Vishal Jhanji's research while affiliated with Vision Research Institute Inc and other places
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Publications (527)
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a novel method to diagnose early keratoconus by detecting localized corneal biomechanical changes based on dynamic deformation videos using machine learning.
Design
Diagnostic research study.
Methods
We included 917 corneal videos from the Tianjin Eye Hospital (Tianjin, China) and Shanxi Eye Hospital (Xi’an, Ch...
Purpose: To assess the prevalence and economic burden of Keratoconus in the United States.
Design:Retrospective cohort study to estimate prevalence and economic burden.
Methods: Patients enrolled in Medicaid and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) who were diagnosed with keratoconus between 2016 and 2019 were included. The data reported to...
Introduction
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes vision threatening keratitis. The LasR transcription factor regulates virulence factors in response to the quorum sensing molecule N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone. P. aeruginosa isolates with lasR mutations are characterized by an iridescent high sheen phenotype caused by a build-up of 2-heptyl-4-q...
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and economic burden of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in patients older than 65 years in the United States.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of the Medicare data reported to the Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System including patients diagnosed with FECD between 2014 and 20...
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, trends, and risk factors of infectious keratitis (IK) and subsequent repeat keratoplasty after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and endothelial keratoplasty (EK).
Methods
Using a retrospective cohort study design, IK cases within 6 months of keratoplasty were identified using billing codes am...
Background
To compare the rate of fractional change for multiple corneal tomographic factors in progressive keratoconus (KC).
Methods
In this retrospective case series, 40 eyes (40 patients) with progressive KC (increase in central keratometry of 1.00 D or maximum keratometry of 1.50 D on two visits at least six months apart) were included. Cases...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe vision threatening keratitis. LasR is a transcription factor that regulates virulence associated genes in response to the quorum sensing molecule N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone. P. aeruginosa isolates with lasR mutations are characterized by an iridescent high sheen phenotype caused by a build-up of 2-h...
Purpose:
There are no defined diagnostic criteria and severity classification for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), which are required for objective standardized assessments. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review of the current diagnosis and severity classification of FECD.
Methods:
We searched the Ovid MEDLINE and Web...
Purpose:
To investigate the hereditability of corneal tomographic and biomechanical parameters in keratoconus (KC).
Design:
Prospective cohort study.
Methods:
Setting: Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China.
Study population:
A total of 44 patients with KC and their biological parents (n = 88) were recruit...
Purpose:
To examine the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative cases of infectious keratitis.
Methods:
In this retrospective case series, we evaluated the laboratory and medical records of culture- and PCR-negative cases (2016-2020) reported to a tertiary care center, which were pr...
The latest advancements in femtosecond laser technology have led to the introduction of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure [1, 2]. It is an all-in-one ophthalmic surgery where a femtosecond laser is used to create a refractive lenticule in the corneal stroma. The refractive lenticule is then separated and extracted with a small i...
Purpose:
Systemic doxycycline has been prescribed to reduce inflammation and enhance corneal healing in bacterial keratitis. Topical autologous serum drops (ASD) containing doxycycline following oral supplementation may additionally confer an anti-bacterial effect. The potential of this supplementation was evaluated by determining the in vitro sus...
Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is a partial-thickness corneal transplantation procedure that involves selective transplantation of Descemet membrane and endothelium. DMEK offers significant advantages over other keratoplasty techniques such as faster visual rehabilitation, better final visual acuity due to minimal optical interfa...
Purpose:
To explore the relationship between postoperative residual refractive error and preoperative corneal stiffness after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).
Setting:
Hospital clinic.
Design:
Retrospective cohort study.
Methods:
Corneal stiffness was evaluated using the stress-strain index (SSI). Associations between postoperati...
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe a case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) corneal co-infection in a patient with systemic immunosuppression.
Methods:
A 77-year-old White man who was recently administered pembrolizumab present with reduction in visual acuity in his left eye from 20/25 to 20/50. There was...
Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for management of corneal ectasia after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
Methods:
CXL was performed on 18 eyes of 16 patients either with LASIK flap lift (n = 9; 365 nm, 30 mW/cm2, 4 minutes, pulse) or with transepithelial flap-on (n = 9 eyes;...
Purpose:
Contact lens wear (CLW) is one of the leading risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis (PAK). However, the intrinsic factors that contribute to the high susceptibility to keratitis during CLW remain to be elucidated. CLW over an extended period can elevate corneal norepinephrine (NE) concentration. In this study, we investigated...
Objective:
To determine the frequency of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and assess risk factors for developing uncommon ocular manifestations of laboratory-verified HZO.
Design:
Retrospective cohort study.
Methods:
The frequency of HZO out of all herpes zoster cases was calculated using International Classification of Diseases codes for pati...
On the basis of WHO global blindness data, it may be stated that 23 million people globally suffer from unilateral corneal blindness, while 4 [...]
Objective:
To describe the first paediatric case series of Thygesons' superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) with management outcomes.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review was done for all children either diagnosed at initial presentation or referred with TSPK from 01/2012 to 08/2021 at a tertiary children's hospital. Records were assessed for s...
Purpose
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of three different parameter sets relevant to corneal asymmetry in comparison to conventional parameters including maximum anterior corneal curvature (Kmax) and thinnest corneal thickness for diagnosis of keratoconus.
Methods
In this retrospective case control study, 290 eyes with keratoconus and 847...
Dry eye disease encompasses a broad range of etiologies and disease subtypes which have similar clinical manifestations. Medications can cause dry eye disease or symptoms of dryness as a side effect by either interfering with the lacrimal gland or meibomian gland function, or both, and by other mechanisms that affect the ocular surface homeostasis....
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe cases of corneal melt associated with systemic cancer immunotherapy.
Methods
This is a case series of 6 patients.
Results
Corneal melt was noted in all eyes, including 1 patient on an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor and another on a human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) inhibito...
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is an intractable infection of the cornea. Penetrating keratoplasty is widely used for the management of severe AK but suffers from complications like graft rejection, endophthalmitis, and glaucoma. Herein, we aimed to describe the surgical technique and the results of elliptical deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (eDAL...
Introduction
Antibiotic resistance in bacterial species constitutes a growing problem in the clinical management of infections. Not only does it limit therapeutic options, but application of ineffective antibiotics allows resistant species to progress prior to prescribing more effective treatment to patients. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcu...
Purpose:
Previously, we found norepinephrine (NE) could affect the corneal epithelial integrity, herein we investigated the feasibility and safety of NE serving as a chemical enhancer to promote corneal penetration of riboflavin during transepithelial corneal crosslinking (CXL).
Methods:
The dosage of NE that could promote riboflavin diffusion t...
PurposeWe aim to investigate the effect of sustained hyperglycemia on corneal epithelial wound healing, ocular surface and systemic immune response, and microbiome indices in diabetic mice compared to controls after alkaline chemical injury of the eye.Methods
Corneal alkaline injury was induced in the right eye of Ins2Akita (Akita) mice and wild-ty...
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cases of herpes simplex and zoster ophthalmicus after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and assess the clinical presentations in patients.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis of cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) between Decem...
Background
The evaluation of refraction is indispensable in ophthalmic clinics, generally requiring a refractor or retinoscopy under cycloplegia. Retinal fundus photographs (RFPs) supply a wealth of information related to the human eye and might provide a promising approach that is more convenient and objective. Here, we aimed to develop and valida...
Purpose:
To optimize artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to integrate Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography and biomechanics to enhance ectasia detection.
Design:
Multicenter cross-sectional case-control retrospective study.
Methods:
A total of 3886 unoperated eyes from 3412 patients had Pentacam and Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) exam...
Purpose: To evaluate the cases of corneal graft rejection following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.
Methods: A descriptive analysis of the demographics, clinical history and presentation was performed. We evaluated the correlation between the vaccines and duration...
We employed the mechanical effect from 40 kHz ultrasound (US) to improve the delivery of riboflavin into corneal stroma for collagen crosslinking, which can benefit the treatment of keratoconus and other corneal ectasias. Experiments were conducted, first with porcine corneas ex vivo and then with New Zealand white rabbits in vivo, at varying mecha...
Cogan’s syndrome (CS) is a rare clinical disorder characterized by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular symptoms, and inflammatory ocular manifestations, particularly interstitial keratitis. This primary variable vasculitis was first described by Morgan and Baumgartner in 1934 in a patient with Ménière’s syndrome and interstitial kerat...
Contact lenses are a safe and effective method for correction of refractive error and worn by an estimated 45 million Americans. Because of the widespread availability and commercial popularity of contact lenses, it is not well appreciated by the public that contact lenses are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–regulated medical devices. Conta...
Keratoconus (KCN) is a bilateral ectasia marked by progressive thinning and protrusion at the apex. This conical protrusion is secondary to molecular changes resulting in structural instability and biomechanical changes. Keratoconic corneas demonstrate more pliability in their biomechanical parameters, such as increased hysteresis and increased def...
Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of astigmatic correction by single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) and femtosecond-assisted laser in-situ keratomileusis (Femto-LASIK) surgeries.
Methods:
A total of 218 subjects received TransPRK or Femto-LASIK surgery for the treatment of myopia and astigmatism (-2....
Purpose:
To develop a novel method based on biomechanical parameters calculated from raw corneal dynamic deformation videos to quickly and accurately diagnose keratoconus using machine learning.
Methods:
The keratoconus group was included according to Rabinowitz's criteria, and the normal group included corneal refractive surgery candidates. Ind...
Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) in corneas > 820 microns in thickness.
Methods:
This retrospective study included 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent DSAEK. Endothelial cell destiny (ECD) and corneal thickness were recorded before surgery and at 1 and 12 months postoperatively...
Fungal keratitis (FK) can be challenging to diagnose and treat. In this retrospective case series, FK cases presenting at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA, from 2015 to 2021 were reviewed for ocular risk factors, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes. Twenty-eight cases of FK were included. The median present...
Background: The evaluation of refraction is indispensable in ophthalmic clinics, generally requiring a refractor or retinoscopy under cycloplegia. Retinal fundus photographs (RFPs) supply a wealth of information related to the human eye and might provide a new approach that is more convenient and objective. Here, we aimed to develop and validate a...
A transparent cornea is paramount for vision. Corneal opacity is one of the leading causes
of blindness. Although conventional corneal transplantation has been successful in recovering patients’
vision, the outcomes are challenged by a global lack of donor tissue availability. Bioengineered
corneal tissues are gaining momentum as a new source for c...
Purpose:
The purpose of this retrospective longitudinal cohort study was to determine the epidemiology of contact lens-related visits to the emergency department at a national level and identify high-risk groups.
Methods:
National emergency department (ED) sample, a representative sample of all US EDs, was used to determine the incidence and cha...
Purpose
To evaluate the four measurement approaches on the determination of effective optical zone (EOZ) using Scheimpflug tomography after small-incision lenticule extraction surgery in eyes with high myopia.
Setting
Corneal refractive surgery conducted in an eye hospital in southern China.
Design
This is a retrospective cohort study.
Methods
I...
Purpose of review:
The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the corneal manifestations of targeted systemic immunotherapies and provide guidelines for management when applicable.
Recent findings:
The advent of newer systemic immunosuppressive therapy has resulted in the need for more awareness of potential ocular side effects. Side e...
Purpose
: To investigate the diagnostic capability of Fourier indices in detecting clinical or subclinical keratoconus (KC).
Design
: Prospective cross-sectional study
Methods
: The study included 126 eyes with clinical KC (50 KC without any corneal scar, 50 KC with anterior corneal scar, and 26 KC with posterior scar having a history of acute co...
Corneal blindness due to scarring is conventionally treated by corneal transplantation, but the shortage of donor materials has been a major issue affecting the global success of treatment. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that cell-based therapies using either corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC) or corneal stromal keratocytes (CSK) suppr...
Purpose
To evaluate, as a pilot trial, safety and tolerability of CAM-101 10% and 30% topical ophthalmic fibrinogen-depleted human platelet lysate (FD hPL) solution in patients with dry eye disease (DED) secondary to graft versus host disease (GvHD) after 6 weeks of treatment.
Design
A phase I/II, pilot, prospective, multi-center, randomized, doub...
Purpose:
To evaluate whether unilateral crosslinking (CXL) and conservative follow-up of the fellow eye is an acceptable management strategy in patients with keratoconus (KC).
Methods:
Seventy-nine fellow eyes of KC subjects that initially underwent unilateral CXL were included. Thirty fellow eyes ultimately received CXL (group 1) whereas 49 fel...
Purpose
To evaluate the outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in treating keratoconus in relation to cone base diameter (CBD).
Methods
A retrospective study. Sixty-one eyes of 49 keratoconus patients who underwent DALK between 2009 and 2018 were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-correc...
Purpose:
This retrospective study aimed to identify the key factors influencing postoperative refraction after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using information gain.
Methods:
This study comprised 2,350 eyes of 1,200 patients who underwent SMILE using a Visumax 500-kHz femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) in three ophthalmic cen...
Introduction: Corneal blindness due to scarring is treated with corneal transplantation. However, a global problem is the donor material shortage. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that cell-based therapy using corneal stromal stem cells (CSSCs) suppresses corneal scarring, potentially mediated by specific microRNAs transported in extrace...
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine risk factors affecting changes in posterior corneal elevation (PCE) and predict the 5-year stability after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).
Methods:
This retrospective, longitudinal study enrolled 161 patients post-SMILE. The PCE values were measured at the apex, thinnest, maximal and 2...
Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy (transepithelial PTK) for treatment of posttraumatic recurrent corneal erosions.
Methods:
Twenty-four eyes of 22 patients with posttraumatic recurrent corneal erosions who were treated with transepithelial PTK from April 2018 to July 2020 were included in this retr...
Background
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is an ocular inflammatory disease with symptoms driven by eosinophils and mast cells. Allergic comorbidities are common. Current treatments are often ineffective in severe AC and limited by potential side effects. Lirentelimab is an anti-siglec-8 monoclonal antibody that depletes eosinophils and inhibits mast...
Objectives:
To characterize higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in clinical and subclinical keratoconus (KC).
Methods:
The study included 33, 36, and 26 patients with clinical, topographic (no clinical signs), and pretopographic (normal topography and no clinical signs) KC and 30 controls. Ocular and corneal HOAs for the 4-mm pupils were measured us...
Residual astigmatism and anisometropia significantly impact patients' vision and quality of life even in clear grafts after corneal transplant. We reviewed and summarized the role of toric intraocular lens (IOL) in phakic and pseudophakic eyes after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in correcting residual...
Introduction:
The Global Delphi Panel of Keratoconus (KC) and Ectatic Diseases formulated management guidelines for KC in 2015. The aim of this study was to evaluate management outcomes in pediatric KC.
Materials and methods:
Prospective, interventional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital including KC patients aged <18 years. Based o...
The treatment of eye infections is very different than treating other body infections that require systemic anti-infectives. Endophthalmitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, and other ocular infections are treated with direct injection and with topical drops directly to the infection site. There are no anti-infective susceptibility standards to interpre...
Purpose
To summarize the graft loading, transporting and delivery devices used for endothelial keratoplasty (EK).
Methods
A literature search of electronic databases was performed.
Results
New techniques and devices have been introduced and implemented to prepare, load, transport and transplant the grafts for EK. The advantages are not only limit...
Corneal perforations are emergencies that require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Perforations may be traumatic or non-traumatic; non-traumatic perforations may be further subdivided into infectious and non-infectious causes. A thorough clinical history, physical examination, and workup should be performed to determine the cause of the perforation....
Introduction
A case of cataract surgery with multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) insertion where the lens was found to have a manufacturing defect with decentred diffractive rings on the optic is reported.
Patient and clinical findings
A toric AT LISA tri (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) IOL was implanted into the capsular bag in the right eye of a 58-year-o...
Purpose: To evaluate the four measurement approaches on the determination of effective optical zone (EOZ) using Scheimpflug tomography after SMILE surgery in eyes with high myopia.
Setting: Corneal refractive surgery conducted in eye hospital in southern China
Design: A retrospective cohort study.
Methods: Total 74 subjects were recruited. EOZ was...
PurposeTo compare outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and corneal cross-linking (CXL) in patients with advanced keratoconus, with the primary aim of assessing CXL as a potential therapeutic alternative.Study designRetrospective, multi-center, comparative study.Methods
Patients with advanced keratoconus (maximum keratometry readin...
Purpose
To retrospectively review the clinical characteristics of patients with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.
Methods
Laboratory-proven HSV-2 blepharokeratoconjunctivitis cases were reviewed between 1995 and 2021.
Results
10 of 725 (1.4%) patients had HSV-2 infection. Data was available for 9 patients. Associat...
Bacterial keratitis continues to be one of the leading causes of corneal blindness in the developed as well as the developing world, despite swift progress since the dawn of the “antibiotic era”. Although we are expeditiously developing our understanding about the different causative organisms and associated pathology leading to keratitis,
extensiv...
- [...]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Its infection depends on the binding of spike protein to the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP1). Hydroxychloroquine has been ap...
Purpose:
To explore the impact of different surgical sequences on the visual and refractive outcomes of bilateral small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.
Methods:
Participants who underwent uneventful SMILE between March 2018 and September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and were div...
Purpose:
To determine the long-term clinical outcomes and change in posterior corneal elevation after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in eyes with suspicious tomographic features.
Setting:
Hospital clinic.
Design:
Retrospective, case-controlled, observational.
Methods:
This study included 43 patients with suspicious corneas (grou...
This study quantifies the performance of an international cohort of cornea specialists in image-based differentiation of bacterial and fungal keratitis, identifying significant regional variation and establishing a reference standard for comparison against machine learning models.
Significance: Our study found that SP-A1 (stiffness parameter at time of first applanation) was statistically different between post-laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and post-small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) eyes. The stiffness of keratoconus was lower than that of post-refractive surgery corneas.
Purpose: To compare c...
