Tatyana V. Erst’s research while affiliated with Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences and other places

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Publications (9)


Figure 3. The extracts' DPPH radical-scavenging activities. IC50: a concentration of an antioxidant that induces a 50% DPPH loss in the assay of DPPH radical-scavenging activity. 1: Surkhseb variety, fresh apples (mg/mL); 2: Kosimsarkori variety, fresh apples (mg/mL); 3: Surkhseb variety after storage (mg/mL); 4: Kosimsarkori variety after storage (mg/mL); AA: ascorbic acid (IC50, µg/mL); T: Trolox (IC50, µg/mL). Dissimilar lowercase letters denote significant differences in a parameter according to the Tukey HSD test (p ≤ 0.05).
Comparative Analyses of Biologically Active Substances and Antioxidant Activity in Fresh and Stored Fruits of Apple Varieties from the Republic of Tajikistan
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November 2024

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58 Reads

Agronomy

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Mathew T. Sharples

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Our purpose was to carry out a comparative phytochemical analysis of fruits (both fresh and stored for 1 month) of two local apple varieties of the Republic of Tajikistan. Assays were carried out to quantify total phenolic compounds, flavonols, catechins, tannins, phenolcarboxylic acids, pectins, and protopectins by UV spectrometry and ascorbic acid by titration. The profile and levels of phenolic compounds were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antiradical activity was quantitated by means of free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). In fresh fruits, total levels of tannins (19 mg/g) and phenolcarboxylic acids (15 mg/g) (including chlorogenic acid: 451 μg/g) and of a flavonol (quercetin: 26 μg/g) and two catechins [epigallocatechin (173 μg/g) and L-epicatechin (50 µg/g)] were shown to be higher in the Surkhseb apple variety than in the Kosimsarkori variety. The antioxidant activity of water–ethanol extracts from Surkhseb apples (20 mg/mL) was also higher in comparison with Kosimsarkori apples. In the latter, concentrations of other detected biologically active substances, such as flavonols (0.78 mg/g), ascorbic acid (65 mg/100 g), and pectins (37 mg/g), were found to be higher, suggesting that the fruits of this apple variety have biological effects other than antioxidant, potentially anti-inflammatory, or antidiabetic. Further phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Kosimsarkori fruits may identify these other potential biological effects that may be useful in the prevention of disease. Fruits of the analyzed apple varieties should preferably be consumed fresh because after the apples were stored in the refrigerator for 1 month, indicators of antioxidant activity (22 mg/g in Surkhseb apples) and levels of almost all biologically active substances (tota) levels of tannins (14 mg/g), phenolcarboxylic acids (9 mg/g) (including chlorogenic acid: 250 μg/g) and catechin L-epicatechin (30 µg/g) in Surkhseb apples decreased. This study highlights the importance of conserving local, unique varieties of major worldwide crop plants because they may unearth novel combinations of compounds beneficial to humanity.

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The synergy of abiotic and biotic factors correlated with diversification of Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae) in the Cenozoic

June 2023

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92 Reads

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5 Citations

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

Rapid diversification of a group is often associated with exploiting an ecological opportunity and/or the evolution of a key innovation. However, how the interplay of such abiotic and biotic factors correlates with organismal diversification has been rarely documented in empirical studies, especially for organisms inhabiting drylands. Fumarioideae is the largest subfamily in Papaveraceae and is mainly distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we used one nuclear (ITS) and six plastid (rbcL, atpB, matK, rps16, trnL-F, and trnG) DNA sequences to investigate the spatio-temporal patterns of diversification and potential related factors of this subfamily. We first present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Fumarioideae to date. The results of our integrated molecular dating and biogeographic analyses indicate that the most recent common ancestor of Fumarioideae started to diversify in Asia during the Upper Cretaceous, and then dispersed multiple times out of Asia in the Cenozoic. In particular, we discover two independent dispersal events from Eurasia to East Africa in the late Miocene, suggesting that the Arabian Peninsula might be an important exchange corridor between Eurasia and East Africa in the late Miocene. Within the Fumarioideae, increased speciation rates were detected in two groups, Corydalis and Fumariinae. Corydalis first experienced a burst of diversification in its crown group at ∼42 Ma, and further accelerated diversification from the mid-Miocene onwards. During these two periods, Corydalis had evolved diverse life history types, which could have facilitated the colonization of diverse habitats originating from extensive orogenesis in the Northern Hemisphere as well as Asian interior desertification. Fumariinae underwent a burst of diversification at ∼15 Ma, which temporally coincides with the increasing aridification in central Eurasia, but is markedly posterior to the shifts in habitat (from moist to arid) and in life history (from perennial to annual) and to range expansion from Asia to Europe, suggesting that Fumariinae species may have been pre-adapted to invade European arid habitats by the acquisition of annual life history. Our study provides an empirical case that documents the importance of pre-adaptation on organismal diversification in drylands and highlights the significant roles of the synergy of abiotic and biotic factors in promoting plant diversification.


Description of Desmonostoc caucasicum sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria) using an integrative taxonomic approach

June 2022

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157 Reads

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6 Citations

Phycologia

A new cyanobacterial species of the genus Desmonostoc is described according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The new species Desmonostoc caucasicum sp. nov. is recorded in the mountain meadow subalpine soil from the Greater Caucasus, Russia. The analysis is based on morphological characters, the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, and ITS secondary structure. Desmonostoc caucasicum differs from the other species of the genus in colony morphology, size of vegetative cells and heterocytes, and habitat type. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the new strain displayed 95.3%-97.9% similarities to other species of the genus Desmonostoc. The phylogeny inferred by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference placed D. caucasicum in the Desmonostoc clade, within the Nostocaceae. The novel strain formed an independent lineage within the clade. The D1-D1ʹ, Box-B and V3 helices obtained from the 16S-23S ITS region didn't fit those of any described species of Desmonostoc. Amplification of a fragment of the mcy gene involved in microcystin biosynthesis from D. caucasicum confirmed that it has this genetic determinant. An integrative taxonomic approach, based on morphological, 16S rRNA and mcy genes molecular analyses, ITS secondary structure, along with ecological data, is used to delimit this new species.


Meta-Analysis of Genetic Factors for Potato Starch Phosphorylation

May 2022

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81 Reads

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4 Citations

Agronomy

Starch is one of the most demanded renewable feedstock in the world. The degree of phosphorylation of native potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) starch is a practically important quantitative trait, significantly influencing its physical and chemical properties. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of the population of potato varieties and quantified phosphorus content in potato tuber starch harvested in 2017, 2018, and 2019. With the statistical methods, the most promising varieties for the next generation of breeding were identified for the first time. Genotyping and chemotyping data were utilized for genome-wide associations study (GWAS) in order to reveal genetic factors underlying the trait. GWAS based on a general linear model (GLM) with principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. The approach allowed us to identify two new, and confirm two previously found, significant SNPs on chromosome 5 associated with phosphorus content in starch. A search for the protein products coded in the genome regions carrying the significant SNPs revealed a cluster of genes that code glycoside and protein kinases, thus forming an operon-like structure. The genetic markers can be used for marker-assisted selection or to be considered as potential targets for genome editing to improve the industrially important properties of potato native starch via “intravital modification”.


Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships of Eranthis inferred from the combined plastid and nuclear sequences. Numbers above branches are bootstrap values (BS > 50%) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP > 0.80). Asterisks indicate BS = 100% and PP = 1.0. (a) An early spring Eranthis plant under the deciduous forest. (b) Dehiscent follicles of Eranthis. (c) The map shows sampling locations, detailed sampling information is presented in electronic supplementary material, table S3. Photographs by Andrey S. Erst. (Online version in colour.)
Figure 2. Evolution of Eranthis with associated tectonic events. Timetree is modified from the electronic supplementary material, figure S3, generated in BEAST under the best-fitting clock model, tree prior process and fossil prior distribution. Pie charts show the cumulative probabilities for estimated ancestral ranges obtained under the DIVALIKE model, implemented in BioGeoBEARS. (a) The QTP region experienced the first uplift around 40 Ma and its central area reached an altitude of less than 2.3 km. (b) A second uplift of the QTP region and the resulting adjacent mountain buildings and Asian interior desertification occurred at about 26 Ma. (c) Uplift of the IP region and extrusion of the Anatolia block happened at almost the same time, around 12 Ma. (d ) A second uplift of the IP and MP regions occurred around 6 Ma. The northeast-trending grey area in (d ) shows the interacted zone between the India-Eurasia and Arabia-Eurasia collisions [1]. A series of palaeo-maps were reconstructed from http://www.odsn.de/odsn/index.html (link 'Plate Tectonic Reconstructions'), and tectonic structures are modified from Yin [1]. AB, Anatolia block; AS, Altai Shan; IP, Iranian Plateau; LB, Lunpola basin; LM, Lüliang mountains; LT, Lhasa terrane; MP, Mongolian Plateau; QL, Qinling; QT, Qiangtang terrane; QTP, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; TS, Tian Shan; ZM, Zagros mountains. (Online version in colour.)
Figure 3. Ancestral reconstruction of the mean and boundaries of the 95% elevational range using Mesquite. Box and whisker plot indicates the elevational range of each species. Numbers above the branches are the mean and boundaries of the 95% elevational range (in metres) for ancestral nodes. Branch colours correspond to the four clades presented in figure 1. (Online version in colour.)
Biogeographic diversification of Eranthis (Ranunculaceae) reflects the geological history of the three great Asian plateaus

April 2021

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808 Reads

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21 Citations

The evolutionary history of organisms with poor dispersal abilities usually parallels geological events. Collisions of the Indian and Arabian plates with Eurasia greatly changed Asian topography and affected regional and global climates as well as biotic evolution. However, the geological evolution of Asia related to these two collisions remains debated. Here, we used Eranthis , an angiosperm genus with poor seed dispersal ability and a discontinuous distribution across Eurasia, to shed light on the orogenesis of the Qinghai–Tibetan, Iranian and Mongolian Plateaus. Our phylogenetic analyses show that Eranthis comprises four major geographical clades: east Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau clade (I-1), North Asian clade (I-2), west Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau clade (II-1) and Mediterranean clade (II-2). Our molecular dating and biogeographic analyses indicate that within Eranthis , four vicariance events correlate well with the two early uplifts of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau during the Late Eocene and the Oligocene–Miocene boundary and the two uplifts of the Iranian Plateau during the Middle and Late Miocene. The origin and divergence of the Mongolian Plateau taxa are related to the two uplifts of the Mongolian Plateau during the Middle and Late Miocene. Additionally, our results are in agreement with the hypothesis that the central part of Tibet only reached an altitude of less than 2.3 km at approximately 40 Ma. This study highlights that organismal evolution could be related to the formation of the three great Asian plateaus, hence contributing to the knowledge on the timing of the key tectonic events in Asia.


Significant SNPs associated with preparative yield of starch and morphological traits.
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Genetic loci determining potato starch yield and granule morphology revealed by genome-wide association study (GWAS)

November 2020

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145 Reads

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15 Citations

Background It is well-documented that (bio)chemical reaction capacity of raw potato starch depends on crystallinity, morphology and other chemical and physical properties of starch granules, and these properties are closely related to gene functions. Preparative yield, amylose/amylopectin content, and phosphorylation of potato tuber starch are starch-related traits studied at the genetic level. In this paper, we perform a genome-wide association study using a 22K SNP potato array to identify for the first time genomic regions associated with starch granule morphology and to increase number of known genome loci associated with potato starch yield. Methods A set of 90 potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties from the ICG “GenAgro” collection (Novosibirsk, Russia) was harvested, 90 samples of raw tuber starch were obtained, and DNA samples were isolated from the skin of the tubers. Morphology of potato tuber starch granules was evaluated by optical microscopy and subsequent computer image analysis. A set of 15,214 scorable SNPs was used for the genome-wide analysis. In total, 53 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with potato starch morphology traits (aspect ratio, roundness, circularity, and the first bicomponent) and starch yield-related traits. Results A total of 53 novel SNPs was identified on potato chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 12; these SNPs are associated with tuber starch preparative yield and granule morphology. Eight SNPs are situated close to each other on the chromosome 1 and 19 SNPs—on the chromosome 2, forming two DNA regions—potential QTLs, regulating aspect ratio and roundness of the starch granules. Thirty-seven of 53 SNPs are located in protein-coding regions. There are indications that granule shape may depend on starch phosphorylation processes. The GWD gene, which is known to regulate starch phosphorylation—dephosphorylation, participates in the regulation of a number of morphological traits, rather than one specific trait. Some significant SNPs are associated with membrane and plastid proteins, as well as DNA transcription and binding regulators. Other SNPs are related to low-molecular-weight metabolite synthesis, and may be associated with flavonoid biosynthesis and circadian rhythm-related metabolic processes. The preparative yield of tuber starch is a polygenic trait that is associated with a number of SNPs from various regions and chromosomes in the potato genome.


The use of Specim IQ, a hyperspectral camera, for plant analysis

May 2020

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433 Reads

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13 Citations

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

Remote sensing using hyperspectral cameras is an important technology for non-destructive monitoring of plant pigment composition, which is closely related to their physiological state or infection with pathogens. The paper presents the experience of using Specim IQ, a mobile hyperspectral camera, to study common root rot (the pathogen is the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem.) affecting the seedlings of four wheat varieties and to analyze the pulp of potato tubers of 82 lines and varieties. Spectral characteristics were obtained for seedlings and the most informative spectral features (indices) for root rot detection were determined based on the data obtained. Seedlings of control variants in the visible part of the spectrum show an increase in reflectance with a small peak in the green area (about 550 nm), then a decrease due to light absorption by plant pigments with an extremum at a wavelength of about 680 nm. Analysis of histograms of vegetation index values demonstrated that the TVI and MCARI indices are the most informative for detecting the pathogen on wheat seedlings according to hyperspectral survey data. For potato samples, regions of the spectrum were found that correspond to local maxima and minima of reflection. It was shown that the spectra of potato varieties have the greatest differences within wavelength ranges of 900-1000 nm and 400-450 nm, which in the former case may be associated with the level of water content, and in the latter, with the formation of melanin in the tubers. It was shown that according to the characteristics of the spectrum, the samples studied are divided into three groups, each characterized by increased or reduced intensity levels for the specified parts of the spectrum. In addition, minima in the reflection spectra corresponding to chlorophyll a were found for a number of varieties. The results demonstrate the capabilities of the Specim IQ camera for conducting hyperspectral analyses of plant objects.


FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Aquilegia bashahrica (yellow circle), A. lactiflora (white circle), and A. × emodi (pink circle).
Two new taxa and one new record of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from India and Pakistan

April 2020

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497 Reads

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2 Citations

Phytotaxa

A new species Aquilegia bashahrica and a new nothospecies Aquilegia × emodi from North-western Himalayas, are described and illustrated. In addition A. lactiflora is recorded for India and Pakistan for the first time and Aquilegia kareliniana is excluded from the flora of India. An identification key to the species of Aquilegia from the North-western Himalayas is provided and diagnostic characters are discussed.


Fig. 3. Image of iodine-stained potato starch granules (Alena cultivar), magnification × 63. Fig. 2. Light microscopy image of potato starch granules (Alena cultivar), magnification × 63. The image was edited with the ImageJ program, and the Process → Binary → Fill holes option was applied. Arrows point to some incorrectly recognized granules. 
Fig. 3. Image of iodine-stained potato starch granules (Alena cultivar), magnification × 63. Fig. 2. Light microscopy image of potato starch granules (Alena cultivar), magnification × 63. The image was edited with the ImageJ program, and the Process → Binary → Fill holes option was applied. Arrows point to some incorrectly recognized granules. 
Fig. 4. Distribution of starch granules from Alena and Nevskiy cvs. and from hybrid 785/8-5 by maximum Feret diameters. 
Fig. 5. Distribution of starch granules from Alena and Nevskiy cvs. and from hybrid 785/8-5 by rotundity. 
A practical guide to the starch granules’ morphology study by microscopy

November 2017

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846 Reads

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3 Citations

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

Potato starch is a valuable and affordable technical raw material for a number of industries. For selection of plants producing starch with optimal processing properties effective methods for physicochemical parameters evaluation of a large number of starch samples are needed. Thus, variability of phenotypic traits data are important both for fundamental works on identification of genomic loci responsible for a wide range of potato starch characteristics as well as for applied accelerated selection of new varieties for technical use. Estimating the morphology of starch granules by microscopy is one of the most accessible and therefore widespread methods of phenotyping. We developed a four-step approach to the estimation of the geometric parameters of starch granules. It includes an isolation of starch from the tuber (stage1), the preparation of micrographs of starch samples (stage 2), processing and analysis of the images obtained in the freely distributed ImageJ program (stage 3), and the construction of distribution curve for starch granules by geometric parameters (stage 4). It was shown that the starch granules of different varieties and hybrids of potato differ in morphology and can be differentiated by microscopy with obtaining data on the Feret's diameter and the circularity of the particles. Thus, typical values of the Feret's diameter of starch granules of "Alena" and "Nevsky" varieties and 785/8-5 hybrid are 5, 22 and 67 microns, respectively. The distributions on circularity of starch granules of these varieties and the hybrid have only minor differences. Light optical microscopy of starch granules followed by digital image analysis is an affordable, economical, simple and effective approach to phenotyping the varieties and hybrids of potato Solanum tuberosum L. on the physicochemical parameters of starch. The approach may be applied for accelerated analysis of a large number of samples on a limited amount of natural material in the field and countryside economic laboratories.

Citations (8)


... Disymmetry is found in the Fumarioideae genera Lamprocapnos, Ehrendorferia, Dicentra, Ichtyoselmis Lideń & Fukuhara, and Adlumia Raf. ex DC., which are successively sister to the remaining Fumarioideae in the most recent phylogenetic analyses, when navigating the inferred topologies from the root towards the tips (Peŕez-Gutieŕrez et al., 2015;Sauquet et al., 2015;Peng et al., 2023aPeng et al., , 2023b. Disymmetry is also observed in Dactylicapnos Wall., a genus whose affinities with Fumarioideae presenting zygomorphic flowers have yet to be clarified. ...

Reference:

Genomic incongruence accompanies the evolution of flower symmetry in Eudicots: a case study in the poppy family (Papaveraceae, Ranunculales)
The synergy of abiotic and biotic factors correlated with diversification of Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae) in the Cenozoic
  • Citing Article
  • June 2023

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

... Mojavia pulchra Řeháková et Johansen (Řeháková et al. 2007) was described at the same time as Brasilonema and two new species have been found since that time (Baldarelli et al. 2022). Desmonostoc (Bornet et Flahault) Hrouzek et Ventura with the type species D. muscorum was recognized as distinct from Nostoc in Hrouzek et al. (2013), and ten additional species in the genus have since been described (Miscoe et al. 2016;de Alvarenga et al. 2018;Cai et al. 2018;Saraf et al. 2018;Kabirnataj et al. 2020;Pecundo et al. 2021;Maltseva et al. 2022;Nowruzi et al. 2023). Nodosilinea nodulosa (Z. ...

Description of Desmonostoc caucasicum sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria) using an integrative taxonomic approach
  • Citing Article
  • June 2022

Phycologia

... Taking into account all of these characteristics may be the basis of drawing adequate conclusions as to the cultivars' value for cultivation and use. There are few studies evaluating potato cultivars and they assess the quality of starch obtained from the cultivars [Pycia et al. 2012, Phogat et al. 2020, Khlestkin et al. 2019, Vasilyev et al. 2021, Khlestkin et al. 2022]. The analysis reported in the present work will fill this gap, and the findings can be used by both cultivar breeders and starchy potato growers who search for cultivars with superior attributes which will provide high levels of quality yields conditioning economic effectiveness. ...

Meta-Analysis of Genetic Factors for Potato Starch Phosphorylation

Agronomy

... These events led to the change of land-sea distribution and triggered gradual aridification of Southwest Asia (Wu et al., 2015), and could thereby have hampered the exchange of megathermal plants between tropical Asia and Africa. In particular, after the mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (~17-14 Ma), a steep and steady decline in global temperatures occurred ( Fig. 6; Tierney et al., 2020), and the uplift, exhumation and shortening in the Zagros mountains and the Iranian Plateau region accelerated (Mouthereau et al., 2012;Xiang et al., 2021). Accordingly, aridification of Southwest Asia further intensified (Wu et al., 2015). ...

Biogeographic diversification of Eranthis (Ranunculaceae) reflects the geological history of the three great Asian plateaus

... Some starch-related traits have also been analyzed via forward genetic approaches, suggesting associations between two phosphorylases (StPho1a and StPho2) and starch characteristics such as gelling temperature, chipping color, starch granule size and phosphorylation level [8]. Similarly, allelic variants within GWD, SS and SBE have been reported to be correlated with starch phosphorylation [41,42]. QTLs and allelic variations in candidate genes responsible for regulation of SGA content in potato leaves and tubers have been detected on chromosome I, II, IV, VI, VIII, XI and XII [12,[43][44][45][46][47]. ...

Genetic loci determining potato starch yield and granule morphology revealed by genome-wide association study (GWAS)

... We extract spectral information from soil samples using a Specim IQ unit covering the spectrum of visible light and NIR wavelengths in 200 bands in controlled indoor conditions, and also under field conditions. The Specim IQ sensor has been previously applied to plant health and physiology monitoring (Barreto et al., 2020;Alt, 2020;Calamita et al., 2021), plant phenotyping (Behmann et al., 2018) and multiangular spectral measurements of lichens and tree barks (Kuusinen et al., 2020;Juola et al., 2020). To our knowledge this is the first attempt to use the handheld camera-size Specim IQ imager for SOC assessment. ...

The use of Specim IQ, a hyperspectral camera, for plant analysis

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

... The genus Aquilegia Linnaeus (1753: 533) (Ranunculaceae) consists of 110 species and is mainly distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere (Erst et al. 2020a), with 21 species in North America (Whittemore 1997), 34 in Asia (Erst et al. 2017, Luo et al. 2018, and 56 in Europe (Nardi 2016). According to the most recent taconomic treatment of Aquilegia (Erst et al. 2020a), there are six species and one hybrid of Aquilegia in Himalayas: A. moorcroftiana Wall. ...

Two new taxa and one new record of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from India and Pakistan

Phytotaxa

... That table illustrates intervarietal diversity of potato starch granule morphology. Detailed morphological studies of starch granules of different potato varieties have been undertaken previously and the association of morphological traits and starch phosphorylation with genetic peculiarities have been described elsewhere [2][3][4]. ...

A practical guide to the starch granules’ morphology study by microscopy

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding