Uroosa Ishfaq’s research while affiliated with Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University and other places

Afghanistan has remained under the rule of different powers but none of them could completely control it and had to leave it for different reasons. World powers had a keen interest and intervened in the state but could not stay there for long. This study has mainly focused on exploring the main causes behind the US withdrawal from Afghanistan. The study was conducted using qualitative data from secondary sources. The main causes behind the US failure are a lack of awareness about the Taliban's nature, corruption, US over-confidence improper management of resources etc. The value of the work can be better judged by observing the contemporary complex world where the US has been criticized among the community of nations for its withdrawal and could assign a new role to the US in the near future.

The article explores the evolving dynamics of Pakistan's diplomatic relationships with Russia and the United States in the contemporary era. It delves into the multifaceted impacts of Pakistan's growing proximity to Russia on its traditional partnership with the United States. The shifting global landscape influenced by geopolitical realities, regional security concerns, and economic interests, plays a pivotal role in shaping this diplomatic complexity. The article highlights the need for Pakistan to navigate a delicate balance between these relationships to safeguard its national interests while adapting to the ever-changing dynamics of international politics.

This article explores the evolving diplomatic relations between Pakistan and Russia in contemporary times. It delves into the strategic cooperative efforts undertaken by both nations to foster regional stability and address common geopolitical challenges. The article examines the historical contexts, geopolitical factors and shared interests that have facilitated this diplomatic synergy. It also highlights the growing economic, military and political cooperation between Pakistan and Russia, illustrating the significance of their evolving partnership in shaping the dynamics of international relations in the modern era.

This research work is about the use of social media by different militant organizations to radicalize people and propagate different religious popular narratives, which are circulating in our society via social media. Social media has lowered the entry barrier of radicalism through different mediums of social media, which are used intentionally by different militant organizations and groups. Social media is a very strong and convincing medium in this technological era most people have internet access and use social media widely. In this paper different platforms of social media are discussed one by one, and how radical groups use these sources of social media to get the moral and financial support of the people, making them radical in their thoughts and extreme in their actions.

The undefined frontiers in Central Asia have long been a source of conflict. There is a lengthy and complicated history of the Tajik-Kyrgyz war. Despite being about 1000 km long, only about half of the border between the two states has been marked since 1991. This article explains the reasons for the war between two former Soviet Socialist States. And the role of Russia in this scenario. Also, this research will come up with some policy suggestions to resolve this border dispute between two neighboring states. The long-standing disagreement over the boundaries became a major reason for the war. Due to the violent situation of both states, many clashes erupted in the region which became a reason for the loss of a huge number of people.

Pakistan’s role as a front-line country for the US in the War on Terror has profound implications for its domestic politics and foreign policy. With a majority Pashtun population, KPK has been a target of the War on Terror because of its social setup, cultural restraints, and the faith of its population at the boundary with Afghanistan. The socio-cultural similarities and geographical proximity with Afghanistan have made it important for Al-Qaeda militants. The War on Terror in KPK had negative political, economic,and social repercussions for the area and as a result, created hatred in the Pashtuns. This paper is an attempt to analyze the elements which made the Pashtuns of this place vulnerable to militancy. It explores the political, economic, and social implications of the War on Terror for KPK and its Pashtun populace specifically.

The study will explore the influence of Hindutva ideology on Muslims of India about the perspective of human rights, that how the political system of India is impacted through this ideology. Violation of minority rights is usual thing currently, Human Rights which are granted under the constitution of India and they are actually fundamental rights those are inalienable and indivisible. Being a secular state discrimination of rights on religious bases and inaccessibility of fundamental rights in a largest democratic state is discussed. This research explained the history of various communal riots done by Hindu extremist and contemporary incidents of violence supported by current ruling party BJP. Basic purpose of promotion of this ideology is to make hegemony of Hindus in a religious pluralistic society where many religions other them Hinduism exists.

Despite having a lengthy history of transitional administration, Pakistan has never created a comprehensive federal framework. Since independence, Pakistan's federal structure has remained extremely centralized, resulting in a multitude of issues such as a sense of deprivation, inequity, and unfairness among the units, all of which have fueled regionalist sentiment. However, Pakistan's federation is progressively maturing, but it will take a long time to catch up to the US federation. This research will provide a detailed account of the problems and prospects faced by Pakistan's weak Federation along with remedial measures that can be beneficial inestablishing a strong federation in Pakistan. This research study will provide essential information to future researchers to address the issues of the federation in Pakistan from various aspects.

There have been many ups and downs in relations between the US and Pakistan, with divergent and convergent concerns. Each country has tried to influence the other with its own specific needs and goals. The main goal of Pakistan's alliance with the US was to secure its security against India and to receive significant financial and military support from the US. In this context Pakistan joined the US sponsored alliances. The paper attempts to examine the impacts of alliances on Pakistan during its alignment with the US.

The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has affected Pakistan’s foreign policy. Both the states are sharing common border and cultural ties. The attack on Afghanistan soil was a treat for Pakistan’s territorial integrity. Pakistan adopted policy of partnership with US in order to withdraw the Soviet Union from Afghanistan.The paper aims to explore Pakistan’s role in Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. Secondary data has been collected from books, articles and newspapers. The findings of the study suggest that Pakistan faced serious challenges due to its active role in Soviet Afghan war.