December 2024
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Publications (859)
December 2024
December 2024
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2 Reads
September 2024
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117 Reads
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3 Citations
Recent work has identified fearlessness about suicide, rather than fearlessness about death, as more theoretically relevant in the assessment of capability for suicide and thus a more appropriate construct of measurement. The aim of the current project was to develop and validate a scale specifically assessing fearlessness about suicide. Across two studies, support for a 7-item, single-factor structure of the Fearlessness About Suicide Scale (FSS) emerged. The FSS factor structure demonstrated a good fit in the first study and was replicated in the second study. Measurement invariance was examined across those identifying as men and women and found to be comparable. The FSS also demonstrated test–rest reliability and good convergent and divergent validity in community and undergraduate samples. Overall, findings indicate that the FSS has a replicable factor structure that generalizes across those identifying as men and women and may better assess components of capability for suicide than existing scales.
July 2024
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9 Reads
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1 Citation
Journal of Affective Disorders
July 2024
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91 Reads
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1 Citation
In the frame of the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide (IPTS), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15) assesses thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB), related to suicidal ideation (SI); Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale–Fearlessness About Death (ACSS-FAD) measures this component which contributes to lethal self-harm. The objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of INQ-15 and ACSS-FAD in a population of Italian university students. Since the Italian INQ-15 was already validated, we translated ACSS-FAD through a multistage procedure and administered both to 1,665 Italian university students. Factor analysis confirmed a two-factor-related model of INQ-15, one factor of ACSS-FAD, and good reliability for both. We proved the association between INQ-15 and current SI and between ACSS-FAD and lifetime suicidal planning and/or suicide attempt. The convergent and discriminant validities were in line with those of previous studies. Both tools are valid and reliable to assess the constructs associated with suicide outcomes according to IPTS.
June 2024
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28 Reads
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1 Citation
Stigma and Health
Stigmatizing beliefs may increase the risk of suicidal ideation (SI), yet few studies have explored the relationship between mental health-related stigma and SI. Existing work on this topic has largely been conducted cross-sectionally and/or focused on populations without SI. This investigation examined the associations between mental health stigma and SI cross-sectionally and longitudinally using two methodological approaches in two U.S.-based undergraduate samples (N = 286; N = 237), with one selectively recruiting individuals with recent SI. We conducted regression analyses to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the type of stigma (i.e., perceived stigma, barriers to seeking care, suicide stigma, and help-seeking self-stigma) and SI. We also conducted random-intercept cross-lagged panel models adjusting for unmeasured, stable confounders that vary across people to approximate quasi-explanatory associations. This approach allowed us to determine what stigma was associated with SI, examine whether these associations differed by SI severity, and dissociate within- from between-person variability. Regression analyses indicated that (a) perceived stigma, barriers to care, and help-seeking self-stigma were associated cross-sectionally with SI in both samples and (b) beliefs glorifying/normalizing suicide were associated cross-sectionally and longitudinally with SI only among those with recent SI. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models only found a quasi-explanatory association between stigma (i.e., perceived stigma, stigmatizing beliefs of suicide, beliefs that suicide is related to depression and isolation, and help-seeking self-stigma) and SI for the recent SI sample. These contrasting results highlight the importance of considering which type of stigma matters for whom when developing SI interventions.
May 2024
Gastroenterology
May 2024
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35 Reads
Behaviour Research and Therapy
April 2024
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13 Reads
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1 Citation
Traumatology
Veterans are significantly more likely to experience suicidality than the general population. A substantial amount of research has centered on risk factors of suicidality among veterans, identifying associations between Military-relevant risk factors including traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and combat exposure with suicidality. Likewise, loneliness has been shown to be a strong correlate of suicidality. Among these constructs, loneliness is proposed by multiple recent theories of suicide to contribute to the development of suicidality. Thus, in the present study, we investigate the link between these three variables (i.e., TBI, combat exposure, and loneliness) with suicidality. We then investigate the mediating role of loneliness between TBI and combat exposure with suicidality. Using cross-sectional data from 1,469 veterans recruited in the Military Health and Well-Being Project, we conducted linear regression analyses and mediational models. Findings indicated that loneliness (β = .32) was most closely associated with the outcome variable (suicidality) compared to combat exposure (β = .11) and TBI (β = .12). Further, loneliness partially mediated the link between all other variables with suicidality at p < .001. These findings underscore the importance of loneliness in the experience of suicidality among veterans and indicate that cross-sectional effects between military-relevant risk factors including TBI and combat exposure with suicidality are driven through loneliness. Within the relationships between TBI and suicidality as well as combat exposure and suicidality, loneliness plays an integral role, channeling the effects of the independent variables.
Citations (74)
... Clearly, this first text by Jamieson sets the stage for a second book to further address the above issues. Given the increasing recognition of the link between moral injury and suicide (Bryan et al., 2018;Jamieson et al., 2023;Khan, Griffin, & Maguen, 2023;Schafer, Melia, & Joiner, 2024) and the fact that the ADF has now started to address moral injury through its chaplaincy "moral injury skills training" (MIST; see Carey et al., 2023Carey et al., , 2024, we very much look forward to a second text by Jamieson exploring the longer term outcomes of those she has interviewed and the resources or programmes they have engaged with, if any, to assist with their moral injury. ...
- Citing Article
July 2024
Journal of Affective Disorders
... However, this is even more complex, as another SEM study of college students in the United States found that family communication had a significant impact on perceived mental health (Shon & Lee, 2024), which placed a special emphasis on other areas such as the family, which would be interesting to include in future studies on holistic wellbeing in the university context, while another study in the same context warns about the dangers of stigmatizing beliefs on mental health and suicidal ideation (O'Reilly et al., 2024). Therefore, future studies on mental health must be increasingly holistic, addressing different dimensions of the subject (individual, group, institutional, social). ...
- Citing Article
- Publisher preview available
June 2024
Stigma and Health
... Among veterans, loneliness has been identified as one of the strongest predictors of suicide attempts (Nichter, Stein, et al., 2022), regardless of gender. In addition to suicidality, loneliness is associated with poorer perceived quality of life, physical health, and psychosocial functioning among veterans (Schafer, Campione, & Joiner, 2024;Schafer, Wilson-Lemoine, & Joiner, 2024). Conversely, social connectedness and support are protective factors for health and well-being, including reduced suicidal ideation and behaviors among veterans (Mavandadi et al., 2019). ...
- Citing Article
- Publisher preview available
April 2024
Traumatology
... Among veterans, loneliness has been identified as one of the strongest predictors of suicide attempts (Nichter, Stein, et al., 2022), regardless of gender. In addition to suicidality, loneliness is associated with poorer perceived quality of life, physical health, and psychosocial functioning among veterans (Schafer, Campione, & Joiner, 2024;Schafer, Wilson-Lemoine, & Joiner, 2024). Conversely, social connectedness and support are protective factors for health and well-being, including reduced suicidal ideation and behaviors among veterans (Mavandadi et al., 2019). ...
- Citing Article
March 2024
The Journal of nervous and mental disease
... A study in Australia identi ed antenatal depression, antenatal anxiety, major life events, low social support, and a history of depression as signi cant predictors of postnatal depression, with antenatal depression and anxiety being among the strongest predictors (Milgrom et al., 2008). Additionally, antenatal anxiety has been linked to postpartum suicidal ideation (SI), a precursor to suicide attempts among new mothers (Schafer et al., 2024). This association highlights the critical need to address prenatal anxiety to prevent severe postpartum mental health complications. ...
- Citing Article
March 2024
Anxiety, Stress, and Coping
... influencing a veteran's predisposition toward suicidality, such as hyperarousal, affective instability, and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. [46][47][48] Our study, in contrast, controlled for known psychiatric mediators of suicidality, and the association was not lost, likely due to our large patient population. An early study by Klonoff and colleagues found that almost half (42.9%) of 14 patients with TBI with suicidal ideation acquired their head injury through impulsive behavior, highlighting a tendency toward impulsivity before a TBI in patients who progress to develop suicidality. ...
- Citing Article
- Publisher preview available
March 2024
Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy
... If an index of suicidal ideation is reliable and valid, its test-retest reliability over the course of weeks should be in the range of approximately 0.40 to 0.60, and when it is, the conclusion should not be low reliability but rather "as expected" and further to its overall construct validity If there is a choice between a one-and a multi-item index of suicidality, there is clear reason to use a multiple-item index, such as the Depressive Symptom Index-Suicidality Subscale (a 4-item measure of suicidal ideation). One of a number of benefits to such a choice (Batterham et al. 2015) is that a recent study found robust evidence of the DSI-SS's invariance across a number of minoritized identities, including groups based on race, ethnicity, and sexual identity (Jeon et al. 2024). Future, similar work involving the BDI-2 Item 9 suicidality index is needed. ...
- Citing Article
- Publisher preview available
February 2024
Psychological Assessment
... Finally, presentation of negative stimuli was measured as perceived Dehumanization. This variable is a validated measure of perceived dehumanization (Robison et al., 2024) and was measured as a latent construct in our models. Respondents were asked how much they agreed or disagreed with the following statements: "Most correctional officers view inmates as just numbers," "Most correctional officers think inmates are stupid," and "Most correctional officers treat inmates like they're animals." ...
- Citing Article
February 2024
Journal of Clinical Psychology
... Veterans may experience loneliness in a particularly deleterious way. Two previous studies, also using data from the Military Health and Well-Being Project, found that loneliness in veterans was associated with widespread reduction in quality of life (e.g., physical, emotional, interpersonal) and an increase in the strength of the relationship between probable problematic substance use and suicidality (Schafer et al., in press;Schafer et al., 2024). Further, a systematic review of articles investigating loneliness in veterans (Wilson et al., 2018) found that (a) veterans have an elevated prevalence of loneliness, (b) they experience loneliness and social isolation as a result of some of their military-related experiences (e.g., combat exposure, moral injury, separation from family during deployment, separation from the military at the end of their career, etc.), (c) loneliness is associated with a reduction in the quality of their mental health, and (d) veterans could be helped particularly by receiving interventions intended to reduce loneliness and social isolation. ...
- Citing Article
January 2024
Military Psychology
... Unfortunately, the features that characterize and distinguish various manifestations of suicidal states (i.e., states with some degree of suicidal ideation) versus nonsuicidal states (i.e., states without suicidal ideation) are not well understood, hampering efforts to intervene and reduce suicide risk in the moment. Because of this, researchers have increasingly called for more studies focused on suicidal states in real-world contexts (Gee et al., 2020;Jobes & Joiner, 2019;Jobes et al., 2024;Kivelä et al., 2022;Sedano-Capdevila et al., 2021). ...
- Citing Article
January 2024
