Ulrich Spicher's research while affiliated with Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and other places
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Publications (175)
Der Verbrennungsmotor ist die am weitesten verbreitete Energiewandlungsmaschine. Weit über eine Milliarde Verbrennungsmotoren sind heute als Antrieb für Fahrzeuge (Personenkraftwagen, Nutzfahrzeuge, Zweiräder, Schiffe), zur Energieversorgung (Heizkraftwerke, Notstromaggregate, Generatorantrieb) oder für andere Zwecke wie beispielsweise als handgeha...
Since the invention of spark ignition engines, knocking has been the limiting factor in the development of new engines with increased power density and improved efficiency. The mechanisms that lead to knocking combustion have been investigated in numerous research studies that have produced, to some extent, controversial theories. Even though it is...
Der Verbrennungsmotor ist die am weitesten verbreitete Energiewandlungsmaschine. Weit über eine Milliarde Verbrennungsmotoren sind heute als Antrieb für Fahrzeuge (Personenkraftwagen, Nutzfahrzeuge, Zweiräder, Schiffe), zur Energieversorgung (Heizkraftwerke, Notstromaggregate, Generatorantrieb) oder für andere Zwecke wie beispielsweise als handgeha...
In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat der konventionelle Ottomotor wie auch der Dieselmotor einen hohen Entwicklungsstand erreicht. Während beim Pkw-Dieselmotor der Schritt zur Direkteinspritzung 1989 durch Audi [1] gelungen ist, auch durch vorliegende Erfahrungen aus dem Nutzfahrzeugbereich, wurde beim Ottomotor bis heute die Laststeuerung durch Meng...
Aus den Erfahrungen des Flugzeugmotorbaus, wo die Benzin-Direkteinspritzung schon seit den 1920er Jahren zum Einsatz kam, entwickelten die Firmen Gutbrod und Goliath im Zusammenarbeit mit Bosch Zweitaktmotoren mit Direkteinspritzung, die in den Serienfahrzeugen Gutbrod Superior und Goliath GP 700 zum Einsatz kamen. Beide Fahrzeuge verwendeten einen...
Die Senkung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs und die Reduzierung der Schadstoffemissionen steht nicht nur heute, sondern wird auch in den nächsten Jahren im Mittelpunkt der Hubkolben- Motorenentwicklung für mobile Antriebe stehen. Nicht nur der Dieselmotor mit Direkteinspritzung, auch der Ottomotor mit Direkteinspritzung verfügt trotz des heute hohen techn...
Eine der wichtigsten Kenngrößen eines Motors ist die Leistung (Arbeit pro Zeit). Die direkte Messung der Leistung am Motor ist nicht möglich. Aus diesem Grund wird diese aus dem gemessenen Drehmoment und der Motordrehzahl ermittelt. Das Drehmoment eines Motors lässt sich am Motorprüfstand mit einer Leistungsbremse direkt messen. Die Leistungsbremse...
Der Kraftstoffverbrauch ist beim Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs die Größe, die in der Praxis von besonderem Interesse ist. Dies gilt zumindest in den westeuropäischen Ländern, aber auch in Ländern wie den Vereinigten Staaten steht der Kraftstoffverbrauch zunehmend im Interesse der Nutzer. Dies ist darauf zurück zu führen, dass einerseits die Ressourc...
Downsizing und Downspeeding sind wirkungsvolle Maßnahmen zur Verbrauchsreduzierung und können bei geeigneter Ausführung Verbrauchseinsparungen von bis zu 10% erzielen. Dazu werden beide Maßnahmen in ausgeführten Fahrzeugen meist kombiniert eingesetzt, um das Potenzial voll auszuschöpfen. In diesem Buch werden die Begriffe Downsizing und Downspeedin...
Jeder Verbrennungsvorgang – auch im Motor – ist eine Oxidation mit Sauerstoff. In der Regel werden bei Motoren Kraftstoffe eingesetzt, die aus Kohlenwasserstoffen bestehen. Benzin besteht aus einem Gemisch vieler unterschiedlicher Kohlenwasserstoffe. Wird ein Kohlenwasserstoffmolekül vollständig verbrannt, so entstehen theoretisch nur Kohlendioxid...
Motorkenngrößen dienen dem Entwickler, dem Konstrukteur sowie dem Benutzer von Verbrennungsmotoren als wichtiges Hilfsmittel bei der Auslegung der Grundabmessungen, bei der Leistungs- und Verbrauchsbetrachtung und bei der Beurteilung und dem Vergleich verschiedener Motoren. Man unterscheidet zwischen den konstruktiven Motorkenngrößen wie Hub, Bohru...
Unter dem Begriff Ladungswechsel ist hier der Austausch der Zylinderfüllung zu verstehen. Maßgeblichen Einfluss darauf hat neben den im Zylinderkopf befindlichen Steuerorganen das daran angeschlossene Ansaug- beziehungsweise Abgassystem. Durch sie wird die Qualität der Frischgaszuführung und der Abgasentfernung realisiert.
At part load and wide open throttle operation with stratified charge and lean mixture conditions the Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engine offers similar efficiency levels compared to compression ignition engines The present paper reports on results of recent studies on the impact of the in-cylinder processes in DISI engines e. g. the injec...
Optical measurements of the flame propagation inside an engine provide essential information for combustion process development. Many published studies in this field of research focus on low load and low speed engine operating points, as the utilized measurement techniques do not provide full load capability. Future emission legislations will inclu...
The investigation of transient engine operation plays a key role of the future challenges for individual mobility in terms of real driving emissions (RDE). A fundamental investigation of the transient engine operation requires the simultaneous application of measurement technologies for an integrated study of mixture formation, combustion process a...
In the present paper the results of a set of experimental investigations on LSPI are discussed. The ignition system of a test engine was modified to enable random spark advance in one of the four cylinders. LSPI sequences were successfully triggered and exhibited similar characteristics compared to regularly occurring pre-ignition. Optical investig...
Background: Due to the available volumes, biogenic residues are a promising resource for renewable fuels for passenger cars to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, we compare three fuels from forest residues under German framework conditions: biogenic electricity, substitute natural gas (SNG), and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel. Metho...
Vor dem Hintergrund des außerordentlichen bisherigen Erfolges des Verbrennungsmotors sind die weitere Entwicklung, die dazu bestehenden Möglichkeiten und die zukünftige Rolle des Verbrennungsmotors von großem Interesse. In besonderem Ausmaß ist diese Frage für die Mobilität relevant, sie gilt aber auch für die Anwendung in stationären Anlagen und A...
A high accuracy of full-vehicle thermal models are required to predict the vehicle heat-up behaviour at every conceivable combination of driving cycle and ambient air temperature down to −20 °C. Within this work a methodology for modelling the thermal behaviour of an IC-engine is presented. The focus lies on the heat-path beginning with the combust...
The paper gives a comprehensive overview regarding all relevant operation parameters mainly influencing the energy balance of a state-of-the-art automotive Diesel engine. A detailed experimental analysis of the influence of injection timing and pressure, EGR rate, boost pressure, charge air temperature, coolant temperature and swirl flap position i...
The two-stroke SI engine is the predominant driving unit in applications that require a high power-to-weight ratio, such as handheld power tools. Regarding the latest regulations in emission limits the main development area is clearly a further reduction of the exhaust emissions.The emissions are directly linked to the combustion processes and the...
Small gasoline engines are used in motorcycles and handheld machinery, because of their high power density, low cost and compact design. The reduction of hydrocarbon emissions and fuel consumption is an important factor regarding the upcoming emission standards and operational expenses. The scavenging process of the two-stroke engine causes scaveng...
Trotz immer wiederkehrender Bemühungen, alternative Zündsysteme wie Plasma-, Laser- und andere Zündungen für den Serieneinsatz zu entwickeln, hat sich bis heute die traditionelle Spulenzündung (SZ) wegen ihres Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnisses durchgesetzt. In Ausnahmefällen wird die Hochspannungs-Kondensatorzündung (HKZ) verwendet mit integrierter Ionen...
In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat der konventionelle Ottomotor wie auch der Dieselmotor einen hohen Entwicklungsstand erreicht. Während beim Pkw-Dieselmotor der Schritt zur Direkteinspritzung 1989 durch Audi [1] gelungen ist, auch durch vorliegende Erfahrungen aus dem Nutzfahrzeugbereich, wurde beim Ottomotor bis heute die Laststeuerung durch Meng...
Um das Potenzial der Benzin-Direkteinspritzung auszuschöpfen und die gewonnene Kraftstoffeinsparung nicht durch höhere Leistungsaufnahme der Nebenaggregate zu verlieren, muss jede einzelne Komponente des Einspritzsystems für die gestiegenen Anforderungen optimiert werden. Den größten Beitrag als Einzelmaßnahme bildet die Minimierung der aufgenommen...
Ein Saugmotor saugt die Verbrennungsluft während des Ansaugtaktes über ein Luftfilter aus der Umgebung an. Im Gegensatz dazu wird bei einem aufgeladenen Motor die Verbrennungsluft vor dem Eintritt in den Motor durch ein Aufladeaggregat verdichtet. Der gegenüber dem Saugmotor hubraumgleiche aufgeladene Motor saugt das gleiche Luftvolumen an, aber du...
Aus den Erfahrungen des Flugzeugmotorbaus, wo die Benzin-Direkteinspritzung schon seit den 1920er Jahren zum Einsatz kam, entwickelten die Firmen Gutbrod und Goliath im Zusammenarbeit mit Bosch Zweitaktmotoren mit Direkteinspritzung, die in den Serienfahrzeugen Gutbrod Superior und Goliath GP 700 zum Einsatz kamen. Beide Fahrzeuge verwendeten einen...
Jeder Verbrennungsvorgang – auch im Motor – ist eine Oxidation mit Sauerstoff. In der Regel werden bei Motoren Kraftstoffe eingesetzt, die aus Kohlenwasserstoffen bestehen. Benzin besteht aus einem Gemisch vieler unterschiedlicher Kohlenwasserstoffe. Wird ein Kohlenwasserstoffmolekül vollständig verbrannt, so entstehen theoretisch nur Kohlendioxid...
This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical investigations on pre-ignition in a series-production turbocharged DISI engine. Previous studies led to the conclusion that pre-ignition can be triggered by auto-ignition of oil droplets generated in the combustion chamber. Analysis of more recent experiments shows that a modification of...
Particle number measurements during different real world and legislative driving cycles show that catalyst heating, cold and transient engine operation cause increased particle number emissions. In this context the quality of mixture formation as a result of injector characteristics, in-cylinder flow, operation & engine parameters and fuel composit...
High frequency ignition (HFI) and conventional transistor coil ignition (TCI) were investigated with an optically accessible single-cylinder research engine to gain fundamental understanding of the chemical reactions taking place prior to the onset of combustion. Instead of generating heat in the gap of a conventional spark plug, a high frequency /...
Modern gasoline direct injection engines with spray-guided combustion processes require a stable and reliable fuel mixture formation as well as an optimal stratification at time of ignition. Due to the limited time for this process the temporal and spatial analysis of the in-cylinder flow field and its influence is of significant interest. The appl...
This paper presents the challenges and benefits of applications with optical measurement techniques in large-bore gas engines. To expand the limits of lean burn combustion pro-cesses, optical measurement techniques can deliver important insights. Experimental investigations were carried out in a multicylinder research engine with pre-chamber jet ig...
Die Direkteinspritzung im Ottomotor ist ein zukunftsorientiertes Konzept zur weiteren Reduktion von Kraftstoffverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen. Zur Erschließung des Potenzials der Benzin-Direkteinspritzung sind jedoch intensive Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten erforderlich. Im vorliegenden Beitrag berichtet das Institut für Kolbenmaschinen de...
The combination of gasoline direct injection and turbocharging is a promising method to reduce the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines through engine downsizing, which leads to increased engine efficiencies and a reduction of CO2 emissions at a comparable power output. Spray-guided direct injection allows overall lean and unthrottled op...
In summary, electric cars are currently and for the foreseeable future not economically competitive and represent a very expensive option for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. SNG and FT diesel could already achieve similar costs through tax reductions as natural gas and diesel. However, the cheapest alternative for reducing GHG emissions...
Increasingly stringent emissions regulations, limited reserves of fossil fuels and CO2-related climate effects have led to the demand for new and diversified engine and vehicle technologies. Compression ignition combustion processes currently offer the highest thermal efficiencies and therefore low specific fuel consumption. Nevertheless, conventio...
The fuel consumption of modern combustion engines can be significantly reduced through the use of gasoline direct injection (GDI). As the time for mixture preparation in GDI engines is very short, the fuel has to be injected at high pressure into the combustion chamber. Modern injection systems provide an injection pressure of up to 20 MPa, whereas...
The combustion processes optimization is one of the most important factors to enhancing thermal efficiency and reducing exhaust emissions of combustion engines [1; 2]. Future emission regulations for small two-stroke SI engines require that the emissions of gases causing the greenhouse effect, such as carbon dioxide, to be reduced. One possible way...
The emission behaviour of an internal combustion engine under test-bed conditions shows differences to the emission behaviour under real in-use conditions. Because of this fact, the developers of combustion engines and the legislator are focussing on the measurement and optimization of real in-use emissions.To this day, the research, the adjustment...
This paper describes the operation of a heavy duty six-cylinder engine in a dual fuel, Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) mode with very low engine-out NOx und soot emissions according to the US EPA Tier IV final emission limits in the corresponding C1 test cycle. This operation mode makes use of a short pilot injection of diesel fuel, which is injec...
In this work, the RAYLIX measurement technique is applied for the first time in the combustion chamber of a direct injection, heavy duty Diesel engine. This technique is a combination of elastic Rayleigh scattering, laser induced incandescence, and extinction. When applied properly, it can provide spatially-resolved information about soot particle...
Since the invention of spark ignition engines, knocking has been the limiting factor in the development of new engines with increased power density and improved efficiency. The mechanisms that lead to knocking combustion have been investigated in numerous research studies that have produced, to some extent, controversial theories. Even though it is...
Conversion of pollutants in the catalyst initiates when a minimum catalyst temperature is reached. Retarding the ignition timing beyond top dead centre firing is a widely used method for effective catalyst heating using the engine exhaust enthalpy. The emissions during these first seconds of engine use dominate cumulative tailpipe emissions over ty...
In this work, the RAYLIX measurement technique is applied for the first time in the combustion chamber of a direct injection, heavy duty Diesel engine. This technique is a combination of elastic Rayleigh scattering, laser induced incandescence, and extinction. When applied properly, it can provide spatially-resolved information about soot particle...
Conversion of pollutants in the catalyst initiates when a minimum catalyst temperature is reached. Retarding the ignition timing beyond top dead centre firing is a widely used method for effective catalyst heating using the engine exhaust enthalpy. The emissions during these first seconds of engine use dominate cumulative tailpipe emissions over ty...
In summary, electric cars are currently and for the foreseeable future not economically competitive and represent a very expensive option for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. SNG and FT diesel could already achieve similar costs through tax reductions as natural gas and diesel. However, the cheapest alternative for reducing GHG emissions...
In der MTZ 4 haben die TU Kaiserslautern und das Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) die mechanischen Möglichkeiten zur weiteren Entwicklung von homogen, stöchiometrisch betriebenen Ottomotoren hinsichtlich Kraftstoffverbrauch und CO2-Emissionen dargestellt. In diesem zweiten Teil des Beitrags werden nun neue Brennverfahren zur weiteren Effiz...
Im Folgenden stellen die TU Kaiserslautern und das Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen zur weiteren Entwicklung von Ottomotoren hinsichtlich Kraftstoffverbrauch und CO2-Emissionen vor. Am homogen, stöchiometrisch betriebenen Ottomotor werden thermodynamische Ansätze zur Prozessoptimierung mittels variablem Ventil...
The Institute for Reciprocating Engines at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology has produced an analysis of energy propulsion of vehicles that also takes into account the real operating conditions. The comparison of fuel consumption for the reference vehicles suggests that fuel consumption from the test reports can be approximated by the real fuel...
Hence, the thermal interaction between heat exchanger, electrical auxiliary heater, air ducts and passenger compartment will be discussed. In order to evaluate the effect of different heating strategies on passenger comfort, a passenger compartment model is used which predicts not only temperature developments but also humidity as a function of tim...
IntroductionModel PumpDesign of the Sliding SystemsInvestigation Methods
ResultWear AnalysisConclusion
Bei kuenftigen Ottomotoren, insbesondere mit reduziertem Hubraum auf Basis von Downsizingkonzepten, werden verstaerkt Abgasturboaufladung, vollvariabler Ventiltrieb und homogene Direkteinspritzung zum Einsatz kommen. Die Technische Universitaet Kaiserslautern und das Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (KIT) erforschen gemeinsam, welchen Einfluss...
Mit Kraftstoffemulsionen koennen sowohl die Russ- als auch die Stickoxidemissionen beeinflusst werden. Die vorgestellten Untersuchungen bewerten verschiedene Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen in Form von Diesel-Ethanol-Emulsion und Diesel-Ethanol-Wasser-Emulsion hinsichtlich ihres Potenzials zur Verringerung der Schadstoffemissionen. Durch die Zumischung...
Rapeseed oil can be a possible substitute for fossil fuel in Diesel engines. Due to different physical properties of rapeseed oil like higher viscosity and higher compressibility compared to diesel fuel, rapeseed oil cannot be easily used in conventional Diesel engines without modifications. Especially incomplete combustion leads to deposits in the...
The two-stroke SI engine remains the dominant concept for handheld power tools. Its main advantages are a good power-to-weight ratio, simple mechanical design and low production costs. Because of these reasons, the two-stroke SI engine will remain the dominant engine in such applications for the foreseeable future. Increasingly stringent exhaust em...
A new single-cylinder optically accessible heavy duty diesel engine has been conceived and constructed at the Institut für Kolbenmaschinen. Rather than being made from a quartz glass cylinder, the cylinder liner of this engine is modified with three round, flat optical access ports to facilitate laser-optical measurements within the combustion cham...
The simultaneous reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, namely NOx and soot, is the predominant goal in modern engine development. In this context, low temperature combustion concepts are believed to be the most promising approaches to resolve the above mentioned conflict of goals. Disadvantageously these combustion concepts show hi...
direct injection gasoline engines promise the highest potential to minimise fuel consumption. The first gasoline direct injection engines of the ‘second generation’ with spray-guided combustion systems were introduced to the market in 2006. These engines are able to operate in lean operation mode throughout a wide operating range. Fuel savings of 1...
Downsizing is one of the most promising concepts to reduce fuel consumption of gasoline engines. However, it is currently limited by the occurrence of irregular combustion phenomena at high loads. This paper provides an overview of the combustion phenomena to be taken into account. At first, knock, extreme knock, surface ignition, and pre-ignition...
The gasoline direct-injection engine with spray-guided combustion is one of the most promising strategies to reduce fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions of spark-ignition engines. This benefit results primarily from lean and unthrottled operation, which is realized with a highly stratified mixture at part load.
At the upper load limit of stratified...
This paper gives an overview of modern high speed photography. The systems that are used at the Institut fuer Kolbenmaschinen (IFKM) in Karlsruhe/Germany are described. Two examples for engine application outline the possibilities and challenges in connection with high speed measurements.
Investigations of the fuel injection processes in a spark ignition direct injection engine have been performed for two different fuels. The goal of this research was to determine the differences between isooctane, which is often used as an alternative to gasoline for optical engine investigations, and a special, non-fluorescing, full boiling range...
The launching of the Euro 6 exhaust gas emission standard will tighten the emission legislation. It will specify a limit for particle number concentration for direct injection gasoline engines. Careful attention to mixture formation and combustion will be required for future engines to comply with these regulations.
This work presents results and a...
This paper presents the results of a study on reasons for the occurrence of pre-ignition in highly supercharged spark ignition engines. During the study, the phenomena to be taken into account were foremost structured into a decision tree according to their physical working principles. Using this decision tree all conceivable single mechanisms to b...
Die laserinduzierte Zündung im Ottomotor hat in der Vergangenheit große Vorteile bei der Entflammung magerer Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemische gezeigt. Im Rahmen des FVV-Vorhabens „DI-Laserzündung“, Nr. 928, wurden am Institut für Kolbenmaschinen (IFKM) und am Institut für Technische Thermodynamik (ITT) des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) die Pot...
The tribological behaviour of soot was studied by means of a pin-on-disk tribometer coupled to a high-resolution wear measurement system (RNT). The soot particles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS), electron spin resonance (ESR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscop...
In this work the formation and oxidation of soot inside a direct injection spark ignition engine at different injection and ignition timing was investigated. In order to get two-dimensional data during the expansion stroke, the RAYLIX-technique was applied in the combustion chamber of an optical accessible single cylinder engine. This technique is...
Spray-guided gasoline direct injection demonstrates great potential to reduce both fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. However, conventional materials used in high-pressure pumps wear severely under fuel injection pressures above 20 MPa as the lubricity and viscosity of gasoline are very low. The use of ceramic components promises to overcome...
In this work, the potential of laser-induced ignition to improve combustion initiation and heat release in a direct-injection engine is investigated by a combined experimental and numerical investigation. Laser ignition is studied in fuel/air mixtures with homogeneous equivalence ratio fields. The results provide knowledge about minimum ignition en...
This paper presents the results of investigations that were carried out on a single-cylinder spray-guided direct injection engine. The effects of injection pressures of up to 1000 bar on combustion and emissions at the stability limit of stratified load are presented. It is known that at low engine speeds, problems in mixture preparation occur due...
In this work, heat loss was investigated in two different HCCI single cylinder engines. Thermocouples were adapted to the surfaces of the cylinder heads and the temperature oscillations were detected in a wide range of the engine operation maps. The resultant heat transfer profiles were compared to the heat losses predicted by existing models. As m...
Im Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten Forschungsvorhabens wurde am Institut für Technische Verbrennung (ITV) der Universität Hannover ein Multikom ponentenverdunstungsmodell für Ottokraftstoffe entwickelt, welches die besonderen Eigenschaften eines Vielstoffgemisches berücksichtigt. Mittels eines statistischen A...
A recently-developed, three-dimensional measurement approach for high-speed combustion visualisation has been applied to two different engine concepts. Three photomultiplier-based camera devices are linked with each other to simultaneously measure the ultraviolet combustion radiation in the engines from different viewing angles. The resulting two-d...
Controlled autoignition in gasoline engines is a promising concept to simultaneously reduce both emissions and fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. To describe the spatial progress of the chemical reactions in three-dimensional simulations of CAI engine cycles an efficient combustion chemistry model was developed. To analyze the effects...
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Given the fact that, in an endeavor to achieve the goals of engineering for a trade-off between cleaning up exhaust emissions and maximizing fuel economy, two main paths are being followed in advancing and optimizing SI-engine operating strategy in the upper part-load range. On the one hand, homogenization and operation in the compression ignition...
An important source for soot formation during the combustion of diesel engines with direct injection is the interaction of liquid fuel or a very rich air/fuel-mixture with the flame. This effect appears especially in modern direct injection engines where the injection is often split in a pre- and a main injection due to noise reasons. After the ign...
Controlled auto-ignition in petrol engines is a promising concept for the reduction of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. Experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out at the Institute for Reciprocating Engines (IFKM) and the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT) to investigate the implementation of this combustion proc...
Die kontrollierte Selbstzündung im Ottomotor stellt eine interessante Möglichkeit zur Reduzierung der Stickoxidemissionen und zur Steigerung des Wirkungsgrads dar. Im Rahmen des FVV-Vorhabens „Benzinselbstzündung“ wurden am Institut für Kolbenmaschinen (IFKM) und am Institut für Technische Thermodynamik (ITT) der Universität Karlsruhe experimentell...
The controlled auto-ignition in gasoline engines is a promising concept to reduce both emissions and fuel consumption simultaneously. Within the FVV-Vorhaben „Benzinselbstzün dung“ experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out at the Institut für Kolbenmaschinen (IFKM) and at the Institut für Technische Thermodynamik (ITT) to esti...
A recently-developed, three-dimensional measurement approach for high-speed combustion visualisation has been applied to two different engine concepts. Three photomultiplier-based camera devices are linked with each other to simultaneously measure the ultraviolet combustion radiation in the engines from different viewing angles. The resulting two-d...
The flow inside a simplified one-stroke engine with squared cross section has been calculated with compressible Large Eddy
Simulation (LES) using our code SPARC and compared with the measurements on the same geometry. The one-stroke engine has a
turbulence generator, which can ether generate a tumble or homogenous turbulence depending on the config...