Wallace E. Lambert’s research while affiliated with McGill University and other places

... With the exception of certain nouns which reference beings with a biological gender (e.g., chat, chatte), noun gender cannot easily be predicted from a word's meaning (Nelson, 2005). While it has been suggested that orthographic or phonetic noun endings frequently give an indication of gender (e.g., certain suffixes, such as -age or -isme, typically mark masculine gender, while others, such as -tion or -tié, typically mark feminine gender) (Lyster, 2006;Tucker et al., 1977), the grammatical gender system in French is considered quite opaque (Corbett, 1991) and even "quite arbitrary and unsystematic in the case of inanimate nouns" (Lyster, 2004, p. 330). Nonetheless, research on L1 French monolingual acquisition shows that gender develops in the first three years of life, with low error rates in gender assignment and only small individual differences (Clark, 1985). ...

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The Role of Environmental Factors on Grammatical Development in French–English Bilinguals Attending a Dual Language Programme in France

... Only limited research has been conducted into reverse effects from L2 on L1 in total immersion programs. The available findings point to a positive impact of the L2 on outcomes such as L1 reading comprehension (for total immersion programs; see Cunningham & Graham, 2000;Endler, 2008;Genesee, Holobow, Lambert, Cleghorn, & Walling, 1985). Also, Kruk and Reynolds (2012) reported that French immersion students showed more rapid progress and higher final status in L1 decoding than did children in L1 language programs, as well as (in groups of at-risk readers only) more rapid progress and higher final status in L1 reading comprehension. ...

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Cross-language transfer in English immersion programs in Germany: Reading comprehension and reading fluency

... An influential study by Peal and Lambert (1962) French, seemed to be reconciled through a partnership of equals, in the form of bilingualism. Many positive associations have been reported between bilingualism and both general intellectual skills and divergent thinking (Genesee, Tucker, & Lambert, 1978). Moreover, several studies have reported evidence that bilingualism promotes an analytic orientation to linguistic and perceptual structures (Cummins & Mulcahy, 1978). ...

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Korean immigrants' social practice of heritage language acquisition and maintenance through technology

... They had to ensure, however, that this early introduction of English 19 would not negatively affect the two languages that were already part of the reality of the Basque Country, Basque and Spanish, and more specifically the Basque language due to its regional language status. Their conception that an early introduction of English would significantly improve English ultimate attainment was based, on the one hand, on their own results from Spanish born children who were early immersed in a Basque school and obtained Basque proficiency levels similar to Basque born children and, on the other hand, on the "Early Double Immersion Program" (Genesee, Tucker, Lambert, 1978) which was successfully implemented after age four in Canada and the United States (from "Eleanitz-ingelesa" proiektuaren aurkezpena p.1). Aware of the fact that a mere early introduction to English as a subject was not a determining factor 20 to ensure that at the end of compulsory secondary education (sixteen years-old) the learners will be able to "carry out everyday communication in English both orally and in writing" English. Muñoa (2003) claims that the EG overcomes the CG in all the English related tasks (the results on content knowledge reported in the study will not be mentioned as it will not be dealt in this dissertation, yet, they are also positive). ...

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Tense and Agreement in the Non-Native English of Basque-Spanish Bilinguals: Content and Language Integrated Learners vs. English as a School Subject Learners.

... These challenges to normative power structures place researchers in somewhat vulnerable positions: they are often up against powerful institutions with vested interests, for whom systemic change would not be beneficial. This can lead to difficulties with conducting 'impactful' research in a way that does not receive backlash or resistance from these groups of people (see Lambert 1992). ...

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Positionality in a Contemptuous Time: Ethical Considerations and Discussions on Researching Language, Gender, and Sexuality

... People transform things through language from one generation to the next. According to Tucker (1973), the ability to communicate fully in a second language depends on the degree of non-ethnocentrism of the person. Refinement can be transplanted in many speeches, and native language is more competent in transferring cultural elements. ...

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"Modernization, Cultural Integration and Language Modification: A Study of the Potohari Language in Pakistan"

... ont appris la L2 avant l'âge de 6 ans et les bilingues « tardifs » qui l'ont appris plus tard. en premier lieu, il existerait une différence quant à la latéralisation cérébrale du traitement des langues ; ainsi, les bilingues tardifs activeraient l'hémisphère droit (Hd) plus que les bilingues précoces et les unilingues, même si les bilingues précoces utilisent l'Hd plus que les bilingues tardifs (genesee, 1982 ;starck et al., 1977 ;ten Houten, 1980 ;vaid, 1983). mais ces observations ont été controversées par d'autres auteurs (carroll, 1978 ; soares & grosjean, 1984). ...

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Attentional functions, executive processes and episodic memory in older bilinguals: How reliable is the diagnosis of dementia?

... The significant role of proficiency in both languages (cross-linguistic experiences) on bilinguals' higher attainment on creative tasks has been pointed out in several studies ( Bialystok, 1988 ;Ianco-Worrall, 1972 ;Lambert, 1977 ;Peal & Lambert, 1962 ;Ricciardelli, 1992 ). Bilinguals are more likely to experience two cultures, unlike monolinguals, who are typically exposed to a single culture. The cross-cultural experiences of bilinguals cultivate cognitive advantages, such as mental flexibility ( Peal & Lambert, 1962 ). ...

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Bilingualism, sleep, and cognition: An integrative view and open research questions

... Much research has been conducted on terms of address in relation to English and other European languages (Wardhaught, 1992;Dickey & Bain, 1998;Ervin-Tripp, 1972;Lambert & Tucker, 1976;Moles, 1974;Parkinson, 1985). Dickey and Bain (1998), for example, indicate that there exists a bias in studying English and other European languages and states the importance of investigating other languages like Arabic, Korean, and Polish due to the possible unexpected results. ...

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The Norms of Address Terms in Arabic: The Case of Saudi Speech Community

... Because of their ties to the language and culture, heritage language learners in particular frequently show significant integrative motivation. Because they have a stronger personal interest in the language and its associated culture, students who are motivated by integration tend to perform better than those who are motivated by instrumental factors when learning a language (Gardner & Lambert, 1972;Pourhosein Gilakjani et al., 2012;Alizadeh, 2016). Language learners who are motivated by integrative factors-that is, a desire to interact with native speakers and become part of the target language community-are more likely to succeed in their language learning activities, according to . ...

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Reading Motivation to Promote Students’ Reading Comprehension: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students at the National University of Cheasim Kamchaymear