Ting Cai’s research while affiliated with Shandong University and other places

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Publications (5)


Harnessing electroactive microbial community for energy recovery from refining wastewater in microbial fuel cells
  • Article

February 2025

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1 Read

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Xiaoyan Qi

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Ruijun Liu

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Ting Cai

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[...]

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Rapid and reliable determination of sulfide and sulfite in food by a multianalyte electrochemical sensor based on nanoporous gold

July 2024

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14 Reads

Electroanalysis

Given the increasing food safety problems caused by sulfide and sulfite, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid and accurate method for the detection of sulfide and sulfite in food. In this study, a multianalyte electrochemical sensor was successfully fabricated based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by nanoporous gold (NPG) for the detection of sulfide and sulfite. Owing to the exceptional oxidation activity of NPG towards sulfite and sulfide, the constructed multianalyte NPG/GCE electrochemical sensor achieved highly sensitive detection of sulfide in the concentration range of 50 μM–5 mM with a sensitivity of 21.33 μA mM ⁻¹ cm ⁻² and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 37.53 μM. For the detection of sulfite, the multianalyte NPG/GCE electrochemical sensor exhibited good linearity in the concentration range of 50 μM–5 mM with a sensitivity of 71.76 μA mM ⁻¹ cm ⁻² and a LOD of 5.12 μM. In addition, the multianalyte NPG/GCE electrochemical sensor realized the reliable detection of sulfide and sulfite in complex real food samples (such as milk, pickles, red wine, and tap water) with high sensitivity and anti‐interference ability. The multianalyte NPG/GCE electrochemical sensor exhibited many advantageous properties in practical applications, including easy fabrication, sensitivity, rapidity, cost‐efficient, and flexible adaptability, which made it a promising candidate for the rapid and reliable detection of sulfide and sulfite in food.


Fig. 1 A and B , a brief lag period (approximately 24 h) of growth and rapid substrate degradation were evident in MFCs treated with acetate and lactate, indicating the rapid adaptation of P. putida B6-2 to the environment when these compounds served as substrates. Further monitoring revealed limited growth of P. putida B6-2 on acetate assimilation compared to lactate, with residual acetate approximately at 0.66 mg L − 1 . The main inhibitory effects on growth may result from the uncoupling effects of acetate and interference with intracellular anion composition [ 22 , 23 ]. Microbial metabolism involves a series of chemical reactions where microorganisms absorb nutrients to sustain life, proliferate, and degrade substrates [10] . As depicted in Fig. 1 , P. putida B6-2 exhibited varying degrees of cell growth and organic degradation in the anode chambers with all four substrates as carbon sources, affirming the possibility of metabolic cycling within these MFCs. Fig. S5 illustrates the gradual adsorption of P. putida B6-2 onto the anode, forming a mature biofilm. Given that biofilms are typically anaerobic, P. putida B6-2 may transfer extracellular electrons to the electrodes, ensuring normal growth, metabolism, and bioenergy production. Consequently, the enhanced growth of P. putida B6-2 accelerates microbial biomass in the anode chamber, expediting biofilm formation and potentially shortening the MFC start-up period [24] . Moreover, studies suggest that alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions enhance EET efficiency and Pseudomonas growth on anode biofilms in MFCs [25] . As depicted in Fig. 1 C and D , P. putida B6-2 efficiently degraded glucose to undetectable levels within 48 h, while this process extended up to 96 h in MFCs utilizing fructose as the sole carbon source. Consequently, the growth rate of P. putida B6-2 was notably slower in the presence of fructose compared to glucose alone. Unlike E. coli and Bacillus subtilis, P. putida uptakes glucose through the OprB1 porin in the periplasmic space, rather than utilizing the phosphoenolpyruvate carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) [ 26 , 27 ]. On the contrary, fructose is the sole carbohydrate known to enter P. putida cells via the PTS system [ 26 , 27 ]. Upon cellular uptake, glucose is converted to 6-
Fig. 2. Voltage output of MFCs with acetate (A), lactate (B), glucose (C), and fructose (D) as substrates, respectively.
Fig. 3. Power density and polarization curve of MFCs with acetate (A), lactate (B), glucose (C), and fructose (D) as substrates, respectively.
Fig. 4. Morphological analysis of biofilms in MFCs with acetate (A), lactate (B), glucose (C), and fructose (D) as substrates (100 ×), respectively.
Fig. 5. Morphological analysis of biofilms in MFCs with acetate (A), lactate (B), glucose (C), and fructose (D) as substrates (40,000 ×), respectively.

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Electricity generation by Pseudomonas putida B6-2 in microbial fuel cells using carboxylates and carbohydrate as substrates
  • Article
  • Full-text available

March 2024

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24 Reads

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1 Citation

Engineering Microbiology

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) employing Pseudomonas putida B6-2 (ATCC BAA-2545) as an exoelectrogen have been developed to harness energy from various conventional substrates, such as acetate, lactate, glucose, and fructose. Owing to its metabolic versatility, P. putida B6-2 demonstrates adaptable growth rates on diverse, cost-effective carbon sources within MFCs, exhibiting distinct energy production characteristics. Notably, the anode chamber's pH rises with carboxylates' (acetate and lactate) consumption and decreases with carbohydrates' (glucose and fructose) utilization. The MFC utilizing fructose as a substrate achieved the highest power density at 411 mW m⁻². Initial analysis revealed that P. putida B6-2 forms biofilms covered with nanowires, contributing to bioelectricity generation. These microbial nanowires are likely key players in direct extracellular electron transport through physical contact. This study established a robust foundation for producing valuable compounds and bioenergy from common substrates in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) utilizing P. putida as an exoelectrogen.

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Role of the cathode chamber in microbial electrosynthesis: A comprehensive review of key factors

February 2024

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31 Reads

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5 Citations

Engineering Microbiology

The consumption of non-renewable fossil fuels has directly contributed to a dramatic rise in global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, posing an ongoing threat to the ecological security of the Earth. Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is an innovative energy regeneration strategy that offers a gentle and efficient approach to converting CO2 into high-value products. The cathode chamber is a vital component of an MES system and its internal factors play crucial roles in improving the performance of the MES system. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the key factors related to the cathode chamber in the MES system. The topics covered include inward extracellular electron transfer pathways, cathode materials, applied cathode potentials, catholyte pH, and reactor configuration. In addition, this review analyzes and discusses the challenges and promising avenues for improving the conversion of CO2 into high-value products via MES.


Performance comparison between glutamate detection sensors.
The spike recovery of glutamate detection in actual samples.
Integration of Glutamate Dehydrogenase and Nanoporous Gold for Electrochemical Detection of Glutamate

December 2023

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18 Reads

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3 Citations

Biosensors

Glutamate, a non-essential amino acid produced by fermentation, plays a significant role in disease diagnosis and food safety. It is important to enable the real-time monitoring of glutamate concentration for human health and nutrition. Due to the challenges in directly performing electrochemical oxidation–reduction reactions of glutamate, this study leverages the synergistic effect of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and nanoporous gold (NPG) to achieve the indirect and accurate detection of glutamate within the range of 50 to 700 μM by measuring the generated quantity of NADH during the enzymatic reaction. The proposed biosensor demonstrates remarkable performance characteristics, including a detection sensitivity of 1.95 μA mM−1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.82 μM. The anti-interference tests indicate an average recognition error ranging from −3.85% to +2.60%, spiked sample recovery rates between 95% and 105%, and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 4.97% for three replicate experiments. Therefore, the GLDH-NPG/GCE biosensor presented in this work exhibits excellent accuracy and repeatability, providing a novel alternative for rapid glutamate detection. This research contributes significantly to enhancing the precise monitoring of glutamate concentration, thereby offering more effective guidance and control for human health and nutrition.