Urie Bronfenbrenner’s research while affiliated with The Graduate Center, CUNY and other places

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Publications (35)


On the demise of everyday memory: "The rumors of my death are much exaggerated" (Mark Twain)
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

January 1991

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15 Reads

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86 Citations

American Psychologist

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Urie Bronfenbrenner

The main charges that M. R. Banaji and R. G. Crowder (see record 1990-00387-001) made against everyday memory research are reviewed. First, by equating mental behavior with the actions of inert chemical processes, they have overlooked a critical difference; namely, living beings are active agents who not only adapt to contexts but also modify, select, and create them. Second, by equating the scientific method with the laboratory, Banaji and Crowder have misconstrued the core strategy of science, namely "proof by disproof." Third, in asserting that no new principles have been discovered by everyday researchers, they have ignored substantial counter evidence. Fourth, although their claim that science is a search for invariant mechanisms is true, this does not imply that the processes to which the principles apply must be invariant. The search for principles that govern variation is a necessary scientific endeavor, one that requires the use of both laboratory and real-life investigations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

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Ecology of the Family As A Context for Human-Development - Research Perspectives

November 1986

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5,116 Reads

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6,226 Citations

Developmental Psychology

Reviews research on the influence of external environments on the functioning of families as contexts of human development. Investigations of the interaction of genetics and environment in family processes; transitions and linkages between the family and other major settings influencing development, such as hospitals, daycare, peer groups, school, social networks, the world of work (both for parents and children), and neighborhoods and communities; and public policies affecting families and children are included. A 2nd major focus is on the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course as these affect and are affected by intrafamilial processes. External systems affecting the family are categorized as meso-, exo-, and chronosystem models. Identified as areas for future research are ecological variations in the expression of genotypes, relations between the family and other child settings, relations between family processes and parental participation in other settings of adult life, and families in broader social contexts. (4 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


Recent Advances in Research on the Ecology of Human Development

January 1986

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207 Reads

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212 Citations

It is now more than a decade ago that, being somewhat younger, I presumed to challenge the then-prevailing conventions of my field by describing the developmental research of the day as “the study of the strange behavior of children in strange situations with strange adults for the briefest possible period of time” (Bronfenbrenner, 1974). Instead, I argued (as if it were simply a matter of choice), we should be studying development in its ecological context; that is, in the actual environments in which human beings lived their lives. I then proceeded to outline, in a series of publications, a conceptual framework for analyzing development in context, and to offer concrete examples of how various elements of the schema might be applied both to past studies and to studies yet to come. I also emphasized the scientific and practical benefits of a closer linkage, in both directions, between developmental research and public policy (Bronfenbrenner, 1975, 1977a, 1977b, 1979a, 1979b, 1981).


"Don't Forget to Take the Cupcakes out of the Oven": Prospective Memory, Strategic Time-Monitoring, and Context

March 1985

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188 Reads

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219 Citations

Child Development

Strategies employed by children in tasks requiring prospective memory (i.e., remembering to do something in the future) were investigated to illuminate the nature of the processes involved, and their developmental and contextual determinants. Efficient strategy use was expected to increase with age but to decrease in an unfamiliar setting or on a task associated with higher sex-role expectations. Children were instructed to perform future activities after waiting 30 min. Children's clock-checking during the waiting period was assessed in their own homes or a university psychophysics laboratory. As predicted, strategic time-monitoring occurred less frequently in the laboratory than in the home. The anticipated differences associated with higher sex-role expectations and age were most salient for older boys in the laboratory setting. The findings indicate that, when observed in a familiar setting, children can be shown to employ sophisticated cognitive strategies. Emphasis is placed on the scientific power of the laboratory as a contrasting context for illuminating developmental processes.


Contextos de crianza del niño. Problemas y prospectiva

January 1985

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123 Reads

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41 Citations

Infancia y Aprendizaje

The focus of this paper is to undertake a theoretical integration of current knowledge on child rearing contexts. The author, based on available research work, makes several proposals: 1) the distinction between primary developmental context (guided by others) and secondary developmental context (without this intervention); 2) the importance which parties have on the potential development of a specific context; 3) this potential development is increased through interrelations between this specific context and other contexts in which the child participates. The school has gradually distanced itself from the home and has become a place of alienation for children and adolescents, with important consequences to their behaviour and development. Child rearing contexts have also been modified due to an increasing proportion of women who have joined the work force. La idea de este artículo es hacer una integración teórica del conocimiento existente sobre los contextos de crianza del niño. A la luz de las investigaciones existentes el autor hace varias propuestas: la distinción entre contexto de desarrollo primario (bajo guía de otras personas) y secundario (sin esta intervención); la importancia de terceras partes en el desarrollo potencial de un escenario; el desarrollo potencial se ve incrementado en virtud de las interrelaciones entre ese escenario y otros contextos en los que se inserta el niño. La escuela se ha separado progresivamente del hogar y se ha convertido en uno de los focos de alienación para los niños y jóvenes, con importantes consecuencias en su conducta y en el desarrollo. Con la incorporación de la mujer al mundo laboral, también se ha modificado el contexto de crianza


Working and Watching: Maternal Employment Status and Parents' Perceptions of Their Three-Year-Old Children

August 1984

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84 Reads

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76 Citations

Child Development

To explain reported differences in effects of maternal employment on the child, the authors investigated the hypothesis that the mother's work situation influences parents' perceptions of their 3-year-old children. The sample consisted of 152 white, 2-parent families. As hypothesized, mothers working full-time painted the least flattering picture of a son and the most complimentary portrait of a daughter (but only if the mother had more than a high school education). The differences remained significant after control for possible confounding by demographic factors or by generalized response sets. Analysis of fathers' descriptions, obtained independently, exhibited the same pattern. Statistical analogues simulating more complex ecological models revealed that maternal employment entails both costs and benefits for the family as a child-rearing system. In contemporary American society, increasing education for mothers appears to catalyze a positive connection between maternal employment and parental perception of daughters but a reverse relationship for sons, or for daughters of mothers with limited education. These differences tend to be accentuated in families with children of only one sex.





Contexts of child rearing: Problems and prospects. American Psychologist, 34, 844-850

October 1979

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701 Reads

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1,024 Citations

American Psychologist

Contends that, as yet, child psychology remains a science of development-out-of-context. More is known about children than about the environments in which they live or the ecological conditions that foster psychological growth. On the basis of the limited knowledge available, 4 propositions are offered specifying environmental properties presumed critical to human development. In addition to certain patterns of activity and interpersonal relations occurring within the settings containing the growing child, such conditions include the existence of supportive links between settings—especially between home, school, and work place. The progressive erosion of such links in contemporary American society is seen as contributing to the disorganization of families, schools, and other childrearing settings with consequent disruption of the socialization processes essential to the development of cognitive competence and socially constructive behavior. Research designs for testing the validity of this analysis are suggested. They include experimental strategies for increasing the participation of children and adults in each other's worlds. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


Citations (29)


... The first phase of Bronfenbrenner's theory mentions the context factor, which considers four interconnected systems: the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem (Bronfenbrenner, 1976(Bronfenbrenner, , 1977a(Bronfenbrenner, , 1977b(Bronfenbrenner, , 1978Bronfenbrenner, 1979;Rosa & Tudge, 2013). Bronfenbrenner uses the image of Russian nesting dolls as a metaphor for these systems. ...

Reference:

Two Roads Lead to Rome: Evaluating Two Forms of the Process–Person–Context–Time Model
The Social Role of the Child in Ecological Perspective / Die soziale Rolle des Kindes in ökologischer Perspektive
  • Citing Article
  • February 1978

Zeitschrift für Soziologie

... La bibliografía sobre sectores medios urbanos modernos afirma que es infrecuente que un adulto con estudios universitarios haya dedicado una cantidad de tiempo significativa a tareas de cuidado durante su infancia o su juventud 1 (Hagestad y Uhlenberg, 2005;Bronfenbrenner, 1982;Rogoff, 1981). Esta clausura, aunque matizada por género, da cuenta en los estilos de vida urbanos y modernos de una separación tanto de hombres como de mujeres de los procesos vitales y familiares. ...

Children and Families: The Silent Revolution
  • Citing Article
  • August 1982

Australian Journal of Sex Marriage and Family

... This review also highlights the need for research into contextbased interventions, with over 60% of organisations offering interventions aimed at practitioners and parents, highlighting the importance of supportive and knowledgeable adults in creating safer environments for CYP [59]. This reflects a multi-systemic understanding of human development [60,61], emphasising the importance of whole systems approaches. ...

Recent Advances in Research on the Ecology of Human Development
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 1986

... Specifically, there is greater congruence for more directly observable, concrete behaviors as compared to less observable, more subjective constructs (Taber 2010). For example, using the Cornell Parent Behavior Inventory (Devereux et al. 1969), Gaylord et al. (2003) found no significant difference between parents' and children's reports about the more observable constructs of covert control and punitive discipline, whereas parents reported significantly higher levels of the less evident constructsocial support. This is consistent with meta-analyses that have found that agreement was significantly higher for ratings of more easily observable, externalizing problems as compared to internalizing problems for both parentchild (Achenbach et al. 1987;De Los Reyes et al. 2015) and mother-father dyads (Duhig et al. 2000). ...

Child-Rearing in England and the United States: A Cross-National Comparison
  • Citing Article
  • May 1969

Journal of Marriage and Family

... Нельзя не упомянуть серию известных кросс-культурных исследований, инициированных У. Бронфенбреннером, в которых изучались реакции на социальное давление у школьников разных стран, включая СССР, США, Израиль, Великобританию и др. (Bronfenbrenner, 1967(Bronfenbrenner, , 1970a(Bronfenbrenner, , 1970bShouval et al., 1975). Основным инструментом служил тест моральных дилемм, а давление осуществлялось путем сообщения, что результаты будут показаны учителям и другим взрослым (adult condition) или сверстникам (peer condition). ...

Response to Pressure from Peers Vs Adults Among Soviet and American School Children
  • Citing Article
  • October 1967

International Journal of Psychology

... These resultant mental and behavioral risk factors are an important focus for reducing recidivism among adolescents in residential settings (Aebi et al., 2021;Baglivio et al., 2018;Yoder et al., 2017). More importantly, socioecological frameworks remind us that these risk factors often occur at multiple levels, such as social, family, and community levels, not just the individual level (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). Yet, we attend little to these socioecological needs, which often occur outside the purview of the prison, to promote successful reentry. ...

Commentary on Plomin, R. (1994). Towards a more developmental behavioral genetics
  • Citing Article
  • March 1994

Review of Social Development

... 11 In our study (as well as in the studies cited), reporting bias (perception bias) is possible: Interestingly, maternal employment status affects parents' perceptions of their child's mental health differently for boys and girls, and may therefore contribute to gender differences in the effects of maternal employment on child mental health. 34,35 In our multivariable regression analysis, parental stress and anxiety at/before childbirth were associated with child mental health (Supplementary Tables S7-S10 for employment may play a role. This needs to be taken into account when translating the ndings (poorer mental health of boys in trajectory classes 2 and 3 vs 1) into advice for families. ...

Working and Watching: Maternal Employment Status and Parents' Perceptions of Their Three-Year-Old Children

Child Development

... Correlation coefficients were analysed between maternal and paternal support. The use of power-assertive techniques by parents to control their Delinquency [16] Discipline and Behavioural Control Sharing, control through guilt, strictness, expression of affection, emotional support, parental direction, sharing, moderate autonomy, lax discipline, positive evaluation, negative evaluation, irritability, extreme autonomy, laissez-faire family style [17,18] Parental rewards Good behaviour, achievement, [31] Substance use Adolescent and parental substance use Intensity and frequency of alcohol use, intensity and frequency of alcohol use, frequency of other substance use, age at initiation of use [14] Muchiri and dos Santos Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy (2018) 13:24 Page 3 of 10 children was also measured as the sum of paternal and maternal scores on the five-item maternal and paternal discipline scales [18]. Discipline and behavioural control was measured either as "level 1 = not like", "level 2 = somewhat like" or "level 3 = a lot like". ...

Socialization Practices of Parents, Teachers, and Peers in Israel: Kibbutz, Moshav, and City
  • Citing Article
  • December 1977

Child Development

... The family unit is acknowledged as a pivotal microenvironment for personal growth and development [17]. Family systems theory posits a "spillover effect" within family subsystems [18], whereby an individual's emotions or behaviors in one domain, such as parental psychological control, can ripple into others. College students are notably vulnerable to the repercussions of parental psychological control [19]. ...

Natureuture reconceptualized in developmental perspective: A bioecological model
  • Citing Article
  • October 1994

Psychological Review

... In particular, paternal monitoring may have important implications for adolescent aggression (Lamb & Lewis, 2004). Though fathers are less involved in adolescents, they are generally more strict and punitive to their adolescents than mothers (Devereux et al., 1974). When fathers have monitoring behavior, such as setting up family rules, adolescents expect more consequences. ...

Socialization Practices of Parents, Teachers, and Peers in Israel: The Kibbutz versus the City
  • Citing Article
  • June 1974

Child Development

Edward C. Devereux

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Ron Shouval

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Urie Bronfenbrenner

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[...]

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Esther Karson