Thomas Carnahan’s research while affiliated with Western Kentucky University and other places

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Publications (3)

A Situation's First Powers Are Attracting Volunteers and Selecting Participants: A Reply to Haney and Zimbardo (2009)
  • Article

May 2009

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153 Reads

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13 Citations

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

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Thomas Carnahan

This reply addresses three issues raised by C. Haney and G. Zimbardo (2009) in their critique of T. Carnahan and S. McFarland (2007). First, it clarifies Carnahan and McFarland's appreciation of the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) but suggests that as a model for the power of situations, the SPE does not adequately consider self-selection and selection by others, both based in part in personal dispositions. Second, it comments briefly on Haney and Zimbardo's critique of Carnahan and McFarland's study and of its applicability to the SPE. Finally, it illustrates the importance of selection and self-selection for situations of torture and suggests their importance for many situations.

Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: Could Participant Self-Selection Have Led to the Cruelty?

June 2007

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1,902 Reads

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156 Citations

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Thomas Carnahan

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The authors investigated whether students who selectively volunteer for a study of prison life possess dispositions associated with behaving abusively. Students were recruited for a psychological study of prison life using a virtually identical newspaper ad as used in the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE; Haney, Banks & Zimbardo, 1973) or for a psychological study, an identical ad minus the words of prison life. Volunteers for the prison study scored significantly higher on measures of the abuse-related dispositions of aggressiveness, authoritarianism, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and social dominance and lower on empathy and altruism, two qualities inversely related to aggressive abuse. Although implications for the SPE remain a matter of conjecture, an interpretation in terms of person-situation interactionism rather than a strict situationist account is indicated by these findings. Implications for interpreting the abusiveness of American military guards at Abu Ghraib Prison also are discussed.

Citations (3)

... Even the most extreme of these studies, Zimbardo's prison experiment, has been called into question for overlooking the individual differences that characterized participants who would agree to participate in such a study in the first place. A more recent study examined the personality characteristics of people who responded to an ad like the one placed to recruit participants for the original Stanford prison experiment (Carnahan & McFarland, 2007). There were two versions of the ad: One that replicated the wording of the original ad for " male college students needed for a psychological study of prison life, " and one that had all of the same information, but excluded the words " of prison life. ...

Reference:

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN INFLUENCEABILITY AND ANTI-INFLUENCEABILITY
Erratum: Revisiting the stanford prison experiment: Could participant self-selection have led to the cruelty? (Personality and Social Psychology (2007) 33:5 (603-614))
  • Citing Article

  • June 2007

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

T. Carnahan

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... Zimbardo'nun Stanford Hapishane Deneyi'nden elde edilen sonuçları destekleyen birçok çalışma bulunsa da elde edilen sonuçları eleştiren çalışmalar da bulunmaktadır (Haslam & Reicher, 2006;Haney & Zimbardo, 2009;McFarland & Carnahan, 2009;Bartels, Milovich & Moussier, 2016). Bartels, Milovich & Moussier (2016: 137) Eleştirmenler, katılımcıların çok kısa bir süre içinde gerçek dünyadan kopabildikleri ve yaratılan sahte hapishanede gardiyan ve mahkûm rollerine uyum sağlayabildikleri fikrini sorgulamışlardır. ...

Reference:

ZIMBARDO’NUN STANFORD HAPİSHANE DENEYİ MINARD’IN POCAHONTAS KÖMÜR MADENİ ARAŞTIRMASI
A Situation's First Powers Are Attracting Volunteers and Selecting Participants: A Reply to Haney and Zimbardo (2009)
  • Citing Article

  • May 2009

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

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Thomas Carnahan

... One notable exception to limited transgression experiments is the infamous Stanford Prison Experiment, which unexpectedly descended into serious abuse of one group of students (the prisoners) by another (the prison guards) (Zimbardo et al., 1972). However, this experiment was terminated prematurely to avoid further excesses and there are indications that it may have suffered from serious methodological issues (Bartels, 2019;Carnahan & McFarland, 2007). Regardless of its methodological rigour, however, the experiment does support the notion that perpetrators of communal transgressions fall into roughly three categories: those who refuse to actively participate, those who participate reluctantly and those who participate eagerly (Zimbardo et al., 1972). ...

Reference:

On Communal Transgressive Behaviour; A Moral Dilemma Variation on the Classic Asch Paradigm
Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: Could Participant Self-Selection Have Led to the Cruelty?
  • Citing Article

  • June 2007

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Thomas Carnahan

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