Valérie Plagnes’s research while affiliated with Sorbonne University and other places

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Publications (29)


Assesment for Water Flow and Solute Transport in Tailings Piles: a numerical modeling to design an artificial tracer test
  • Conference Paper
  • Full-text available

April 2025

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15 Reads

Wilfredo Puelles-Ramírez

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Valérie Plagnes

The former uranium mine, Le Cellier, located in South of France, offers an opportunity to investigate the unsaturated flow and solute transport through a tailings pile resulting from heap leaching under real-world conditions (Ouedraogo et al., 2022; L'Hermite et al., 2024). Numerical simulations of one of the tailings pile were conducted to model the dynamics of the water flow. In order to tackle quality issues and to validate the hydrogeological model, we plan to make an artificial tracing test experiment. We developed a solute transport model for this pile to help the design of this experiment that will be carried out in the next future. Conceptual one-dimensional (1D) systems representing the pile were simulated using the HYDRUS code for flow and conservative transport. The first results show that the model generates breakthrough curves exhibiting the same dynamics, irrespective of the top concentration of the injected dissolved solute. High values of hydraulic conductivity and longitudinal dispersivity accelerates solute transport, resulting in higher concentration peaks. Dual-porosity models yield significantly shorter residence times compared to single-porosity models, particularly during dry periods. The impact of climatic conditions before and during the tracer injection as well as the injection method have been also evaluated with this model. These findings suggest that artificial tracer experiments in the studied pile should be conducted under wet conditions and give useful information for the field implementation of the test. This simulation approach provides valuable insights for designing effective and realistic tracer test experiments. Our study shows that this type of field and modeling approach of tracer testing can help in mine water management strategies.

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Fig. 3. Geometry and boundary conditions of the 4-layer model.
Fig. 4. Cross-correlations at a daily time lag and truncation at 36 days between (a) precipitation and discharges for the period March 30, 2021 to May 31, 2022, (b) precipitation and electrical conductivity, (c) precipitation and pH for the period July 1, 2020 to May 31, 2022. (d) Crosscorrelation at a 3-month time lag and truncation at 12 months between monthly one-time discharge and the concentration of SO 4 2-for the period January 2014 to March 2021. The dashed lines represent the 95 % confidence level.
Fig. 5. Simulated and observed discharges between January 2014 and October 2022 with the daily precipitation at Le Cellier. The crosses represent monthly one-time discharges and the solid green line represents daily observed discharges.
Fig. 6. Simulated and observed discharges between January 2014 and October 2022 with different models (SP: single porosity from Ouédraogo et al. 2022, SP+RWU: single porosity and root water uptake (RWU), DP: dual-porosity, DP+ RWU: dual-porosity and root water uptake presented in this study).
Fig. 7. Simulated water content distribution for three consecutive days (May 10-12, 2021) with 82 mm of rain in one day on May 11.

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Modeling present and future flows in a tailings pile at the former Le Cellier uranium mine (France)

October 2024

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81 Reads

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1 Citation

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies

Study region: The former uranium mine near Le Cellier, France represents an opportunity to investigate unsaturated flow in real conditions through a tailings pile resulting from heap leaching. Sustainable water management requires the understanding of its flows, to limit chemical reactions and avoid the migration of contaminants into the environment. Study focus: Daily monitoring of drain discharge and monthly monitoring of physicochemical parameters at the pile outlet provide reliable information on how fast the pile reacts to precipitation. A two-dimensional dual-porosity model was developed with HYDRUS 2D at a daily time step. The model integrates a simple representation of material heterogeneity, based on a sieve analysis, and the vegetation transpiration due to the presence of bushes and coniferous trees on the surface of the pile. Climate change may affect the recharge and discharge over the next 100 years with median annual discharge varying between +4.4 % and − 12 % depending on greenhouse gas emission scenarios. New hydrological insights of the region: The calibrated model correctly simulates water discharge at the pile outlet and allows its simulation under climate change. Discharge simulations show that effluents generated during events below the 200-year return period rainfall events could be stored in a buffer basin to avoid any environmental contamination. These simulations are essential to ensure sustainable future water management at this former mining site.



Integrating geological, hydrogeological and geophysical data to identify groundwater resources in granitic basement areas (Guéra Massif, Chad)

February 2024

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354 Reads

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10 Citations

Hydrogeology Journal

In Chad, hard-rock aquifers are the main source of drinking water for the population located on basement areas. In these basement aquifers, and in particular those of the Guéra region, water drilling failure rates remain high despite research on one- and two-dimensional electrical resistivity techniques and lineaments as a means to improve access to the resource, mainly because these techniques are only used on an observational and structural basis to locate fractures. This study combines electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with geology, hydrogeology and geomorphology, in order to characterise the structure and geometry of the aquifer system, assess borehole productivity and determine the factors controlling it. After validating the large dataset and its representativeness, 315 high- and low-yield wells, of which 41 have complete geophysical datasets, were selected. This large dataset allows a multi-parameter approach to (1) better characterise each facies according to its electrical resistivity and (2) clearly identify the main formations constituting the local conceptual hydrogeological model. The most suitable areas for productive boreholes are characterised by the presence of an overburden of <20 m depth, well-developed weathered and fractured horizons of granites and biotite granites (preferably) containing little or no clay, and a nearby drainage network. The most substantial flow rates are found in the first 30 m of the fissured horizon, below the base of the alterites. The experience gained from the present study will guide future analysis of ERT sections in order to reduce the probability of drilling dry wells.


Simulation actuelle et future des écoulements dans un terril de résidus sur l'ancien site minier du Cellier en France

La compréhension des écoulements est en un enjeu essentiel pour la gestion environnementale à long terme des anciens sites miniers. Les écoulements dans des sites de stockages de résidus peuvent générer des réactions chimiques et des effluents acides. Dans le cas de la lixiviation statique sur des terrils de résidus en surface, cette acidification peut durer plusieurs décennies selon l'acide restant dans les résidus. Les effluents miniers générés par la circulation des eaux météoriques à travers ces résidus sont collectés et traités dans une station de traitement avant d'être rejetés dans l'environnement en conformité avec les normes environnementales. La compréhension du fonctionnement hydrogéologique des sites de stockage de résidus est donc primordiale pour adapter les stratégies de gestion de l'eau aujourd'hui mais aussi dans le futur (jusqu'en 2100) dans un contexte de changement climatique. Le terril étudié est composé de résidus miniers recouverts d'une couche de stériles, ces matériaux sont considérés comme de granulométrie grossière. Ces résidus ont subi un traitement statique à l'acide sulfurique injecté dans le terril. Les eaux météoriques s'infiltrent dans ce terril et les effluents qui en résultent sont drainés et leur débit mesuré mensuellement depuis 1990 et journalièrement depuis avril 2021. L'analyse de ces données montre que le débit à l'exutoire du terril réagit rapidement aux précipitations. Un modèle journalier à double porosité a été développé avec le logiciel HYDRUS 2D qui permet de représenter le fonctionnement des écoulements en milieu non saturé à travers le terril. Le modèle intègre une représentation simplifiée en 4 couches de l'hétérogénéité du terril basée sur une analyse granulométrique réalisée sur toute sa hauteur. La transpiration des végétaux a aussi été implémentée dans le modèle pour inclure l'effet de la présence de buissons et de conifères sur le terril. Une fois calé, le modèle reproduit de manière satisfaisante les débits mensuels et journaliers observés et la réaction rapide des débits à la pluie. Pour évaluer l'impact du changement climatique sur le fonctionnement hydrogéologique du terril, les données de précipitations et de températures provenant des données DRIAS 2020 issues du projet d'inter-comparaison des modèles couplés (CMIP5) et de trois scénarios climatiques (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 et RCP8.5) ont été utilisées comme données d'entrée du modèle calé. A la fin du siècle, les évènements pluvieux devraient être plus intenses et plus fréquents qu'au début du siècle. Les débits à la sortie du terril ont pu être simulés jusqu'en 2100 avec ces forçages climatiques et permettent d'étudier la réponse du terril aux événements pluvieux sous l'effet du changement climatique. Ces simulations sont essentielles pour vérifier le dimensionnement des installations de traitement pour le futur (en particulier pour les évènements extrêmes) et assurer une gestion responsable des sites de stockage de résidus miniers.





Citations (6)


... The Guera region is located in the northern part of the Chadian Central Massif. It is made up of Precambrian massifs essentially composed of magmatic formations, of which 90% are granitoids, and some metamorphic rocks [47]. These Precambrian rocks are locally covered by recent formations (fluvial alluvial materials); the latter, ranging from Tertiary to Quaternary, are predominantly sandy [45,48] and mainly accumulate in valleys crossed by rivers, derived from the weathering of granites. ...

Reference:

Geotouristic features of Mongo and vicinities (Guera, Chad): case of granite geomorphosites
Integrating geological, hydrogeological and geophysical data to identify groundwater resources in granitic basement areas (Guéra Massif, Chad)

Hydrogeology Journal

... To explain the artesian aquifer spring system in Salak volcano, West Java, Indonesia, [8] used ERT to identify the resistive substratum, ranging between 100 -165 Ω m, as an artesian aquifer that lies beneath a low resistivity layer (impervious lahar deposits) ranging between 0 -60 Ω m, that is acting as an impermeable, clayed confining roof. ...

Water cycle modelling strengthened by probabilistic integration of field data for groundwater management of a quite unknown tropical volcanic hydrosystem

Comptes Rendus Géoscience

... In accessing AMD problems, there are multidisciplinary approaches, for instance, the application of numerical simulations of reactive transport modeling together with geochemical characterization for predicting the lifetime of AMD (L'hermite et al., 2022;Muratkhanov et al., 2024;Tabelin et al., 2022;Tomiyama et al., 2019Tomiyama et al., , 2020. The AMD occurrence by the effects of seasonal variations in hydrogeological conditions, the leachability of toxic elements, and reactive pathways from the mine rock dumps were also carried out (Tum et al., 2022). ...

Characterizing groundwater flow in a former uranium mine (Bertholène, France): Present status and future considerations

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies

... Using the piezometric fluctuation method, Soro (2017) surface area of each monitoring well was not considered in the estimation of Soro (2017). In other regions of Burkina Faso, groundwater R/P ratios have been estimated at 5% in the eastern region (Sandwidi 2007), 5-7% in the northern region (Koïta et al. 2017a;Yonaba et al. 2021;Rusagara et al. 2022) and 11-23% in the south-central region (Bambara 2021). The higher values found by Bambara (2021) are affected by the contribution of localized recharge induced by surface-water reservoirs, which contributed to the value of total recharge. ...

Groundwater recharge pathways to a weathered-rock aquifer system in a dryland catchment in Burkina Faso
  • Citing Article
  • June 2022

Hydrogeology Journal

... This study focuses on a leached tailings pile at the former Le Cellier mine in France. In a previous study, Ouédraogo et al. (2022) developed a numerical model with HYDRUS-2D based only on the monthly historical environmental monitoring of a drainage system collecting all the effluents of the pile. This single porosity model of the drained pile, developed without considering the effect of vegetation, satisfactorily reproduced the outflow at a monthly scale whether its internal structure was considered homogeneous or stochastically heterogeneous. ...

Simulation of water flow in a tailings pile at the former uranium mine at Le Cellier (Lozère, France)
  • Citing Article
  • August 2022

Hydrogeology Journal

... The exacerbation of runoff, attributed to urban expansion and nonporous surfaces, hampers the soil's ability to absorb water, thereby diminishing GWL. The strategic regulation of runoff is essential for the conservation of GW resources and mitigating the impact of hydroclimatic variables on GW availability (Dumont et al., 2022). Factors such as precipitation distribution, soil properties, and land surface characteristics significantly influence runoff volumes (Sfîcă et al., 2022). ...

Assessing rainfall global products reliability for water resource management in a tropical volcanic mountainous catchment

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies