Timothy P Boyer’s research while affiliated with NOAA Fisheries and other places

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Publications (237)


Available objectively analyzed and statistical fields
Depths associated with each standard level number. The maximum depth of the WOA18 is 5500 m (Table 4).
WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 2018 Product Documentation Ocean Climate Laboratory NCEI / NESDIS / NOAA NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
  • Technical Report
  • Full-text available

July 2019

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1,963 Reads

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17 Citations

T P Boyer

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O K Baranova

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R A Locarnini

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M M Zweng

This document describes the World Ocean Atlas 2018 (WOA18) statistical and objectively analyzed field data files. This description includes the types of statistical fields available, the oceanographic variables analyzed, and at which standard depth levels, time spans, time periods and grid resolutions they were analyzed. This description also includes the naming convention for the files, as well as the structure and format for the files. For a description of the data used, and the procedures for calculating WOA statistical fields, see https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa18/pubwoa18.html

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Figure 2. Response function of the WOA18, WOA13, WOA09, WOA05, WOA01, WOA98, WOA94, and Levitus (1982) objective analysis schemes.
Radii of influence used in the objective analysis for the one-degree and quarter-degree climatologies.
Response function of the objective analysis scheme as a function of wavelength for WOA18 and earlier analyses. Response function is normalized to 1.0.
Statistical fields calculated as part of WOA18 Temperature (√ denotes fields were calculated and are publicly available).
World Ocean Atlas 2018, Volume 1: Temperature

July 2019

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3,024 Reads

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71 Citations

This atlas consists of a description of data analysis procedures and horizontal maps of climatological distribution fields of temperature at selected standard depth levels of the World Ocean on one-degree and quarter-degree latitude-longitude grids. The aim of the maps is to illustrate large-scale characteristics of the distribution of ocean temperature. The fields used to generate these climatological maps were computed by objective analysis of all scientifically quality-controlled historical temperature data in the World Ocean Database 2018. Maps are presented for climatological composite periods (annual, seasonal, monthly, seasonal and monthly difference fields from the annual mean field, and the number of observations) at 102 standard depths.


Basins defined for objective analysis and the shallowest standard depth level for which each basin is defined.
NOAA Atlas NESDIS 83 WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 2018 Volume 3: Dissolved Oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, and Dissolved Oxygen Saturation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA Atlas NESDIS 83

July 2019

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233 Reads

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15 Citations

This atlas consists of a description of data analysis procedures and horizontal maps of climatological distribution fields of dissolved oxygen (O2), apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), and dissolved oxygen saturation ( ) at selected standard depth levels of the world ocean on a one-degree latitude-longitude grid. The aim is to illustrate large-scale characteristics of the distribution of dissolved oxygen. The oceanographic data fields used to generate these climatological maps were computed by objective analysis of scientifically quality-controlled historical dissolved oxygen data in the World Ocean Database 2018. Distribution concentration maps are presented for climatological composite periods (annual, seasonal, monthly, seasonal and monthly difference fields from the annual mean field, and the number of observations) at 102 standard depths. We also provide estimates of the basin-scale uncertainty of the WOA18 O2 objectively analyzed annual fields.


Response function of the objective analysis scheme as a function of wavelength for WOA18 and earlier analyses. Response function is normalized to 1.0.
Basins defined for objective analysis and the shallowest standard depth level for which each basin is defined.
NOAA Atlas NESDIS 84 WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 2018 Volume 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and nitrate+nitrite, silicate) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 2018 Volume 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and nitrate+nitrite, silicate)

July 2019

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356 Reads

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16 Citations

This atlas consists of a description of data analysis procedures and horizontal maps of climatological distribution fields of dissolved inorganic nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and nitrate+nitrite, and silicate) at selected standard depth levels of the World Ocean on a one-degree latitude-longitude grid. The aim of the maps is to illustrate large-scale characteristics of the distribution of these nutrients. The oceanographic data fields used to generate these climatological maps were computed by objective analysis of all scientifically quality-controlled historical nutrient data in the World Ocean Database 2018. Maps are presented for climatological composite periods (annual, seasonal, monthly, seasonal and monthly difference fields from the annual mean field, and the number of observations) at 102 standard depths. We also provide estimates of the basin-scale uncertainty of the WOA18 nutrient objectively analyzed annual fields.








Citations (3)


... Panel (b) shows pressure and surface wind pattern in boreal winter (right top panel) and in boreal summer (right bottom panel). Average annual surface temperature and surface salinity from the World Ocean Atlas 2018 (Boyer et al., 2018) plotted using Ocean Data View (ODV) (Schlitzer, 2023). ITF = Indonesian throughflow; LC = Leeuwin Current; NEC = North Equatorial Current; SEC = South Equatorial Current; EUC = Equatorial Undercurrent; CC = California Current. 4 of 28 summer, due to the low pressure over the Pilbara in northwest Australia, where local insolation heats the land, wind originating from the north-west as a part of south Asian monsoon, brings moisture from the Indian Ocean to northwest Australia, leading to high precipitation and increased riverine sediment load into the ocean (Chang et al., 2006;Suppiah, 1992). ...

Reference:

Aridification of Northwest Australia and Nutrient Decline in the Timor Sea During the 40 Kyr World
World Ocean Atlas 2018, Volume 1: Temperature

... The EMU represent 37 physically and chemically distinct volumetric regions in the ocean that were objectively derived from a non-supervised clustering of ocean environmental data. The variables clustered were from NOAA's World Ocean Atlas (WoA); namely, 57 year averages of temperature, salinity, oxygen concentration, oxidised nitrogen (~nitrate), phosphate, and silicate [44][45][46][47] . Prior to analysis using Euclidean distance and group average clustering, the data were normalised by the mean value for each variable being subtracted and divided by their standard deviation so each variable had equal weight. ...

NOAA Atlas NESDIS 84 WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 2018 Volume 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and nitrate+nitrite, silicate) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 2018 Volume 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and nitrate+nitrite, silicate)

... The ITCZ characterized by the maximum of precipitation using satellite precipitation data [the 3B42 version of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) distributed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/)] is located approximately 9°N in the studied area. (Good et al., 2020); and the World Ocean Atlas climatology (WOA18) based on in-situ data (Garcia et al., 2019). ...

WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 2018 Product Documentation Ocean Climate Laboratory NCEI / NESDIS / NOAA NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information