March 2019
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1,759 Reads
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Publications (19)
April 2017
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32 Reads
April 2017
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3,100 Reads
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3,973 Citations
JAMA Oncology
IMPORTANCE Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. OBJECTIVE To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. EVIDENCE REVIEW Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results. FINDINGS In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523 000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined. Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent. Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (−6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), −10.6% to −1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.
April 2017
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3,675 Reads
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1,669 Citations
Journal of Dental Research
The Global Burden of Disease 2015 study aims to use all available data of sufficient quality to generate reliable and valid prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates of oral conditions for the period of 1990 to 2015. Since death as a direct result of oral diseases is rare, DALY estimates were based on years lived with disability, which are estimated only on those persons with unmet need for dental care. We used our data to assess progress toward the Federation Dental International, World Health Organization, and International Association for Dental Research’s oral health goals of reducing the level of oral diseases and minimizing their impact by 2020. Oral health has not improved in the last 25 y, and oral conditions remained a major public health challenge all over the world in 2015. Due to demographic changes, including population growth and aging, the cumulative burden of oral conditions dramatically increased between 1990 and 2015. The number of people with untreated oral conditions rose from 2.5 billion in 1990 to 3.5 billion in 2015, with a 64% increase in DALYs due to oral conditions throughout the world. Clearly, oral diseases are highly prevalent in the globe, posing a very serious public health challenge to policy makers. Greater efforts and potentially different approaches are needed if the oral health goal of reducing the level of oral diseases and minimizing their impact is to be achieved by 2020. Despite some challenges with current measurement methodologies for oral diseases, measurable specific oral health goals should be developed to advance global public health.
April 2017
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14 Reads
January 2017
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1,313 Reads
The Lancet
Errata for corrected authorship, affiliations and funding statements.
December 2016
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518 Reads
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26 Citations
October 2016
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239 Reads
October 2016
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330 Reads
October 2016
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590 Reads
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2 Citations
Citations (11)
... Diabetes mellitus is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Diabetes, together with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases, all account for 80% of all early non-communicable diseases deaths (4) . Diabetes is associated with many complications and negative health-related outcomes. ...
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October 2016
... Periodontitis is a non-communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence of 45%-50% globally, with its most severe form affecting 11.2% of the world's population, making it the sixth most common human disease (Marcenes et al. 2013;Kassebaum et al. 2014). The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (Kassebaum et al. 2017) reported significant years lost to disability (YLD) from 1990 to 2017, where oral diseases, primarily periodontitis and caries, led to the highest agestandardized prevalence rates among 354 diseases and injuries across 195 countries (GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators 2018). It is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease driven by the accumulation of dental biofilm, characterized by the progressive destruction of the teeth-supporting apparatus, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone (Kassebaum et al. 2017;GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators 2018). ...
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April 2017
Journal of Dental Research
... It is estimated that 21 million people will be diagnosed, and 13 million will die of cancer in the year 2030. Low-income countries contribute up to 60% of this death [3]. In Ethiopia, cancer accounts for about 5.8% of total national mortality [4]. ...
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April 2017
JAMA Oncology
... Prevalence estimates vary from 1 to 10% in all births [2]. Obstetric haemorrhage (OH) accounts for 9.3% of maternal deaths in high-income countries and 45.7% in countries with low to middle income (LMIC) [3,4]. In the triennial Saving Mothers report by the National Committee on Confdential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths (NCCEMD) in South Africa 2020-2022, obstetric haemorrhage was the second leading cause of maternal deaths in South Africa [5]. ...
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October 2016
... Chronic musculoskeletal pain affects nearly half of the general population and is a leading cause of disability, significantly impacting individuals, employers, healthcare systems, and society. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Pain-related psychological factors, such as thoughts and beliefs regarding pain, as well as attitudes in response to painful experiences, can exert both positive and negative influences on how individuals interpret, perceive, and cope with pain. 9 As such, those painrelated psychological factors can significantly influence behavioral responses, often more so than the actual severity of the pain. ...
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October 2016
The Lancet
... Challenges like a lack of resources, drugs and sundries; inadequate healthcare infrastructure; and provider training were commonly mentioned as things that made it difficult to offer high-quality care (Bradley et al., 2019;Jiru & Sendo, 2021;Kyaddondo et al., 2017). These findings are supported by previous studies (Carter et al., 2019;Cerf, 2021;Garthus-Niegel et al., 2013;Kassebaum et al., 2016;Perry et al., 2017) which highlight the way systemic issues, including inadequate provider training, a lack of funding, and poor infrastructure, make it difficult to improve maternal healthcare systems in impoverished countries. Midwives' work environment and resource limitations have been consistently noted as parameters that impact their capacity to provide competent and compassionate care. ...
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October 2016
The Lancet
... The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation has been systematically conducting the GBD studies since 2010, with a particular emphasis on the influence of risk factors [11]. The results of exposure to occupational carcinogens (OCs) have been extensively reported, with updates at the national and global levels [2,12]. However, there are no studies that have systematically evaluated the cancer burden due to occupational exposure individually and collectively. ...
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October 2016
The Lancet
... There have been some studies that established DWs for a wide range of diseases and injuries, the most comprehensive and systematic of which was the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies that can be traced back to the groundbreaking research in 1996 [9]. Subsequently, a handful of related studies emerged or were updated, with conceptual, methodological, and technical modifications [10][11][12][13][14]. Certainly, up to now, the most widely used approach for the computation of DWs belongs to that described in the GBD 2010 study [15,16], and perhaps the most extensive survey is GBD 2013 which covered 235 health states and involved 60,890 subjects from 9 countries [7,8]. ...
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November 2015
Population Health Metrics
... According to a study on the Global Burden of Disease, the proportion of adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or greater surged from approximately 29% to 37% in men and from around 30% to 38% in women between 1980 and 2013. Additionally, in 2013, 22.6% of girls in developed countries and 13.4% of girls in developing countries were classified as overweight or obesity (1). ...
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August 2014
... Medical costs represented the majority of the economic burden at 69.5%, followed by productivity loss costs (17.9%), caregivers' costs (10.2%), and transportation costs (2.4%) [9]. Obesity and overweight are major contributors to chronic diseases such as T2DM, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders, and caused 3.4 million deaths in 2016 [10]. ...
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August 2014
The Lancet