Mischel 1973Mischel , 1977Mischel & Peake, 1982) have also noted the inconsistencies and complications in determining the global personality construct based on behavior situated at the lower end of the hierarchy. In this article, we argue that although the domains contributing to higher levels of self-concept are so diverse that the ability of a higher order construct (such as global self-concept) is unlikely to represent academic and nonacademic perceptions, a strong hierarchical relationship can be found when the first-order factors are domain specific and closely related. ...

... W. Mischel (2004), the author of the famous "marshmallow test", pointed out that self-regulation is necessary to reject the impulse of immediate gratification in order to obtain a greater but delayed reward. ...

... CAPS' authors venture an explanation for these coherent behavioral patterns by postulating that behavior is determined by five classes of cognitive-affective units (CAUs; Mischel, 1973Mischel, , 1986Mischel, , 2004Mischel & Shoda, 1995, 1998, 2008: Encodings are categorizations of the self, others, events, and situations. Encodings may be the most important of all the CAUs because how the situation people are in is construed can play a major role in dictating the activation of other CAUs and, in turn, the behaviors people engage in (Mischel et al., 2009). ...

... Der opstår forventninger og forudsigelser om, hvor sandsynligt det er at forestillet adfaerd fører til bestemte mål. Disse antagelser kan paradigmet føre tilbage en indlaeringsteoretiker som fx Tolman (1932), men det kunne lige så godt henvise til de kognitive psykologer, hvilket da også undertiden sker (fx hos Mischel 1980). ...