March 1995
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6 Reads
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15 Citations
Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews
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Publications (59)
January 1995
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519 Reads
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200 Citations
Discusses the divergence between control theory and the life-course perspective with regard to correlates of criminal behavior. It appears that the basic findings about crime and delinquency produced by cross-sectional and longitudinal research are the same. These correlates include versatility, stability, and age. It has been argued that these authors' argument about age effects on crime may be said to embody almost all of the fallacies identified by the life-course perspective. Control theory asserts that delinquent acts are a subset of acts that produce immediate benefit at the risk of long-term cost, and that such acts tend to be committed by persons relatively unlikely to consider the long-term implications of their current behavior. Control theory therefore reduces the causal significance of life-course events and sees such events as consequences of the mechanism that explains versatility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
January 1995
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30 Reads
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41 Citations
Society
January 1994
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10 Reads
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26 Citations
April 1993
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51 Reads
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49 Citations
Crime & Delinquency
Crime is the product of the confluence of individuals low on self-control and appropriate opportunities. The likelihood of crime varies continuously with age, but the meaning of criminal acts does not depend on the age of the offender. Distinctions based on age are thus arbitrary, and probably cause more trouble than they are worth. Special treatment of juveniles is based on an erroneous image of developmental sequences, and misrepresents differences between juvenile and adult crime. We argue that one justice system would be better than two, and that of the models currently available, the juvenile system seems preferable to the adult.
February 1993
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158 Reads
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414 Citations
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
January 1993
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62 Reads
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42 Citations
offer a critique of traditional theories of aggression / argue that most measures of aggression in laboratory experiments are inversely related to aggressive behavior outside the laboratory and reflect compliance to legitimized demands of experimenters rather than aggression / question the adequacy of the notion of an aggressive personality / argue that criminals have a problem with impulsiveness or self-control / for them, lack of self-control is the key individual factor in criminal violence (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
September 1992
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12 Reads
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63 Citations
The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)
October 1990
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146 Reads
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43 Citations
Rationality and Society
Efforts to construct theories of crime consistent with a priori principles typically prove unsatisfactory. Awareness of this fact led the early positivists to reject choice theories in favor of discipline-specific theories tested by examination of correlations among directly measurable variables. Today, disciplinary theories of crime rely more on a priori principles than those theories they were designed to replace. This article critiques these principles and contrasts them with principles derived from a substantive theory of crime based on the idea of restraint. The contrast between positivistic and restraint theories is illustrated by comparing their positions on the following issues: (1) whether to begin with the presuppositions of one or another of the established disciplines; (2) whether to assume that the causes of a phenomenon require that it occur; (3) whether to assume that the characteristics of acts or events are relevant to or implicated in their causation; (4) whether behaviorally different acts and events may be homogeneous with respect to causation; and (5) whether causes or explanations common to all acts or events must enter the explanation of particular acts or events. These questions are examined in light of their consequences for criminological theory and research. In all cases, restraint or choice theory is more likely to produce conclusions consistent with the evidence.
March 1990
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102 Reads
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6,235 Citations
Citations (36)
... P5: Durante el período de estudio, ¿se administró la intervención (o se produjo la exposición) según lo previsto? (Fishbein y Ajzen, 1975), Modelo de desarrollo social (Hawkins et al., 1992), Teoría del autorrechazo (Kaplan, 1996), Teoría multietápica del aprendizaje social (Simons et al., 1988), Teoría de la conducta problema (Jessor y Jessor, 1977), Teoría del autocontrol (Hirschi y Gottfredson, 1988 (Fishbein y Ajzen, 1975), Modelo de desarrollo social (Hawkins et al., 1992), Modelo evolutivo (Kandel, 1980), Teoría constructivista (Piaget, 1962;Vygotsky, 1962) (Fishbein y Ajzen, 1975), Teoría multietápica del aprendizaje social (Simons et al., 1988), Modelo de desarrollo social (Hawkins et al., 1992), Modelo evolutivo (Kandel, 1980), Teoría de la conducta problema (Jessor y Jessor, 1977), Teoría del autorrechazo (Kaplan, 1996), Teoría de la búsqueda de sensaciones (Zuckerman, 1979) (Fishbein y Ajzen, 1975), Modelo de desarrollo social (Hawkins et al., 1992), Modelo evolutivo (Kandel, 1980), Teoría constructivista (Piaget, 1962;Vygotsky, 1962), Teoría del aprendizaje social (Bandura, 1977a) (Bandura, 1977a), Modelo evolutivo (Kandel, 1980) (Jessor y Jessor, 1977), Modelo evolutivo (Kandel, 1980) n.e. n.e. ...
- Citing Chapter
January 1988
... This aspect underscores the importance of grandparents' rearing behavior (e.g., socialization) in child development (Feng, 2023). According to the general theory of crime, a theory that delineates where self-control comes from, a child develops his/her selfcontrol through caregivers' positive parenting practices, such as supervision and close caregiver-child relationships (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). This proposition aligns with rearing style models. ...
- Citing Book
March 1990
... Lastly, among demographic characteristics, only age achieved a significant influence on survival time. Respondents who were older at release had longer survival times, echoing the validity of the age-crime curve (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 2008;Sweeten et al., 2013). With the other covariates in the model, neither gender nor race were found to have significant predictor power on survival time. ...
- Citing Chapter
May 2008
... The Control theory of crime emphasizes why people do not commit crimes. Prominent here are Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson [26]. According to their thesis, people refrain from committing crimes because of the controls/restraints placed on them, which prevent them from committing crimes even when they may have the urge or temptation to do so. ...
- Citing Article
March 1995
Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews
... Kiindulópontom az volt, hogy gyermekük szocializációja során a szülők viselkedésében megjelennek a társadalmi kontrollmechanizmusok (fegyelmezés, büntetés, jutalmazás). A szocializáció azonban magában foglalja a normalizációt (így a követendő és elutasítandó értékek és normák kijelölését), azaz a szocializáció eredménye a normalizált, valamint az önkontrollal rendelkező fiatal, aki konform magatartást tanúsít a társadalmi és/vagy családi normákhoz (Foucault 1990, Gottfredson -Hirschi 1989, 1990. Ennek értelmében a későbbiekben kifejtett Travis Hirschi (1969) és F. Ivan Nye (1973) kriminológiai kontrollelméleti modelljeik segítségével, részleges újra értelmezésével négy tipológia került megalkotásra. ...
- Citing Chapter
November 2017
... In addition, this research project evaluates criminal variety. Criminal variety (or versatility) is considered to be one of the most robust indicators of criminal behavior, because, as highlighted by some authors (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 2002;Sanches et al., 2016;van Ruitenburg & Ruiter, 2023), it integrates both frequency and severity of various deviant behaviors. Moreover, self-reported data on criminal variety may offer a more accurate view of criminal careers when compared to official records of criminal convictions . ...
- Citing Chapter
July 2017
... Trotz dieses Fokus auf individuelle Faktoren, die kriminelles Verhalten begünstigen, wurde das Konzept der Persönlichkeitseigenschaften -das heißt, relativ stabile Muster im Denken, Fühlen und Verhalten -in der krimi-1 Die Kriminologie unterscheidet traditionell zwischen Kriminalität und Straftat. Ersteres bezieht sich auf die Neigung von Menschen zu kriminellem Verhalten, Letzteres auf das tatsächliche Ereignis, währenddessen kriminelles Verhalten gezeigt wird (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 2017). nologischen Forschung weitestgehend vernachlässigt. ...
- Citing Chapter
July 2017
... Chapter 1 purports to put ADV in a developmental context, and chapter 4 notes that the risk for IPV peaks at ages 16-18 (p. 73), but the entire book ignores discussion of the age-crime curve in criminology (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 2001), suggesting that all crime peaks in adolescence. Placed in this context, the research finding is not so much noteworthy or interesting as epi-phenomenological. ...
Reference:
Thorough but With Eco-Systems Bias
- Citing Chapter
July 2017
... Recent research also shows that offenders are even more likely to "drunk dial" their friends and to use profanity in public settings (Reisig and Pratt 2011). This is the full picture of offending patterns that led to the notion of the "generality of deviance" (Hirschi and Gottfredson 1994). ...
- Citing Chapter
July 2017
... Apart from instrumental and expressive motives, researchers have noted various factors that can guide security-relevant behavior (Gottfredson 2017;Gottfredson and Hirschi 1990;Nagin and Paternoster 1993). MoCo theory. ...
- Citing Chapter
January 2020