Toby Hopp's research while affiliated with University of Colorado Boulder and other places

... In other words, when an individual expresses their social self-efficacy, the entire group gains social capital from the resulting interactions (Wu et al., 2012). Other studies observed the relevant role of SNS-specific self-efficacy in predicting electronic surveillance (Ruggieri, Bonfanti, Passanisi, et al., 2021), identification of fake news (Hopp, 2022), and predicting online verbal aggression (Ferreira et al., 2021). ...

... This is still happening in the context of an indispensable change marked by today's digital media age, a cultural technique that changes the way people perceive the world, understand themselves and act accordingly (Baecker 2018: 23). As shown by the research of Hopp et al. (2020), people who place themselves at the extremes of the "conservative" and "progressive" spectrum tend to share fake news by drawing material from unreliable sources, mainly due to a lack of trust in established news organizations. ...

... Several studies were conducted relative to the fraudulent imitation of information. These studies were on students' use and impact of social media [12,13], fake news on social media [14], video manipulation and fraudulent simulation [15], detrimental effects of false internet news [1], and useful countermeasures for false news on online social media [16], the indirect beneficial effect of fake news watching in developing the sentiments of inefficacy, alienation, and cynicism [17], and the role of cognitive ability on the impact of false information on social impressions [18]. However, few studies were conducted on the extent of preventive practices against fraudulent imitation of information on social media platforms in terms of propaganda, misinformation, and disinformation among Senior High School students. ...

... Individuals appear to make credibility judgments sequentially, noticing and processing one element of a website at a time (Fogg 2003). The prominence-interpretation theory relates to opinion labels because the more prominent a heuristic cue is, the more it may affect the process of evaluating credibility (Santana and Hopp 2020;Masullo et al. 2021). This theory is especially relevant in online environments ...

... Although the Swedish Police seek to be transparent in their communication, employees must follow rules and regulations on the sensitive use of social media; otherwise, it could generate obfuscation and have devastating consequences for trust in the police (Hopp & Fisher, 2021). Some respondents mentioned that they felt restricted, in some situations, about what they could say and share, which affected the degree of transparency with the public. ...

... Based on SPD theory and a social contract perspective, when youth are not satisfied with the government and view policies as unjust, youth may be prompted to deepen CC through critical analysis or action (Watts et al., 2011). Other research similarly suggests that youth with Democratic views may be more open to information seeking in conservative contexts, especially during elections (McDevitt & Hopp, 2020). These patterns should be further investigated, as they have implications for civic education, demonstrating that youth's critical analysis in terms of deliberation skills, awareness of inequality, and race consciousness can be differentially affected by different political contexts. ...

... If the local community does not appreciate SE practices, there is a high risk that the community will not patronize the SE and that the SE will not be able to survive. A transparent and accountable policy along with action leads to brand trust [128]. When the local community trusts in the ACCP, they can influence the community stakeholders to engage in the project activities. ...

... Wang and Lo (2013), in a quantitative behavioral study in Taiwan, showed that citizens' attitudes towards the use of government websites have positive and significant effects on the intention to use government websites. In a more recent study, using the Theory of Planned Behavior and seeking to understand the use of political research aggregation sites, Hopp and Sheehan (2020) identified that the positive evaluations of these sites positively influence the intention to use them. ...

... Public diplomacy is executed by not only governments but also NGOs and the private sector to inform and influence foreign publics to gain grounds or favorability for the sponsoring entity's values, perspectives, and interests (Manheim, 1994). Current trend unveils that deliberate communication programs that purport to influence publics across borders may effectively undermine competitors' edge in international arena -rather than simply bolster the host nation's standing (Vargo & Hopp, 2020). The new development of public diplomacy that emphasizes on horizontal rather than vertical flow of information ("public diplomacy 2.0" afterward) (Cull, 2013) deserves a rekindled attention to public diplomacy practices in the context of advanced communication technologies for several reasons. ...

... In this case, we are dealing with an ad-hoc constructed distortion, aimed at manipulating the rules of the democratic game and, not surprisingly, its importance for incivility studies boasts a long tradition, especially in approaches that refer to deliberative democracy (Gutmann & Thompson, 2004). Delineating itself as a highly corrosive type of incivility for democratic systems, its empirical detection has frequently been traced back to lying accusation, misleading or persuasive deception activities (Hopp, 2019;Kenski, et al., 2019;Kenski et al., 2020). In this direction, Stryker and colleagues (2016) refer to deception incivility to indicate the use of slander and exaggeration or the lack of evidence to support what is claimed; while Bormann (2022) refers to forms of violation of information norms (e.g. ...