Tina Amelia’s research while affiliated with Universitas Borobudur and other places

The study focuses on the application of the concept of Gadai Syariah (Rahn) as a legal framework for the management of the financial sector. Gadai Syariah is a legal framework that aims to regulate the financial sector and its relationship with the economy. It is based on the principles of economics, which emphasize the importance of the financial sector in managing the financial sector. The research aims to understand the role of the financial sector in the development of Indonesia, particularly in the context of the country's economic development and the need for credit. The study also examines the role of the financial sector in the internationalization of Indonesia and the modernization of the country.Gadai is a legal framework that aims to regulate the financial sector, focusing on the role of the financial sector in the development of Indonesia. The study also discusses the role of the financial sector in the development of Indonesia, highlighting the importance of the financial sector in the development of Indonesia. The study also discusses the role of the financial sector in the development of Indonesia, highlighting the role of the financial sector in the development of Indonesia. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penerapan konsep Gadai Syariah (Rahn) sebagai kerangka hukum pengelolaan sektor keuangan. Gadai Syariah merupakan kerangka hukum yang bertujuan untuk mengatur sektor keuangan dan hubungannya dengan perekonomian. Hal ini didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip ekonomi, yang menekankan pentingnya sektor keuangan dalam mengelola sektor keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami peran sektor keuangan dalam pembangunan Indonesia, khususnya dalam konteks pembangunan ekonomi negara dan kebutuhan akan kredit. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif, dan akan diarahkan untuk mengkaji peran sektor keuangan dalam internasionalisasi Indonesia dan modernisasi negara. Gadai merupakan kerangka hukum yang bertujuan untuk mengatur sektor keuangan, dengan fokus pada peran sektor keuangan dalam pembangunan Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga membahas peran sektor keuangan dalam pembangunan Indonesia, menyoroti pentingnya sektor keuangan dalam pembangunan Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga membahas peran sektor keuangan dalam pembangunan Indonesia, menyoroti peran sektor keuangan dalam pembangunan Indonesia.

The management of natural resources in Indonesia is constitutionally mandated to follow a people's economy approach, prioritizing public welfare. However, there has been a significant deviation from this principle, with the State-Owned Enterprises Law (UU BUMN) promoting privatization and commercialization, rather than the intended economic model. This reveals a critical gap between constitutional ideals and actual policy implementation. This paper aims to address this gap by examining the inconsistency between the constitution and current SOE practices, particularly in natural resource management. Utilizing a normative juridical research methodology, combining statutory and conceptual approaches, this study investigates how SOEs have increasingly focused on profit maximization, often at the expense of sustainable development and local community welfare. Key findings highlight a fundamental misalignment between the constitutional mandate and the operational goals of SOEs, which now prioritize excessive exploitation for financial gains. The implications of this research suggest an urgent need to reform SOE policies, steering them towards sustainable practices that align with the people’s economy model and the constitutional goal of achieving the greatest prosperity for all citizens. Reorienting SOE management to balance profit and sustainability is essential for protecting both natural resources and the long-term interests of local communities.

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has produced advanced tools performing tasks traditionally done by humans, but this progress introduces significant legal, ethical, and security challenges. These challenges encompass concerns about individual privacy, data security, legal liability, biases in AI decision-making, and the necessity for international collaboration on regulatory frameworks that balance innovation with public protection. This research analyzes the roles and responsibilities of governments, companies, and individuals in safeguarding personal data from AI misuse. Employing normative juridical methods with statutory and analytical approaches, it focuses primarily on Indonesia’s Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection and Law Number 19 of 2016, which amends Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions. While Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection (PDP) Law aims to prevent misuse by AI through comprehensive regulations and clear data protection measures, it does not specifically address challenges posed by AI technology. Given AI’s ability to process large-scale data rapidly, there’s an increased risk of personal data misuse if not closely monitored. Therefore, reform is needed to develop regulations that are more specific and adaptable to AI developments, including establishing specialized agencies to monitor and prosecute AI-related personal data misuse.

Human rights may be defined as the basic rights that every human being is presumed to possess from the moment of birth. It is the responsibility of the government to protect its citizens, a responsibility that encompasses the protection of all, including children. This obligation extends to all children, regardless of their specific circumstances, including those with special needs, who are often referred to as children with disabilities. This study addresses two research questions, namely: how the legal framework in Indonesia regulates the protection of children with special needs in healthcare services and how is the law enforcement regarding cases of discrimination in healthcare services against children with special needs in Indonesia. This normative juridical research employs both a statutory approach and an analytical approach. The outcome of this research is that the legislation and regulatory framework governing the fulfilment of the rights of children with special needs, including health services, has resulted in the establishment of legal entitlements, benefits, and certainty. However, in practice, the fulfilment of the rights of children with special needs to obtain health services without discrimination has not been implemented in accordance with the relevant legislation.

Indonesia lacks a dedicated institution for personal data protection, a lack of which has led to increased data breaches and misuse. The Presidential Regulation, which regulates duties and authorities, has not been effective in addressing the issue. The country’s transition to digital technologies has not led to comprehensive legal protections. This type of research uses normative juridical research methods, using a statutory approach and an analytical approach, with the primary legal material is Law No. 27 of 2022 on the Protection of Personal Data, followed by analysis through grammatical interpretation and teleological interpretation. The result suggests that In Indonesia, the responsibility for overseeing data protection is currently held by an institution appointed by the President, raising concerns about the supervisory function’s independence. To address this, legal reforms are needed to create an independent supervisory institution with complete organizational autonomy, defining its structure, decision-making processes, and financial independence. This will prevent undue influence from external factors, such as political influence, and ensure a secure digital environment for all stakeholders.

The digital era has witnessed the emergence of e-commerce as a dominant platform through which consumers can procure a vast range of products and services. However, a significant challenge that often emerges is the use of similar or identical product images by numerous online stores, which can potentially lead to consumer confusion with regard to the authenticity and source of the product in question. This also raises legal concerns related to intellectual property, where the owner of the original image may potentially face losses due to the unauthorized use of the image by other parties. In order to ensure fair competition and to protect the interests of consumers, it is of the utmost importance to provide effective legal protection for product image copyright in the context of e-commerce. This research employs a normative research method with a legislative approach and analysis. The findings demonstrate the necessity for copyright protection in the context of e-commerce, with a view to regulating the use of similar or identical images for product information. Images of products are considered to be creative works that are protected from the moment of their creation. The concept of fair use may permit image utilization without prior permission in certain circumstances. Conversely, copyright infringements may give rise to legal action, including the termination of image use, financial compensation or penalties. Furthermore, international treaties provide protection for intellectual property rights.

This research aims to examine and analyze the actualization of specific personal data protection in the context of court decisions. In the digital era and with the advancement of information technology, the protection of personal data has become an increasingly important and relevant issue. However, there is a need to further understand how specific personal data protection is realized and implemented in the context of court decisions. This research adopts a normative legal research method with a legislative and conceptual approach. The data used consists of primary legal materials such as legislation and court decisions related to personal data protection. Additionally, this study also refers to legal literature and expert opinions regarding personal data protection and court decisions. The results of the research indicate that the actualization of specific personal data protection in court decisions is an exception due to the principle of open court proceedings and the publication of trial outcomes. This relates to the specific personal data protection concerning criminal records. There is a need to exempt criminal records from the exceptions stated in court decisions. The importance of exempting personal data protection in the context of court decisions is also emphasized to prevent misuse in the judicial process and maintain public trust in the justice system. This research provides an important contribution to identify and analyze how specific personal data protection can be implemented in court decisions. The implications of this research are expected to provide a better understanding for relevant parties, including the judiciary, government, and the general public, regarding the importance of specific personal data protection in the context of justice. Keywords: formulation, personal data protection, court decision