Tibor Schuster’s research while affiliated with McGill University and other places

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Publications (3)


Proportion of participants who answered correctly to each knowledge question
Answer distribution to the question “How frequently do you discuss the following topics with community members?” (All participants)
Answer distribution to the question “How confident are you that you can accurately counsel community members about the following topics?” (All participants)
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of community health workers regarding noncommunicable diseases in São Paulo, Brazil: a cross-sectional study
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

September 2023

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89 Reads

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1 Citation

Journal of Public Health

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Tibor Schuster

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Julie Silvia Martins

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[...]

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Yves Bergevin

This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of community health workers (CHWs) working in the eastern region of São Paulo, Brazil, regarding noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors, as a preliminary step toward training optimization. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey study with KAP questions on NCD risk factors, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer. CHWs working full-time in family health teams were invited to participate in the months of January and February 2019. Descriptive analyses were performed for all survey questions, and knowledge scores were calculated from the sum of correct answers to the knowledge questions. The survey was completed by 1071 CHWs (85% response rate). Most respondents were women and had less than five years of work experience. The mean overall knowledge score was 62%. The highest score was obtained for the CVD category (80.2%), and the lowest scores in the COPD (28%) and cervical cancer (32.9%) categories. The majority of CHWs considered diabetes as the most important NCD in their communities. At the practice level, CHWs reported being the most confident about their counseling on cervical and breast cancer screening, and the least confident about colon cancer screening. Several knowledge and practice gaps across different NCDs have been identified, which can inform the optimization of CHWs’ training and clinical activities in order to improve their effectiveness in preventing and managing NCDs in the Brazilian context.

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527 - POLIFARMÁCIA E IATROGENIA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE:UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

INTRODUÇÃO: O uso injustificado de medicamentos, questão abordada mundialmente, expõe pacientes a risco de iatrogenia, além de ocasionar gastos desnecessários ao sistema de saúde. A polifarmácia é resultado desse uso inapropriado, estando relacionada a uma formação médica insuficiente. Todo medicamento pode causar reações adversas a depender da predisposição de cada paciente e usá-los inadequadamente poderia desencadear doenças ou agravá-las. Quando dois ou mais medicamentos são administrados concomitantemente, amplifica-se o risco devido às interações medicamentosas. Portanto, essa prática impacta diretamente nos indicadores de saúde e no financiamento do sistema, sendo os idosos os mais afetados devido a provável simultaneidade de doenças crônicas e ao processo de envelhecimento. OBJETIVO: Analisar através de uma revisão sistemática, os impactos nos indicadores de saúde da população com 60 anos ou mais, causados pela polifarmácia e pelo uso irracional de medicamentos na atenção primária. FONTE DE DADOS: Para avaliar a qualidade dos artigos, foram utilizadas as ferramentas RoB 2 da Cochrane e GRADE. As plataformas foram: PubMed, LILACS, ARCA, Scielo, MEDLINE e a literatura cinzenta (Google Scholar e UpToDate). Os idiomas ficaram restritos ao português, inglês e espanhol. A busca se iniciou no dia 20 de março de 2021 e finalizou no dia 17 de abril de 2021. A ferramenta PRISMA também foi empregada. SELEÇÃO DOS ESTUDOS: foi realizada por todos os autores utilizando os seguintes critérios de elegibilidade: os artigos deveriam abordar iatrogenia, prevenção quaternária, interações medicamentosas, atenção primária à saúde, polifarmácia e uso irracional de medicamentos em idosos. Encontraram-se 742 artigos que abordavam os assuntos citados e 716 foram descartados por não atenderem a todos os critérios de elegibilidade. Dos 26 selecionados, seis foram escolhidos para a aplicação no trabalho, por meio da avaliação da qualidade do método, que descartava estudos que não fossem ensaios clínicos ou estudos de coorte. EXTRAÇÃO DOS DADOS: obtidos por meio de três sorteios consecutivos das plataformas selecionadas entre os autores. Após as seleções, os artigos eram randomizados entre os pesquisadores para a extração das informações e comparação com os outros estudos já lidos anteriormente e anexados ao Excel®. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Identificou-se uma redução na sobrevida e na qualidade de vida de idosos em polifarmácia, uma vez que indivíduos mais adoecidos, em geral, apresentam maior probabilidade de utilizarem medicamentos. Foi exposto que a prática de gestão de medicamentos diminui gastos com internações (RR-63%) e inadequações medicamentosas existentes e melhora a comunicação médico paciente. A polifarmácia esteve presente, majoritariamente, nos idosos com maior renda e sem disfunções cognitivas. Além disso, o uso de medicações potencialmente inadequadas (MPI) e sua não descontinuação estão relacionados à fragilidade senil, aumentando o risco de institucionalização. LIMITAÇÕES: A maioria dos estudos apresentou limitações moderadas em seu desenho, com direção de viés favorecendo o comparador experimental (grupo intervenção) com risco de viés moderado devido ao não cegamento dos pesquisadores. CONCLUSÕES: A polifarmácia e uso irracional de medicamentos são problemas de saúde pública, pois podem acarretar iatrogenias, principalmente na população idosa. Os estudos analisados evidenciam estratégias custo efetivas para prevenção e abordagem dessas condições.


Reported evidence on the effectiveness of mass media interventions in increasing knowledge and use of family planning in low and middle-income countries: a systematic mixed methods review

December 2019

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97 Reads

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19 Citations

Journal of Global Health

Background: An estimated 200 million women and girls in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) wish to delay, space or avoid becoming pregnant, yet are not using contraceptives. This study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of mass media interventions for increasing knowledge and use of contraceptives, and to identify barriers to program implementation. Methods: Using a mixed-methods systematic approach, we searched five electronic databases using pre-determined search strategies and hand-searching of articles of any study design published from 1994 to 2017 of mass media interventions for family planning education. Two reviewers independently applied clearly defined eligibility criteria to the search results, quality appraisal, data extraction from published reports, and data analysis (using meta-analysis and thematic analysis) following PRISMA guidelines. Results: We identified 59 eligible studies. Although the majority of studies suggest a positive association between media interventions and family planning outcomes, the pooled results are still consistent with possibly null intervention effects. The reported prevalence ratios (PR) for media interventions association with increased contraceptive knowledge range from 0.97 to 1.41, while the PRs for contraceptive use range from 0.54 to 3.23. The qualitative analysis indicates that there are barriers to contraceptive uptake at the level of individual knowledge (including demographic factors and preconceived notions), access (including issues relating to mobility and financing), and programming (including lack of participatory approaches). Conclusions: There is a need for rigorous impact evaluation, including randomised controlled trials, of mass media interventions on knowledge and uptake of family planning in LMIC settings. Interventions should be better tailored to cultural and socio-demographic characteristics of the target populations, while access to resources should continue to remain a priority and be improved, where possible.

Citations (1)


... Exposure to family planning through media (radio, television and newspapers) has been reported to significantly reduce inequality in current use of modern contraception in many low-and middle-income countries [16-18, 61, 62]. Media has further been known to increase uptake of modern contraception [73,74]. Surprisingly, our study does not support that finding. ...

Reference:

Inequality in modern contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception among women of reproductive age in Zambia. A trend and decomposition analysis 2007–2018
Reported evidence on the effectiveness of mass media interventions in increasing knowledge and use of family planning in low and middle-income countries: a systematic mixed methods review

Journal of Global Health