Thierry Talou’s research while affiliated with Laboratory of Agro-Industrial Chemistry and other places

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Publications (22)


Previous catalytic hydrogenation methods used for squalane production.
Ingredients of formulations A-C based on oil and squalane from amaranth seeds.
Amaranth Oilseed Composition and Cosmetic Applications
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July 2022

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524 Reads

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10 Citations

Separations

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Martine Urrutigoïty

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Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) is a possible alternative to high-nutritional-value crops. Amaranth seeds are considered to be one of the few sources of phytosqualene (up to 8%). The use of squalene and its hydrogenated form squalane in skincare formulations has been steadily increasing, and the demand for these compounds is expected to rise continuously. The aim of this study was to investigate the amaranth oilseed as a potential ingredient for cosmetic applications. First, an experimental design and optimization were carried out in order to obtain amaranth oil rich in squalane instead of squalene through catalytic hydrogenation. Under the optimal conditions, the resulting oil was fully hydrogenated, with higher stability, and more suitable for cosmetic uses. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of amaranth oil and squalane on the rheological and sensory characteristics of moisturizing cream formulations was assessed. As expected, higher contents of oil and polyunsaturated fatty acids were obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction, and were used for the next step of the experiment. Optimization of the experimental conditions resulted in fully hydrogenated amaranth oil, with higher stability and rich in squalane. Better quality of moisturizing cream formulations was achieved when W/O formulations were enriched with 2% oil, or by adding 1% oil and 1% squalane. The formulation rich in squalane showed a better overall quality compared to other formulations.

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African Gene Flow Reduces Beta-Ionone Anosmia/Hyposmia Prevalence in Admixed Malagasy Populations

October 2021

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138 Reads

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1 Citation

Brain Sciences

While recent advances in genetics make it possible to follow the genetic exchanges between populations and their phenotypic consequences, the impact of the genetic exchanges on the sensory perception of populations has yet to be explored. From this perspective, the present study investigated the consequences of African gene flow on odor perception in a Malagasy population with a predominantly East Asian genetic background. To this end, we combined psychophysical tests with genotype data of 235 individuals who were asked to smell the odorant molecule beta-ionone (βI). Results showed that in this population the ancestry of the OR5A1 gene significantly influences the ability to detect βI. At the individual level, African ancestry significantly protects against specific anosmia/hyposmia due to the higher frequency of the functional gene (OR ratios = 14, CI: 1.8–110, p-value = 0.012). At the population level, African introgression decreased the prevalence of specific anosmia/hyposmia to this odorous compound. Taken together, these findings validate the conjecture that in addition to cultural exchanges, genetic transfer may also influence the sensory perception of the population in contact.


Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the fractionation process of the amaranth stems into bark and pith fractions, and building materials obtained from these fractions.
Figure 2. (a) Photograph of the amaranth stem (cross section); (b) Photograph of the optimal insulation block from the BP pith fraction; (c) Photograph of the optimal hardboard (HB6) from extrusion-refined bark.
Chemical composition of pith and bark from amaranth stem (% of the dry matter).
Low-Density Insulation Blocks and Hardboards from Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Stems, a New Perspective for Building Applications

March 2021

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290 Reads

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9 Citations

Coatings

Nowadays, amaranth appears as a promising source of squalene of vegetable origin. Amaranth oil is indeed one of the most concentrated vegetable oils in squalene, i.e., up to 6% (w/w). This triterpene is highly appreciated in cosmetology, especially for the formulation of moisturizing creams. It is almost exclusively extracted from the liver of sharks, causing their overfishing. Thus, providing a squalene of renewable origin is a major challenge for the cosmetic industry. The amaranth plant has thus experienced renewed interest in recent years. In addition to the seeds, a stem is also produced during cultivation. Representing up to 80% (w/w) of the plant aerial part, it is composed of a ligneous fraction, the bark, on its periphery, and a pith in its middle. In this study, a fractionation process was developed to separate bark and pith. These two fractions were then used to produce renewable materials for building applications. On the one hand, the bark was used to produce hardboards, with the deoiled seeds acting as natural binder. Such boards are a viable alternative to commercial wood-based panels. On the other hand, the pith was transformed into cohesive and machinable low-density insulation blocks revealing a low thermal conductivity value.


Figure 1. Flexural strength at rupture (σf) of the insulation blocks, represented as a function of their density (open diamond for the insulation block made from the milled straw)
Operating conditions used for molding the insulation blocks
Apparent density and tapped density, and thermal properties of the bulk materials
Innovative Insulating Materials from Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Straw for Building Applications

June 2020

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168 Reads

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3 Citations

Journal of Agricultural Studies

Straw represents 60-80% of the aerial part of the coriander plant. Because of the increasing demand for vegetable oil from fruits for food, cosmetics or the chemical industry, the availability of straw will grow strongly in the future. Its high lignocellulose content (62%) makes this crop by-product an interesting raw material for producing bio-based building materials. Bulk materials can be obtained by refining the straw through twin-screw extrusion in the presence of water. The fiber aspect ratio of refined straw can be varied (22.9-26.5) by applying different liquid/solid ratios (0.4-1.0), leading to a variation in the tapped density of the resulting bulk material (110-61 kg/m3). For the lowest density, thermal conductivity is 47.3 mW/(m.K). Twin-screw refining can also be conducted from an aqueous borax solution. Refined straw thus becomes fire-proofed, making it usable as loose fill in housing. Insulation blocks of medium density, associating straw and a starch-based binder, can also be produced through compression molding. With a density of 155 kg/m3 and a thermal conductivity of 55.6 mW/(m.K), the optimal cohesive blocks (7.5 mm milled straw and 15% binder), cold-pressed at 87 kPa for 30 s, are promising alternatives for the thermal insulation of buildings (e.g., filling of walls, interior partitions, etc.).



Fatty acid composition and oil content during coriander fruit development

May 2020

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86 Reads

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32 Citations

Food Chemistry

Coriander contains petroselinic acid, an isomer fatty acid of oleic acid. Coriander seed oil has been proposed as novel food ingredient in the European Union. Field experiments were performed at Auch (France) during two seasons (2010 and 2011). From flowering to maturity, fruits were harvested weekly and oil content and fatty acid (FA) compositions were determined. Fruits presented 2% more oil in 2010 than in 2011. Petroselinic acid (PA) contents was higher in 2011 than in 2010. Oil accumulation began earlier after flowering (2 DAF) in 2011. A first step in accumulation was identified between two and 21 DAF characterized by high SFA and PUFA, which decreased 21 DAF. Subsequently, PA increased to its highest concentration (30-55 DAF) and SFA and PUFA reached their lowest. These results suggest that higher concentrations of PA can be achieved by collecting fruits before full maturity.


Specific emission rates measured at day 1, day 2, day 3, and day 28 for the three tested materials (23 ± 1 °C and 50 ± 1% RH): a MDF, b CH, and c COR
Impact of temperature on the specific emission rates for the three tested materials (day 1, 50 ± 1% RH): a MDF, b CH, and c COR
Evolution of specific emission rates as a function of material temperature and material type for three volatile organic compounds: a acetaldehyde, b formaldehyde, and c linalool
VOC and carbonyl compound emissions of a fiberboard resulting from a coriander biorefinery: comparison with two commercial wood-based building materials

May 2020

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229 Reads

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38 Citations

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Indoor air quality is a major public health issue. It is related to the choice of construction materials and associated with VOC emissions. Two wood-based commercial panels were tested: a Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) and a chipboard (CH), and they were compared to a material produced from a coriander biorefinery (COR). Indicators chosen to compare the materials were physical properties (density, bending properties, surface hardness, thickness swelling and water absorption) and VOC emissions. Emissions were evaluated in an environmental chamber at 23°C, 31°C and 36°C, and during 28 days. Carbonyl emissions on Day 1 at 23°C were 74, 146 and 35 µg m-2 h-1, respectively, for MDF, CH and COR. Terpenic emissions were 12, 185 and 37 µg m-2 h-1, respectively. Higher temperature resulted in higher emissions which decreased over time, except for formaldehyde. VOC emissions depended largely on material and temperature. Formaldehyde emission was 300 to 600 times lower for coriander boards (< 0.2 µg m-2 h-1), making them significantly more environmentally friendly materials in comparison with MDF and chipboard. These results highlight the interest of coriander by-products as raw materials for producing fiberboards with low impact on indoor air quality.


Phenol Content and Antioxidant and Antiaging Activity of Safflower Seed Oil (Carthamus Tinctorius L.)

September 2019

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748 Reads

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59 Citations

Cosmetics

The phenol content of vegetable oil and its antioxidant activity are of primary interest for human health. Oilseed species are considered important sources of these compounds with medicinal effects on a large scale. Total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of safflower oil were previously studied. Nevertheless, there is no report on genotypic differences and antiaging activity of safflower oil. The aim of this study was to determine the TPC, diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and antiaging activity on three respective accessions from Syria, France, and Algeria of seed oil of safflower grown under semi-arid conditions during 3 consecutive years (2015, 2016, and 2017). The results showed that phenol content as well as antioxidant and antiaging activity varied according to both genotype and years. In 2017, the mean value of TPC in oil seed was two times higher than in 2015 and 2016. Moreover, accessions presented different TPC values depending on the year. The highest antioxidant activity was observed among accessions in 2017 compared to 2015 and 2016. As expected, a positive correlation was found between TPC and antioxidant activity. The inhibition in the collagenase assay was between 47% and 72.1% compared to the positive control (83.1%), while inhibition in the elastase assay of TPC ranged from 32.2% to 70.3%, with the positive control being 75.8%. These results highlight the interest of safflower oil as a source of phenols with valuable antioxidant and antiaging activity, and uses for cosmetics.


Deciphering the phylogeny of violets based on multiplexed genetic and metabolomic approaches

April 2019

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209 Reads

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15 Citations

Phytochemistry

Molecular phylogenetics based on nucleotide sequence comparisons has profoundly influenced plant taxonomy. A comprehensive chemotaxonomical approach based on GC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS profiling was evaluated for its ability to characterize a large collection of plants all in the violet family Violaceae (n = 111) and thus decipher the taxonomy. A thorough identification of violets is challenging due to their natural hybridization and phenotypic variability. Phylogenetic inference performed on ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences using maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining distance methods allowed the clear identification of 58% of the collection. Metabolomic approaches with multivariate data analysis were performed on SPME/GC-MS chromatograms of volatile compounds emitted by fresh mature flowers and on UHPLC-HRMS/MS leaf extracts for non-volatile compounds. Interestingly, molecular and biochemical approaches provided separate classifications while highlighting several common clusters. The profiling of secondary metabolites was proved most suitable for the classification of hundreds of extracts. The combination of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic approaches, allowed the classification of 96% of the entire collection. A correlation network revealed specific chemotaxonomic biomarkers, in particular flavonoids, coumarins and cyclotides. Overall, our pioneering approach could be useful to solve misclassification issues within collections of close plant species.


Evaluation of Nutritional and Technological Attributes of Whole Wheat Based Bread Fortified with Chia Flour

August 2018

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887 Reads

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48 Citations

Foods

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of wheat bread fortification with varied levels (2%, 4%, and 6%) of chia seed powder (full fat) and cakes (defatted, residue after oil extraction). Chia flour was added to whole wheat bread rich in vital wheat gluten for the first time. The breadcrumbs were assessed for their antioxidant activity, nutritional content, textural properties, color, and sensory profiles. The addition of chia seed powder, particularly in high levels, was more effective in improving antioxidant activity compared to bread fortified with chia cakes. Bread supplementation with chia flour improves its nutritional value, especially in the case of chia cakes. A higher moisture content and lower hardness were observed after bread fortification, the influence was more evident with the defatted cake than with seed powder. Fortification with chia flour led to darker breads without significantly affecting their global acceptability. However, the fortified bread showed better values than control in terms of sensory profile. These results suggest that the addition of chia seed powder and defatted cake can enhance the overall whole wheat bread quality. Our results also highlight that bread making could be an unconventional alternative for the exploitation of defatted chia seed.


Citations (17)


... SCFE utilizes fluids with gas-like diffusivity and liquid-like solvation power, making them capable of penetrating solid materials. CO2 is commonly employed as a solvent in SCFE due to its non-toxic, non-flammable nature and ease of removal [17]. SCFE has been particularly effective in extracting squalene, yielding highpurity extracts despite being considered an expensive technology. ...

Reference:

Extraction and Purification of Squalene from Virgin Olive Oil via Catalytic Transesterification and Molecular Distillation
Amaranth Oilseed Composition and Cosmetic Applications

Separations

... Many amaranths demonstrate noticeable ornamental properties (Sauer, 1967). A new trend in amaranth utilization is the use of its lignified leading shoots in the construction business to manufacture various wood-based panels (Evon et al., 2021). ...

Low-Density Insulation Blocks and Hardboards from Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Stems, a New Perspective for Building Applications

Coatings

... Over the past few years, various bio-based boards, such as those made from rice straw [6,7], oleaginous flax shives [8], sunflower [9], coriander [4,10,11], and others [12][13][14] have been 2 successfully manufactured using (thermo)pressing techniques, demonstrating good performance. In particular, recent research has demonstrated the feasibility of using straw from coriander plant and fruit press cake to produce renewable boards with low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions [4,15,16]. ...

Innovative Insulating Materials from Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Straw for Building Applications

Journal of Agricultural Studies

... This distribution has been previously observed in coriander essential oil (87% in coriander from Germany, 75 84% in coriander from Pakistan, 76 and 88% in coriander from France). 77 The particular enantiomer of linalool can have an effect on biological activity. 51,78 Coriander essential oils are often adulterated with either synthetic linalool or with natural linalool from other sources. ...

Biorefinery of coriander seeds cultivated in France

... This composition is influenced by both the cultivars employed and the prevailing climatic conditions throughout the crop cycle [22]. Previous studies have substantiated this dependence [11,17,58,59]. Consequently, exploring the genetic diversity of safflower holds promise for germplasm conservation and utilization strategies, thereby enhancing breeding programs tailored to semi-arid regions to foster sustainable crop production [60,61]. ...

Fatty acid composition and oil content during coriander fruit development
  • Citing Article
  • May 2020

Food Chemistry

... In particular, recent research has demonstrated the feasibility of using straw from the coriander plant and fruit press cake to produce renewable boards with low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions [11]. These boards emerge as viable contenders to traditional wood-based panels, offering affordability, attractive flexural properties, and a straightforward manufacturing process. ...

VOC and carbonyl compound emissions of a fiberboard resulting from a coriander biorefinery: comparison with two commercial wood-based building materials

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

... Numerous studies have identified various compounds in Farfarae Flos, including flavonoids, sterols, phenolic acids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, and other bioactive components. The anti-inflammatory effects of key active monomeric components such as sesquiterpenoids (e.g., Tussilagone), flavonoids (e.g., kaempferol), sterols (e.g., ergosterol and β-sitosterol), and organic acids (e.g., chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid) have been clinically validated Ferrer et al., 2018;Jin et al., 2020;Song et al., 2019;Yang et al., 2020) (Figure 1). ...

Identification and in vitro Activity of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Tussilago farfara (L.) Plant Grown in Lithuania and France

... Days to flowering (DTF) were recorded when 50% of plants in each plot had flowered, while day to maturity (DTM) were recorded when 50% of the plants reached maturity. Seed oil content (OIL) was measured using 10 g of seeds from each genotype in both environments using the Soxhlet method and calibration of NIRS equations for safflower oil content 12,30 . Relative-water content (RWC) for each genotype in both environments was calculated using the following equation 31 : ...

Phenol Content and Antioxidant and Antiaging Activity of Safflower Seed Oil (Carthamus Tinctorius L.)

Cosmetics

... The compound 4-methylanisole was only identified in the headspace of the three Parma violet cultivars and was not detected in the volatile profile of any other violet. This compound was identified by Chervin et al. (2019) in the floral headspace of violets belonging to the V. alba cluster, and its presence allowed for distinction between violets belonging to V. alba and V. suavis M. Bieb. The mostly sterile Parma violets were long thought to originate from V. odorata, given the similarities in their fragrance; however, Parma violets were determined to originate from the V. alba complex and are best included in the Mediterranean subsp. ...

Deciphering the phylogeny of violets based on multiplexed genetic and metabolomic approaches

Phytochemistry

... The chia muffins had increased protein, fiber, polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity, with minimal impact on sensory properties up to a 5% substitution. While chia cake can enhance the nutritional profile of cookies and muffins, higher substitution levels may affect textural and sensory attributes (Sayed-Ahmad et al., 2018;Ewerling et al., 2020;Lucini Mas et al., 2020;Martínez et al., 2021;Aranibar et al., 2019). ...

Evaluation of Nutritional and Technological Attributes of Whole Wheat Based Bread Fortified with Chia Flour

Foods