Viridiana López-Bautista’s scientific contributions

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Figura 1. Ejemplo de características morfológicas y culturales empleadas en la caracterización de 109 cepas de Fusarium aisladas a partir de 248 siembras provenientes de 40 plantaciones comerciales y 72 muestras de suelo y raíz de agave azul. Macroconidios (A-D): A-B, Rectos ligeramente curvos (48.8 y 44.62 µm), de 3 a 6 septos, célula apical redondeada y célula basal con apenas muescas. C, Largo con una ligera curvatura dorso ventral (76.45 µm), de 6 septas, célula apical afilada y célula basal apenas con muescas. D, Curvado con tres septas (32.68 µm), célula apical corta, célula basal con muescas distintivas. Microconidios (E-F): E, Ovalados sin septas. F, Ovalados con una septa. Monofiálides (G-J): G-H, Cortas (23.43 µm). I-J, Largas (147.91 µm). Clamidosporas (K): En cadena. Coloración micelial en Komada (L-P): L, Blanco. M, Morado. N, Rosa. O, Melón P, Salmón. Figure 1. Example of morphological and cultural characteristics used in the characterization of 109 Fusarium isolates obtained from 248 sowings from 40 commercial plantations and 72 samples of soil and blue agave root. Macroconidia (A-D): A-B, slightly curved straight (48.8 and 44.62 µm), 3 to 6 septa, rounded apical cell and basal cell with barely notches. C, Long with a slight curvature of the ventral dorsum (76.45 µm), of 6 septa, sharp apical cell and basal cell barely notched. D, Curved with three septa (32.68 µm), short apical cell, basal cell with distinctive notches. Microconidia (E-F): E, Oval without septa. F, Oval with a septa. Monofiálides (G-J): G-H, Short (23.43 µm). I-J, Long (147.91 µm). Clamidospores (K): In chain. Mycelial coloration in Komada (L-P): L, White. M, Purple. N, Pink. O, ´Melon´. P, ´Salmon´.
Figura 2. Plantas enfermas de focos seleccionados para muestreo. A) Planta con síntomas de marchitez severidad clase 4. Costado izquierdo, hoja con enrollamiento y deshidratación severa. B) Planta con síntomas de pudrición seca del cogollo severidad clase 5. Cogollo completo con secamiento avanzado (flecha). Costado derecho, cogollo con pudrición descendente y textura seca rígida. C) Diversidad de color micelial de 109 cepas de Fusarium spp. caracterizados en medio Komada, provenientes de 72 muestras de suelo y raíz de 40 plantaciones comerciales y 13 municipios de Los Altos, Jalisco. Verano 2016. Figure 2. Diseased plants of selected foci for sampling. A) Plant with symptoms of wilt, severity class 4. Left side, leaf with curl and severe dehydration. B) Plant with symptoms of dry bud rot, severity class 5. Complete bud with advanced drying (arrow). Right side, bud with descending rot and rigid dry texture. C) Diversity of mycelial color of 109 isolates of Fusarium spp. characterized in Komada, obtained from 72 soil and root samples of 40 commercial plantations and 13 counties at Los Altos, Jalisco. Summer 2016.
Figura 3. Imagen superior: Ejemplo de amplificación de productos PCR con gen EF-1a (760 pb). Carriles 1-21: ADN de Fusarium spp. 21: F. oxysporum (control), 23: Blanco con H2O. MM: Marcador de peso molecular 1kb plus Invitrogen. Inferior: Filogenia de 25 cepas de Fusarium spp. de suelo y raíz de A. tequilana (marcados con •) basada en el gen EF-1a, mediante Máxima verosimilitud (ML) y Kimura-2 parámetros +G con 1000 repeticiones Bootstrap. Claves texto y numeral son secuencias de referencia del GenBank. Figure 3. Top image: Example of amplification of PCR products with EF-1a gene (760 bp). Lanes 1-21: Fusarium spp. DNA 21: F. oxysporum (control), 23: White with H2O. MM: 1kb plus Invitrogen molecular weight marker. Bottom: Phylogeny of 25 isolates of Fusarium spp. of soil and root of A. tequilana (marked with •) based on the EF-1a gene, using Maximum likelihood (ML) and Kimura-2 parameters +G with 1000 Bootstrap repetitions. Text and numeral keys are GenBank reference sequences.
Figura 4. Frecuencia de especies/complejo en 25 cepas de Fusarium spp. seleccionadas de un acervo de 109 cepas aisladas de suelo y raíz en cuatro condiciones fitosanitarias y previamente caracterizadas morfológica y culturalmente. Verano, 2016. Los Altos, Jalisco. Figure 4. Frequency of species / complex in 25 isolates of Fusarium spp. selected from a collection of 109 isolates obtained from soil and root in four phytosanitary conditions and previously characterized morphologically and culturally. Summer, 2016. Los Altos, Jalisco.
Figura 5. A) Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC) e Índice de Fusarium obtenidas de 28 plantaciones comerciales de agave azul en cuatro condiciones fitosanitarias de 11 municipios de Los Altos, Jalisco. Barras de error indican desviación estándar. Ausencia de barras indican una muestra por municipio (Cuadro 1). Condición sanitaria: AS= Aparentemente sano, IP = Improductivo, M = Marchitez y P = Pudrición. B-C) Ajuste de nivel máximo de índice de Fusarium a modelos Exponencial Negativo y Gregory con respecto a pH del suelo (B) y Materia orgánica (C). Verano 2016. Los Altos, Jalisco. Figure 5. A) Colony Forming Units (UFC) and Fusarium Index obtained from 28 commercial blue agave plantations in four phytosanitary conditions in 11 counties at Los Altos, Jalisco. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Absence of bars indicate a single sample per county (Table 1). Health condition: AS = Apparently healthy, IP = Unproductive, M = Wilt and P = Dry bud rot. B-C) Goodness-of-fit of Fusarium index maximum level to Exponential Negative and Gregory models with respect to soil pH (B) and Organic matter (C). Summer 2016. Los Altos, Jalisco.

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Morphological and molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. associated to the regional occurrence of wilt and dry bud rot in Agave tequilana
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December 2019

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Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology

Viridiana López-Bautista

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Wilt and dry bud rot of the agave (Agave tequilana var. azul) are diseases of high economic impact for this crop. The implication of Fusarium spp. in both diseases at a regional context was determined in this research. Root and soil samples were collected from 40 commercial plantations located in 13 counties at Los Altos, Jalisco an important cultivation region of agave azul in Mexico; Inoculum charge, as a Fusarium Index was obtained base on colony units (Fusarium vs total fungi) and its relationship with pH and organic matter were estimated from each sampling plantation. A total of 109 isolates were morphologically characterized as Fusarium spp. of which 25 were selected for molecular identification with ITS and EF-1a. The selection considered symptomatology, macro and microscopic characters and prevalence of colony types observed in vitro in Komada, Sabouraud, SNA and CLA media. The cultural and morphological characters evaluated were mycelial coloration, size, shape and septation of macro and microconidia, and length and number of phialides. Five species were associated with wilt and/or dry bud rot within three phylogenetic complexes: F. oxysporum of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) with 56% (46.2 % soil y 66.7 % root) regional representation; F. solani, F. falciforme and Fusarium sp. of Fusarium solani complex (FSSC) (40%); and Fusarium sp. of Fusarium fujikuroi complex (FFSC) (4%). MO and pH correlated inversely with Fusarium Index (r 2=0.68-0.70). It is postulated that wilt and dry bud rot of blue agave constitute a syndrome in which several Fusarium species are associated and parasitically specialized. A single isolate per each species complex was found associated specifically to each or both symptoms. Most isolates were associated to wilting with prevalence of F.oxysporum.

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... Phenotypic characteristics are usually used to identify Fusarium species (Booth, 1971;Nelson et al., 1994) but some of these organisms may have similar morphological traits, thus making traditional methods of identification insufficient to perform species identification (Summerell et al., 2010;Aoki et al., 2014). Molecular techniques are often used to identify species of Fusarium, by providing sequence data used to produce phylogenetic information, increasing the precision to distinguish closely related species (Araújo et al., 2017;López-Bautista et al., 2020;Younesi et al., 2021). ...

Reference:

Integrated characterization and in vitro biocontrol of Fusarium sp. using Trichoderma asperellum
Morphological and molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. associated to the regional occurrence of wilt and dry bud rot in Agave tequilana

Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology

Viridiana López-Bautista

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