Valentyna Marchenko’s research while affiliated with National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” and other places

The modern world faces challenges related to the necessity of sustainable development, improving the quality of life for citizens, and reducing the negative impact of human activities on the environment. Transport, as one of the key sectors of the economy, plays a significant role in shaping modern societies. At the same time, it is a source of numerous challenges, such as greenhouse gas emissions, infrastructure accessibility for all social groups, and the need to integrate various modes of transport in a way that promotes social inclusion and environmental protection. This monograph attempts to address the challenges associated with transforming transport into a more sustainable and inclusive system. The chapters included focus on different aspects of this process, highlighting the importance of integrated transport hubs, methods for assessing their efficiency, the environmental impact of transport, and strategies for supporting low-carbon development

The purpose of the study is to quantify the level of divergence (similarity) of perceptions of potential consumers of educational services regarding the image of universities in order to strengthen their competitive position in the market of educational services. Within the terms of this purpose, the authors were given the following tasks: to assess the level of differences in the perception of the image of the university by consumers of educational services; to identify the sources of formation of their ideas about the quality of educational services. The article solves the problem of forming a positive image of universities in Ukraine in the context of determining its components, which, according to the results of a survey of students, had the most significant impact on the choice of a higher education institution (HEI), as well as determining the level of divergence of the criteria for its choice by consumers of educational services. An assessment of the image of higher educational institutions in the city of Kyiv is carried out according to the totality of external and internal local components, making it possible to identify the main priorities for choosing a future consumer of educational services. It is determined that the main components of the image when students make a decision to enter one or another from the studied higher education institution are: scientific cooperation with foreign higher education institutions; international partnerships; the scale of educational activities; infrastructure of the university. Based on the results of the study, matrices of perception of the image of universities have been developed and distances between them have been determined, which allow to identify the level of divergence of perceptions of consumers of educational services about the image of universities. Distinctive features of the obtained results are that they allow to determine how the perceptions of consumers of educational services change in the process of obtaining them in the studied universities, also to allocate those components of the image that should be given the greatest attention by HEIs in the process of forming a further strategy for attracting and retaining consumers of basic services. The sphere of practical use of the obtained results is the system of public administration bodies in the field of higher education, management bodies of higher education institutions.

The article substantiates the relevance of switching approaches to the formation of energy security of countries in the times of growing global conflict. The structure and dynamics of energy production and consumption in the European Union and Ukraine considering traditional and renewable sources until 2020 were analyzed. The structure of the energy balance of Ukraine and its difference from EU countries were described. Despite the growth of energy production from renewable sources, a high level of dependence (more than 50%) of EU countries on imported traditional energy carriers from third countries, especially, the russian federation, was revealed. The negative impact and consequences of EU’s dependence on energy supply from the aggressor country and the need to develop and diversify sources of energy supply in the national context was substantiated. The experience of processing and energy utilization of waste in various European countries was studied, in terms of the biogas production and garbage incineration. The need to expand the practice of using solid household waste as a source of energy to increase the national energy sustainability of countries with strict compliance of environmental legislation was substantiated. European practices of energy production based on household waste incineration were analyzed. It was revealed that despite the implementation of circular economy standards, up to 50% of the total volume of generated household waste is incinerated in the EU countries, thereby covering the cities' need for heat and electricity. Modern technologies of energy utilization of household waste and generalized European practices of slag use, which reduces the cost of energy production, were studied. A comparison of the volumes of energy utilization of household waste in the EU and Ukraine revealed the potential of energy supply of the country's economy. It has been stated that despite the exclusion of waste-to-energy waste incineration from the list of sustainable practices, the process of building waste incineration plants based on advanced waste disposal technologies persists in EU countries. The reasons for the low level of waste energy utilization in Ukraine have been investigated. Circumstances and conditions, the formation of which will allow understanding the energy potential of solid household waste and increase the level of energy independence of Ukraine, were generalized. It was concluded that in the conditions of significant investment costs in the construction of waste incineration plants, the main factors for ensuring the efficiency of their activity are the stability of sources of waste receipt and full loading of the plant's production capacity.

The object of this study is military waste management models as a system of actions and processes aimed at choosing how to handle it. The task to devise ways to reduce military waste under conditions of increasing volumes and rates of its accumulation is considered. The policy of military waste management in the countries of hostilities was investigated; it was concluded that there are no effective mechanisms and schemes for managing such waste. Trends in the increase in the amount of military waste have been identified and a forecast of their further growth under the conditions of modern wars has been formed. The current legislative support for the implementation of waste management policies formed in the process of physical and moral deterioration of military equipment and ammunition in military units was analyzed. It was determined that the main subject of management of such waste is the state represented by state authorities and management. Models to manage military waste formed in the process of hostilities have been proposed. These military waste management models are based on the criteria of economic, social, and environmental efficiency. Special features of the research results are that the proposed models provide for the transfer of rights to perform certain stages in the waste management chain by subjects of the non-state sector of the economy. Distinctive features of the reported results are that they present alternative models for managing military waste formed in the process of warfare. The choice of model is determined by the priorities of the defense and policy of post-war reconstruction of the country's economy. The area of practical use of the results is the system of public administration bodies, which forms proposals for changes to the legislation in terms of forms of cooperation between the state and non-state sectors in the field of military waste management

Introduction. The need to pursue more active government policy for the stimulation of waste processing is causedby the necessity to prevent those threats that arise unless an environment friendly and efficient waste management system is in place.Problem Statement. Ukraine demonstrates a low level of household waste recycling, which poses a hazard to theenvironment, quality of life, and health of the population of Ukraine. The measures identified in the National WasteManagement Strategy until 2030 can be implemented by combining the organization of separate collection of household waste with the revision of the existing incentives aiming at increasing the demand for secondary resources.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to generalize the causes of low amount and rates of processing ofhousehold waste and to develop a system of economic tools for the formation of supply and demand for household waste as main factors of effective strategic waste management.Material and Methods. Qualitative analysis and generalization of theoretical material, systematization ofeconomic tools of household waste management, economic and statistical analysis, and regression analysis have been used in this research. Results. A set of tools for strategic household waste management and changes in approaches to their formation have been proposed. The formation of waste management tariff should be based on the length of the waste management chain, the structure of the collected waste, the potential for its recycling, the revised methods for forming the tariff, organizing waste sorting, andamending the list of tax payers of environmental tax.Conclusions. The household waste management in Ukraine demonstrates certain stability of the waste processing structure and the absence of dynamic transformations in response to changes in the modern economy. It needs support, in particular, the revision of the set of economic tools for stimulating waste processing and organizational approaches to their implementation.