Terence Yee’s research while affiliated with Villanova University and other places

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Publications (15)


Barriers to decolonizing counseling training: a consensual qualitative research study
  • Article

June 2025

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7 Reads

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Saira Malhotra

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Terence Yee

Decolonising Counsellor Education: Exploring an Emerging Paradigm
  • Article
  • Full-text available

May 2025

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24 Reads

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1 Citation

Counselling and Psychotherapy Research

Background Decolonisation has become an ubiquitous concept applied to myriad disciplines and programmes in academia in the United States. For counsellor educators, the construct is newly emerging, differentially understood, and only marginally acknowledged. Method Through a consensual qualitative research study, we explored the definition and application of decolonisation through 20 in‐depth qualitative interviews with 10 educators who train counsellors. Results Thematic findings related to the defining constructs of decolonising are reported, including the complexities in operationalising the paradigm within participants’ respective training settings. Conclusion Findings suggest that decolonisation in counsellor education involves complex, fluid, and ambiguous definitions. Findings also alluded to how counsellor educators should interrogate the histories of their training, models, and professional standards, especially if they are steeped in colonial histories that enact violence on Indigenous communities. Findings described how counsellor educators can train practising counsellors to invite their clients to reflect on ways that leverage their community, medicines, knowledge, and relationship to land as a vehicle to restore their culture, spirituality, mind‐body connection, and Indigeneity. Related to policy, findings indicated that practising counsellors and counsellor educators dismantle healthcare guidelines underlying common treatment modalities, diagnosis and DSM structures, and insurance reimbursement, which can instigate harm and stigma for historically marginalised and Indigenous communities.

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International Counselor Educators’ Lived Experience Navigating Through the Job Search and Immigration Process

International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling

For international faculty in the USA, the transition from international student to international faculty is one of the primary stressors. Although there have been an increasing number of international counselor educators (ICE), little is known about their experiences navigating through the job search and immigration processes. Understanding this topic could help with the recruitment and retention of diverse faculty who identify as ICE. Utilizing a decolonizing and indigenous research paradigm, 15 counselor educators shared their lived experiences of navigating through the job search and immigration processes. Data analysis revealed two broad themes: obstacle course and international identity. Implications of the results are discussed.


Examining International Students’ Help-Seeking Intentions Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior

October 2022

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98 Reads

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6 Citations

International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling

International students have been found to underutilize counseling centers despite experiencing unique stressors such as homesickness and racism. In this study, the authors examined 183 international students’ help-seeking intentions utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior. Results revealed that help-seeking attitudes (β = 0.29, p < .01) and subjective norms (β = 0.18, p < .05) were statistically significant predictors of help-seeking intentions above and beyond the effects of demographic variables. Implications for counselors and future research are discussed.


Racism in the Playroom: Clinical Errors that Maintain Racism

September 2022

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55 Reads

Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling

The U.S. health service psychology workforce is 88% White and 12% racial and ethnic minorities (American Psychological Association, which is inconsistent with the rapid-changing demographics of children in the U.S. Play therapy, a specialized field within the mental health realm, has been found to lack publications addressing issues of multiculturalism and social justice. In this paper, we aim to address potential racist practices in the playroom and offer anti-racist suggestions for play therapists to consider and reflect on.


Transforming Graduate Play Therapy Instruction to Virtual Learning During COVID-19

July 2022

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20 Reads

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3 Citations

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Terence Yee

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Carly Wolfram

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[...]

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Hadeel Elder

In this article, we introduce the components of graduate play therapy instruction and the impact of COVID-19. Next, we provide examples of how instructors adapted graduate play therapy courses for virtual learning in response to COVID-19. Student feedback and directions for future research are presented.


Examining the help‐seeking intentions of Chinese individuals in the United States

July 2022

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25 Reads

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5 Citations

Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development

The underutilization of mental health services by Chinese individuals in the United States is concerning. In this study, we examined Chinese individuals’ help‐seeking intentions utilizing the theory of planned behavior. Two hundred fifty‐one participants were recruited for this study. The results revealed that help‐seeking attitudes (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), and subjective norms (β = 0.13, p < 0.001) were found to be significant predictors of help‐seeking intentions. The implications of the results are discussed. La infrautilización de los servicios de salud mental por parte de personas chinas en Estados Unidos es preocupante. En este estudio, examinamos las intenciones de personas chinas de buscar ayuda, utilizando la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado. Se reclutó a 251 participantes para este estudio. Los resultados revelaron que las actitudes de búsqueda de ayuda (β = .28, p < .001), el control de comportamiento percibido (β = .21, p < .001) y las normas subjetivas (β = .13, p < .001) fueron predictores significativos de las intenciones de buscar ayuda. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados.


Dimensionality and Reliability of the Intentions to Seeking Counseling Inventory with International Students

July 2021

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134 Reads

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4 Citations

Journal of International Students

To date, the Intentions to Seek Counseling Inventory (ISCI; Cash et al., 1975) is the most widely used instrument used to measure psychological help-seeking intentions. However, the ISCI has yet to be validated with international students. In this study, we examined the dimensionality and reliability of the Intentions to Seek Counseling Inventory by performing exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha reliability analysis, and split-half reliability analysis with a sample of international students (N = 183). We found a two-factor, 15-item assessment that explained 49.92% of the common variance. Our findings provide support for the use of ISCI with international students, albeit with different dimensionality. Implications of the findings for both research and practice are discussed.


Initial path model depicting the mediating effect of self-stigma on help-seeking attitudes. Prev MHU: previous mental health use. * p < .05, ** p < .001. Dotted lines indicate a statistically non-significant relationship
Re-specified path model depicting the mediating effect self-stigma on help-seeking attitudes. Prev MHU: previous mental health use. ** p < .001. Dotted lines indicate a statistically non-significant relationship
Examining the Psychological Help-Seeking Attitudes of Chinese Immigrants in the U.S.

September 2020

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97 Reads

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8 Citations

International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling

Help-seeking attitudes have been found to be a strong predictor for help-seeking intentions and behaviors. Previous research on factors influencing help-seeking attitudes in Chinese individuals has been inconclusive. In this paper, we propose a mediation model to clarify the relationships amongst the variables impacting help-seeking attitudes. Using path analyses, we found that self-stigma mediated the relationship between years of residence and help-seeking attitudes, above and beyond the influence of previous experience with a mental health professional. These results can equip counselors with useful information for better outreach initiatives.


Citations (10)


... The interdisciplinary diffusion of the TPB is evident from recent articles. For example, the year 2022, saw the publication of TPB articles in knowledge-sharing behavior among academics (Hosen et al. 2022), telecardiology usage intention (Jiar et al. 2022), ethical purchase intentions of Generation Z (Djafarova and Foots 2022), microfinance adoption in rural areas (Purwanto et al. 2022), utilization of counseling centers by international students (Yee and Ryan 2022), the intention of the public to avoid products containing microplastics (Borriello et al. 2022), long-term use of hypnotics by insomnia patients , hand hygiene behaviors among hospital nurses (Sin and Rochelle 2022), travel intentions during COVID-19 (Pratiwi et al. 2022), entrepreneurial intentions to establish businesses (Hanage et al. 2022), farmers' land abandonment behavior (Chen 2022), faculty barriers to mentoring freshmen (Huart et al. 2022), service-oriented behavior among employees (Tsai et al. 2022), COVID-19 vaccination intentions (Dou et al. 2022), and hikers' pro-environmental behavior in national parks (Sun et al. 2022). ...

Reference:

Forty years of the theory of planned behavior: a bibliometric analysis (1985–2024)
Examining International Students’ Help-Seeking Intentions Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior

International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling

... One of the characteristics of these adolescents is the lack of sufficient energy and effective ability to perform tasks, which stems from their lack of motivation, commonly referred to as low self-efficacy (Terp et al., 2019). Social Cognitive Theory is based on a triadic causal model involving behavior, environment, and individual factors (Swan et al., 2022), and emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between behavior, environmental effects, and individual factors (cognitive, emotional, and biological), which relates to an individual's perception of psychological functions (Steca et al., 2014). Humans possess a selfregulation system and self-regulatory strength (Kim & Jang, 2020), which enables them to control their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, playing a decisive role in shaping their destiny (Foster et al., 2014). ...

Transforming Graduate Play Therapy Instruction to Virtual Learning During COVID-19

... Research has shown that in collectivist cultures like China, where maintaining social harmony is crucial, family expectations and peer pressures can heavily influence whether students seek help or remain silent (Cao et al. 2021;Jeng, 2024). The TPB allows researchers to analyze how these social pressures affect students' perceptions of the acceptability of seeking help (Naumova, 2022;Yee and Ceballos, 2023). Finally, the TPB highlights the role of perceived behavioral control, which refers to students' confidence in their ability to seek and effectively use academic help. ...

Examining the help‐seeking intentions of Chinese individuals in the United States
  • Citing Article
  • July 2022

Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development

... Results of this study provide crucial insights into the lifestyles of minority international students that constitute self-care. Mental health professionals should encourage daily habits that give structure and help students function effectively (Yee & Smith, 2022). Findings of this study can help in designing interventions for minority students by asking students about daily habits and designing interventions considering self-care habits (Volkova, & Kolesov, 2022). ...

Dimensionality and Reliability of the Intentions to Seeking Counseling Inventory with International Students
  • Citing Article
  • July 2021

Journal of International Students

... Fourteen studies used quantitative designs, of which 12 were cross-sectional [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] and two were experimental [71,72]. Three studies used qualitative designs [73][74][75] and two studies used a mixed-methods design [76,77]. ...

Examining the Psychological Help-Seeking Attitudes of Chinese Immigrants in the U.S.

International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling

... When assessing the research topics, we found significantly more quantitative studies than qualitative studies exploring IM's mental health status, needs, and characteristics. Of the articles that explored those topics, the published researchers utilized survey designs to explore IMs' mental health status (e.g., Brown et al., 2010), mental health needs (e.g., Chung & Bemak, 2002), self-critical perfectionism (e.g., Roysircar et al., 2024), associated factors related to quality of life ( e.g., Belizaire & Fuertes, 2011;Lee et al., 2019)coping, acculturative stress, and quality of life (QOL, help-seeking attitudes ( e.g., Bismar & Wang, 2021;Yee et al., 2020), and drug and alcohol abuse (e.g., Dillon et al., 2012)it is critical for counselors to understand pre-and postimmigration social contextual factors affecting the mental health of this heterogeneous ethnic population. The objective of our cross-sectional, retrospective study was to investigate the potential protective influence of preimmigration family cohesion on drug/alcohol abuse just prior to migration among 527 Latino young adults (age 18-34 years. ...

Help‐Seeking Attitudes of Chinese Americans and Chinese Immigrants in the United States: The Mediating Role of Self‐Stigma
  • Citing Article
  • January 2020

Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development

... CCPT has the longest history and is the most researched theoretical orientation of play therapy, with a wealth of outcome research supporting its effectiveness (Yee et al., 2019). Research, including multiple meta-analytic studies, supports the efficacy of CCPT for positive emotional and behavioral outcomes (Bratton et al., 2005;Leung, 2015;Lin & Bratton, 2015). ...

Examining the Trends of Play Therapy Articles: A 10-Year Content Analysis

... Counselors are expected to be professional in providing counseling services and possess good competencies or skills (Hatton et al., 2023;Havlik et al., 2019;Maor & Hemi, 2021). Counselors should have knowledge based on scientific theory and the ability to implement it according to the needs of the client (Grzanka et al., 2019). ...

School Counselor Training in Professional Advocacy: The Role of the Counselor Educator
  • Citing Article
  • March 2019

Journal of Counselor Leadership and Advocacy

... Existing supervision models (e.g., McKinley, 2019;Yee, 2018;Zhou et al., 2020) have provided meaningful contributions by focusing on international trainees' levels of cultural perspectives and contextual backgrounds. Broadly, McKinley (2019) incorporated the multicultural supervision competence model (Ancis & Marshall, 2010) to discuss ways to meet the unique supervision needs of international supervisees. ...

Supervising East Asian international students:Incorporating culturally responsive supervision into the Integrated Developmental Model
  • Citing Article
  • April 2018

The Clinical Supervisor

... "Guan refers to caring and monitoring and the teaching and training of children to engage in appropriate behaviors, with an emphasis on self-discipline and hard work" (Gao et al., 2015, p. 464). Yee (2016) explained that Chinese parents use strict limits and discipline to protect children from adult corruption. ...

Filial Therapy: Cultural Considerations for Chinese Parents